WO2008029040A2 - Wireless network architecture for delivering content inside an enclosed space - Google Patents

Wireless network architecture for delivering content inside an enclosed space Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2008029040A2
WO2008029040A2 PCT/FR2007/051774 FR2007051774W WO2008029040A2 WO 2008029040 A2 WO2008029040 A2 WO 2008029040A2 FR 2007051774 W FR2007051774 W FR 2007051774W WO 2008029040 A2 WO2008029040 A2 WO 2008029040A2
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Prior art keywords
equipment
content
client
architecture
network
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PCT/FR2007/051774
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French (fr)
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WO2008029040A3 (en
Inventor
Philippe Chambelin
Ali Louzir
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Thomson Licensing
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Publication of WO2008029040A2 publication Critical patent/WO2008029040A2/en
Publication of WO2008029040A3 publication Critical patent/WO2008029040A3/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/30—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
    • H04W4/40—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P]
    • H04W4/42—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P] for mass transport vehicles, e.g. buses, trains or aircraft
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/16—Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems
    • H04N7/173—Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems with two-way working, e.g. subscriber sending a programme selection signal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/04—Protocols specially adapted for terminals or networks with limited capabilities; specially adapted for terminal portability
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
    • H04L67/104—Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
    • H04L67/104—Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks
    • H04L67/1061—Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks using node-based peer discovery mechanisms
    • H04L67/1065—Discovery involving distributed pre-established resource-based relationships among peers, e.g. based on distributed hash tables [DHT] 
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/10—Protocols in which an application is distributed across nodes in the network
    • H04L67/104—Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks
    • H04L67/1074—Peer-to-peer [P2P] networks for supporting data block transmission mechanisms
    • H04L67/1078—Resource delivery mechanisms
    • H04L67/108—Resource delivery mechanisms characterised by resources being split in blocks or fragments
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/21—Server components or server architectures
    • H04N21/214—Specialised server platform, e.g. server located in an airplane, hotel, hospital
    • H04N21/2146—Specialised server platform, e.g. server located in an airplane, hotel, hospital located in mass transportation means, e.g. aircraft, train or bus
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/4302—Content synchronisation processes, e.g. decoder synchronisation
    • H04N21/4307—Synchronising the rendering of multiple content streams or additional data on devices, e.g. synchronisation of audio on a mobile phone with the video output on the TV screen
    • H04N21/43076—Synchronising the rendering of multiple content streams or additional data on devices, e.g. synchronisation of audio on a mobile phone with the video output on the TV screen of the same content streams on multiple devices, e.g. when family members are watching the same movie on different devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/436—Interfacing a local distribution network, e.g. communicating with another STB or one or more peripheral devices inside the home
    • H04N21/4363—Adapting the video or multiplex stream to a specific local network, e.g. a IEEE 1394 or Bluetooth® network
    • H04N21/43637—Adapting the video or multiplex stream to a specific local network, e.g. a IEEE 1394 or Bluetooth® network involving a wireless protocol, e.g. Bluetooth, RF or wireless LAN [IEEE 802.11]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/47—End-user applications
    • H04N21/478—Supplemental services, e.g. displaying phone caller identification, shopping application
    • H04N21/4788—Supplemental services, e.g. displaying phone caller identification, shopping application communicating with other users, e.g. chatting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/12—Protocols specially adapted for proprietary or special-purpose networking environments, e.g. medical networks, sensor networks, networks in vehicles or remote metering networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H04W28/10—Flow control between communication endpoints
    • H04W28/14—Flow control between communication endpoints using intermediate storage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/005—Moving wireless networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W92/00—Interfaces specially adapted for wireless communication networks
    • H04W92/16—Interfaces between hierarchically similar devices
    • H04W92/18—Interfaces between hierarchically similar devices between terminal devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the distribution of multimedia content inside a confined space such as an airplane, a train, a bus or other enclosed place, mobile or otherwise. It relates more particularly to the application "In Flight Entertainment” (IFE) in English which consists in providing a VOD service ("video on demand” or video on demand) to each user.
  • IFE In Flight Entertainment
  • the distribution of multimedia content (consisting mainly of music, compressed video and other data) for the entertainment and information of passengers, including an aircraft (In Flight Entertainment), uses general a centralized network architecture consisting of S servers connected to ADBs (Area Distribution Boxes or local distribution boxes) themselves connected to SEB (Seat Equipment Boxes or boxes of seat equipment). These servers, besides the storage of digitized data, allow the control of the IFE network and the interface with the other systems on board.
