This book addresses the evolution of educational beliefs, curriculum and instructional practices through the 20th century, with particular attention to the teaching of reading, mathematics and social studies in elementary school. This book addresses the evolution of educational beliefs, curriculum, and instructional practices through the last century, with particular attention to the teaching of reading, mathematics, and social studies in the elementary school. Chapter subjects include the role of teachers, students' motivations, measurement, and the linkages between education and society.