  • the data server or servers transmit all the contents to the local distribution boxes (ABD) or access point via a high speed link (Gigabit Ethernet).
  • the local distribution boxes then retransmit to a group of seats or to each user the requested content.
  • the content is typically 50 hours of video (250 Gb of data), ie 80 movies, 74 languages per movie, 200 music CDs and 30 radio channels.
  • the encoding of the films is in MPEG1, which implies a transmission rate of 1.7 Mbps.
  • an IFE system is very bulky (hard disk, power supply, cables ...) - On the other hand, it must have a certain level of redundancy and therefore it is expensive. It's actually the second or third price point on an airplane.
  • the need to reduce the direct cost of the IFE system is therefore obvious, but there is also a recurrent cost regarding the mass of this system and the resulting kerosene cost. It is therefore relevant to seek to reduce the mass of an IFE system.
  • it has been proposed to adopt a passenger content distribution architecture that is at least partly wireless. However, in this case, the storage of the content remains centralized at the data server level. If this architecture causes a saving on the mass of the cables, it is always necessary to board a server.
  • the present invention consists in proposing a new architecture for a multimedia content distribution network inside an enclosed space that allows a distribution of contents on each electronic equipment of the passengers, in order to reduce the size of the embedded servers.
  • the present invention therefore relates to a multimedia content distribution network architecture within a confined space having at least P (P> 1) client equipment distributed in the enclosed space and interconnected by a wireless link.
  • P P> 1
  • Each client device comprises means for storing at least part of the content and an indexing table storing position and content information, the connection between client devices being managed according to UWB or Ultra Wide Band (ULB) technology.
  • UWB Ultra Wide Band
  • the client equipments are connected according to an "ad hoc" network or according to one or more "Piconet” networks with "master” client equipments and "slave” client equipments.
  • the architecture furthermore comprises N access points (N> 1) at least P '(P' ⁇ P) customer equipment being connected to an access point by a wireless link.
  • N N> 1
  • P '(P' ⁇ P) customer equipment being connected to an access point by a wireless link.
  • the present invention also relates to a method of distributing multimedia content in a network as described above. This method comprises the following steps: recognition of available equipment,
  • Figure 1 already described is a schematic representation of a wire distribution network according to the prior art.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of an IFE network according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present invention relates to an architecture that can be totally or partially wireless for an IFE system in an aircraft environment.
  • This architecture is developed from high-speed, short-range wireless technology.
  • the architecture according to the present invention is based on client equipment interconnected by a wireless link.
  • Each client equipment comprises means for storing at least part of the content and an indexing table storing position and content information, the connection between client equipment being managed according to UWB or Ultra Wide Band (ULB) technology.
  • UWB Ultra Wide Band
  • the access points consist of devices that make the connection between the wired network and the wireless network. They are arranged regularly in the plane as represented by the references AP1, AP2, AP3 in FIG. 3, so as to cover a cloud of seats symbolized by circles Ce1, Ce2, Ce3, Ce4 in FIG. wireless equipments or clients (C1, C2, C3, CX, CY, CZ) are arranged in or around the seat, these equipments comprise means allowing them to establish a connection not only with the access points (Api), but also with other clients (as represented by the arrow (F ') in FIG.
  • the rate depends directly on the range to be achieved, because the transmitted power is very low -41.3 dBm, whereas, for example, GSM systems can emit 33 dBm.
  • a bit rate of 480 Mbps at 2m distance will be used between the AP and the first client, then rates higher than 400 Mbps may be considered between customers whose distances are less than 2 m.
  • the bit rate will be of the order of 110 Mbps.
  • This architecture makes it possible to have very large client clouds.
  • the network used is a peer-to-peer network, it is possible to distribute the content over a large number of devices, which increases the robustness and reliability of the system.
  • the RF interference level will be very low, and therefore the signal transmission will not be disturbed by the high density of wireless equipment.
  • ULB technology also allows to take advantage of another major feature of this technology, namely its insensitivity to multipath.
  • ULB technology is based on the transmission of a time pulse (equivalent to a wide frequency band).
  • a time pulse equivalent to a wide frequency band.
  • ULB technology can use two MAC (Medium Access Control) or access control, one is standardized IEEE 802.15.3, the other has been defined by the WiMedia alliance.
  • the MAC 802.15.3 makes it possible to communicate the various equipments. It also requires that equipment called “master” equipment manages other equipment called “slave” equipment in its environment (or Piconet). This equipment is identical to the others, but identified during the implementation of the system as the master of the "Piconet”. In particular, it ensures the management of ULB addresses and communication code.
  • the architecture is then semi centralized, because it is possible to make communications between equipment in the same "Piconet", and thus to share the data in this "Piconet", or between "Piconet”.
  • Figure 2 shows a mixed, wired architecture up to AP access points and wireless, but thanks to the high rate of ULB technology, access points distributed regularly at a short distance from each other (2m or 2 rows of seats) above the passenger seats, allow to have a totally wireless architecture.
  • the MAC proposed by the WiMedia alliance is completely distributed. It is therefore particularly suitable for cooperative network architectures such as ad hoc networks or "Peer to Peer” networks. It has the advantage of proposing clouds of important points (called “Piconet”) and extended “Piconets”, that is to say a management of the areas of recovery. This is particularly relevant in order to manage the redundancy between "Piconet” and thus increase the reliability of the wireless system.
  • a second aspect of the invention consists in using the spatial location (or positioning) characteristic of the ULB.
  • this technique being derived radar techniques, the sending of a pulse can allow detection with a precision of the order of 10 cm.
  • a location table assigned to the customers' addresses can be established at the initialization of the system and thus the flow rate entered in this table so as to optimize the exchange protocols between the equipment. It also allows to have mobile client devices with the possibility to update the location table.
  • the management of the transmission rate of data and the transmission power of the electronic equipment has the advantages of improving the capacity of the IFE system (optimization of the number of bits transmitted per second and per m 2 ) and of reducing the power emitted in the enclosed environment, which is beneficial for system performance due to the reduction of interferents and for passenger health (reduction of electromagnetic power).
  • This method comprises first, during the initialization of the system, a step of recognizing the available equipment, followed by an update of the various terminals by distributing and sharing the contents on all the equipment, ensuring, preferably, some redundancy of the information. Then, we inform an indexing table with information on the location of each equipment (C1, C2, CX, CY) and the received content using UWB or ULB technology, then this table is distributed to all equipment. Thus, when a passenger wishes to watch a movie or other data, the client equipment consults the indexing table to identify the holders of the parts of the searched content.
  • the client equipment makes a request to the identified equipment using a predetermined path depending on the equipment load, their condition and the quality of the transmission channel.
  • the requested equipment distributes the requested content either by the same path or by another path if the channel has changed.
  • UWB or ULB technology allows both the location of equipment and the communication of content between equipment. In addition, thanks to its low emission level, it reduces interference.
  • the location register will be updated regularly or at each request for content of said equipment.

Abstract

The invention relates to a network architecture for delivering multimedia content inside an enclosed space, including at least P (P≥1) client devices (C1, C2) distributed in the enclosed space and interconnected by means of a wireless link (F'). Each device includes means for storing at least part of the content and an indexing table containing position and content information, the connection between the client devices being managed with UWB (ultra wideband) technology. The invention is particularly suitable for in-flight entertainment.

Description

ARCHITECTURE DE RESEAU DE DISTRIBUTION DE CONTENU A L'INTERIEUR D'UN ESPACE CLOS CONTENT DISTRIBUTION NETWORK ARCHITECTURE WITHIN A CLOSED SPACE
La présente invention concerne la distribution de contenu multimédia à l'intérieur d'un espace clos tel qu'un avion, un train, un bus ou autre endroit clos mobile ou non. Elle concerne plus particulièrement l'application « In Flight Entertainment » (IFE) en langue anglaise qui consiste à fournir un service de VOD (« video on demand » ou vidéo à la demande) à chaque usager.The present invention relates to the distribution of multimedia content inside a confined space such as an airplane, a train, a bus or other enclosed place, mobile or otherwise. It relates more particularly to the application "In Flight Entertainment" (IFE) in English which consists in providing a VOD service ("video on demand" or video on demand) to each user.
Comme représenté sur la Figure 1 , la distribution de contenu multimédia (constitué principalement de musique, de vidéo compressée et de données diverses) destiné au divertissement et à l'information des passagers, notamment d'un avion (In Flight Entertainement), utilise en général une architecture réseau centralisée constituée par des serveurs S reliés à des ADB (Area Distribution Boxes ou boites de distribution locales) eux même connectés à des SEB (Seat Equipement Boxes ou boites d'équipement de siège). Ces serveurs, outre le stockage de données numérisées, permettent le contrôle du réseau IFE et l'interface avec les autres systèmes à bord..As shown in Figure 1, the distribution of multimedia content (consisting mainly of music, compressed video and other data) for the entertainment and information of passengers, including an aircraft (In Flight Entertainment), uses general a centralized network architecture consisting of S servers connected to ADBs (Area Distribution Boxes or local distribution boxes) themselves connected to SEB (Seat Equipment Boxes or boxes of seat equipment). These servers, besides the storage of digitized data, allow the control of the IFE network and the interface with the other systems on board.
Actuellement, les systèmes existants sont tous basés sur des réseaux câblés avec centralisation des données, ces réseaux utilisant une technologie filaire basée sur les fibres optiques et/ou les câbles Ethernet. Le ou les serveurs de données transmettent aux boîtes de distribution locales (ABD) ou point d'accès, l'ensemble des contenus, via un lien haut débit (Gigabit Ethernet). Les boîtes de distribution locales retransmettent ensuite à un groupe de sièges ou à chaque utilisateur le contenu demandé. Le contenu est typiquement 50 heures de vidéo (250 Gb de donnée), soit 80 films, 74 langues par films, 200 CD de musique et 30 canaux radio. Le codage des films est en MPEG1 , ce qui implique un débit de transmission de 1.7 Mbps. En conséquence, un système IFE est très volumineux (disque dur, ensemble d'alimentation, câbles ...)- D'autre part, il doit comporter un certain niveau de redondance et par conséquent il est cher. C'est en fait le deuxième ou troisième poste de prix dans un avion. Le besoin de réduire le coût direct du système IFE est donc évident, mais il y a aussi un coût récurrent concernant la masse de ce système et le coût en kérosène en résultant. Il est donc pertinent de chercher à réduire la masse d'un système IFE. Pour cela, il a été proposé d'adopter une architecture de distribution du contenu aux passagers qui soit au moins en partie sans fil. Toutefois, dans ce cas, le stockage du contenu reste centralisé au niveau du serveur de données. Si cette architecture entraîne une économie sur la masse des câbles, il est toujours nécessaire d'embarquer un serveur.Currently, existing systems are all based on wired networks with data centralization, these networks using wired technology based on optical fibers and / or Ethernet cables. The data server or servers transmit all the contents to the local distribution boxes (ABD) or access point via a high speed link (Gigabit Ethernet). The local distribution boxes then retransmit to a group of seats or to each user the requested content. The content is typically 50 hours of video (250 Gb of data), ie 80 movies, 74 languages per movie, 200 music CDs and 30 radio channels. The encoding of the films is in MPEG1, which implies a transmission rate of 1.7 Mbps. As a result, an IFE system is very bulky (hard disk, power supply, cables ...) - On the other hand, it must have a certain level of redundancy and therefore it is expensive. It's actually the second or third price point on an airplane. The need to reduce the direct cost of the IFE system is therefore obvious, but there is also a recurrent cost regarding the mass of this system and the resulting kerosene cost. It is therefore relevant to seek to reduce the mass of an IFE system. For this, it has been proposed to adopt a passenger content distribution architecture that is at least partly wireless. However, in this case, the storage of the content remains centralized at the data server level. If this architecture causes a saving on the mass of the cables, it is always necessary to board a server.
La présente invention consiste à proposer une nouvelle architecture pour un réseau de distribution de contenu multimédia à l'intérieur d'un espace clos qui permet une répartition des contenus sur chaque équipement électronique des passagers, afin de réduire la taille des serveurs embarqués.The present invention consists in proposing a new architecture for a multimedia content distribution network inside an enclosed space that allows a distribution of contents on each electronic equipment of the passengers, in order to reduce the size of the embedded servers.
La présente invention concerne donc une architecture de réseau de distribution de contenu multimédia à l'intérieur d'un espace clos comportant au moins P (P > 1 ) équipements clients répartis dans l'espace clos et reliés entre eux par une liaison sans fil. Chaque équipement client comporte des moyens de stockage d'au moins une partie du contenu et une table d'indexation stockant des informations de position et de contenu, la connexion entre des équipements clients étant gérée selon la technologie UWB ou ULB (Ultra Large Bande).The present invention therefore relates to a multimedia content distribution network architecture within a confined space having at least P (P> 1) client equipment distributed in the enclosed space and interconnected by a wireless link. Each client device comprises means for storing at least part of the content and an indexing table storing position and content information, the connection between client devices being managed according to UWB or Ultra Wide Band (ULB) technology. .
Selon différents modes de réalisation, les équipements clients sont connectés selon un réseau « ad hoc » ou selon un ou plusieurs réseaux « Piconet » avec des équipements clients « maître » et des équipements clients « esclave ».According to various embodiments, the client equipments are connected according to an "ad hoc" network or according to one or more "Piconet" networks with "master" client equipments and "slave" client equipments.
Selon une caractéristique supplémentaire de l'invention, l'architecture comporte de plus N points d'accès (N > 1 ) au moins P' (P' < P) équipements clients étant reliés à un point d'accès par une liaison sans fils. Le fait de prévoir des points d'accès qui peuvent être interconnectés par une liaison filaire ou sans fils permet de faciliter le routage du contenu.According to a further feature of the invention, the architecture furthermore comprises N access points (N> 1) at least P '(P'<P) customer equipment being connected to an access point by a wireless link. Providing access points that can be interconnected by a wired or wireless link makes it easier to route the content.
La présente invention concerne aussi un procédé de distribution de contenu multimédia dans un réseau tel que décrit ci-dessus. Ce procédé comporte les étapes suivantes : reconnaissance des équipements disponibles,The present invention also relates to a method of distributing multimedia content in a network as described above. This method comprises the following steps: recognition of available equipment,
- distribution et partage des contenus sur l'ensemble des équipements, - chargement d'une table d'indexation avec des informations définissant l'emplacement de chaque équipement et le contenu en utilisant la technologie UWB,- distribution and sharing of contents on all equipment, - loading an indexing table with information defining the location of each equipment and content using UWB technology,
- distribution de ladite table à l'ensemble des équipements.- Distribution of said table to all equipment.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront à la lecture de la description faite ci-après d'un mode de réalisation de la présente invention, cette description étant faite avec référence au dessin ci-annexé dans lequel :Other features and advantages of the present invention will appear on reading the following description of an embodiment of the present invention, this description being made with reference to the accompanying drawing in which:
La figure 1 déjà décrite est une représentation schématique d'un réseau de distribution filaire selon l'art antérieur.Figure 1 already described is a schematic representation of a wire distribution network according to the prior art.
La figure 2 est une représentation schématique d'un réseau IFE selon un mode de réalisation de la présente invention.Figure 2 is a schematic representation of an IFE network according to an embodiment of the present invention.
La figure 3 est une vue en perspective d'un autre mode de réalisation de la présente invention.Fig. 3 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the present invention.
La présente invention concerne une architecture qui peut être totalement ou partiellement sans fil, pour un système IFE dans un environnement avion. Cette architecture est développée à partir d'une technologie sans fil à haut débit et courte portée. L'architecture conforme à la présente invention est basée sur des équipements clients reliés entre eux par une liaison sans fils. Chaque équipement client comporte des moyens de stockage d'au moins une partie du contenu et une table d'indexation stockant des informations de position et de contenu, la connexion entre des équipements client étant gérée selon la technologie UWB ou ULB (Ultra Large Bande).The present invention relates to an architecture that can be totally or partially wireless for an IFE system in an aircraft environment. This architecture is developed from high-speed, short-range wireless technology. The architecture according to the present invention is based on client equipment interconnected by a wireless link. Each client equipment comprises means for storing at least part of the content and an indexing table storing position and content information, the connection between client equipment being managed according to UWB or Ultra Wide Band (ULB) technology.
Ainsi, il est proposé d'utiliser des petits équipements radio installés dans les sièges ou dans l'équipement de visualisation du contenu, pour chaque passager (voir notamment les équipements référencés C1 et C2 dans la figure 3). Cet équipement a la possibilité de communiquer avec les équipements voisins, ce qui est pertinent dans le cadre d'une architecture de type « Peer to Peer » en langue anglaise ou « paire à paire » .Le lien entre les équipement s est réalisé par une liaison sans fil haut débit et courte portée, de type Ultra Large Bande (ULB ou UWB en anglais pour Ultra Wide band). D'autre part, ces équipements sont munis de moyens de stockage, notamment de mémoire, ce qui permet de stocker du contenu au niveau des équipements passagers. Dans le cas du mode de réalisation représenté à la figure 2, l'architecture proposée est une architecture de type hybride filaire - sans fil, avec des équipements passagers sans fil, conformément à la présente invention. Toutefois, dans ce mode de réalisation, pour faciliter le routage des informations, des points d'accès (APi) interconnectés par un réseau filaire (f) sont prévus.Thus, it is proposed to use small radio equipment installed in the seats or in the content viewing equipment, for each passenger (see in particular the equipment referenced C1 and C2 in Figure 3). This equipment has the ability to communicate with neighboring equipment, which is relevant in the context of a "Peer to Peer" type architecture in English or "pair to pair" .The link between the equipment is realized by a high-speed and short-range wireless link, Ultra Wide Band type (ULB or UWB). On the other hand, these devices are provided with storage means, including memory, which can store content at the level of passenger equipment. In the case of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the proposed architecture is a wired-wireless hybrid type architecture, with wireless passenger equipment, in accordance with the present invention. However, in this embodiment, to facilitate the routing of information, access points (APi) interconnected by a wired network (f) are provided.
Les points d'accès (AP 1 , AP2, AP3, AP4) sont constitués par des équipements qui font le lien entre le réseau filaire et le réseau sans fil. Ils sont disposés de manière régulière dans l'avion comme représenté par les références AP1 , AP2, AP3 dans la figure 3, de manière à couvrir un nuage de sièges symbolisé par des cercles Ce1 , Ce2, Ce3, Ce4 sur la figure 2. Des équipements sans fil ou clients (C1 , C2, C3, CX, CY, CZ) sont disposés dans ou autour du siège, ces équipements comportent des moyens leur permettant d'établir une connexion non seulement avec les points d'accès (Api), mais aussi avec les autres clients (comme représenté par la flèche (F') sur la figure 3.The access points (AP 1, AP 2, AP 3, AP 4) consist of devices that make the connection between the wired network and the wireless network. They are arranged regularly in the plane as represented by the references AP1, AP2, AP3 in FIG. 3, so as to cover a cloud of seats symbolized by circles Ce1, Ce2, Ce3, Ce4 in FIG. wireless equipments or clients (C1, C2, C3, CX, CY, CZ) are arranged in or around the seat, these equipments comprise means allowing them to establish a connection not only with the access points (Api), but also with other clients (as represented by the arrow (F ') in FIG.
La pertinence de ce système provient de la technologie utilisée, à savoir la technologie Ultra Large Bande ou UWB, et en particulier de sa caractéristique qui consiste à pouvoir transmettre de très haut débit à faible distance.The relevance of this system comes from the technology used, namely the Ultra Wide Band or UWB technology, and in particular its characteristic of being able to transmit very high speed at a short distance.
En effet, d'après le théorème de Shannon, la capacité d'un canal dépend de la largeur de la bande utilisée et de la puissance émise C = BW*log2 (1+SNR) avec C = capacité du canal (bits/sec)Indeed, according to Shannon's theorem, the capacity of a channel depends on the width of the band used and the transmitted power C = BW * log2 (1 + SNR) with C = capacity of the channel (bits / sec )
BW = largeur du canal (Hz)BW = width of the channel (Hz)
SNR= rapport signal sur bruitSNR = signal-to-noise ratio
Et : SNR = P/(BW*No)And: SNR = P / (BW * No)
P = Puissance du signal reçu No = Densité spectrale de bruit (watts/Hz)P = Received signal power No = Spectral noise density (watts / Hz)
La bande de fréquence non licenciée autorisée étant très large (de 3.1 GHz à 10.6 GHz), des débits très élevés peuvent être atteints. Cependant, comme la puissance d'émission autorisée est très faible, la portée en est limitée.As the authorized unlicensed frequency band is very wide (from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz), very high bit rates can be achieved. However, since the allowable transmit power is very small, the range is limited.
En fait, le débit dépend directement de la portée à réaliser, car la puissance émise est très faible -41.3 dBm, alors que, par exemple, des systèmes GSM peuvent émettre 33 dBm. Pour ce cas précis, un débit de 480 Mbps à 2 m de distance sera utilisé entre l'AP et le premier client, puis des débits supérieurs à 400 Mbps pourront être envisagés entre les clients dont les distances sont inférieures à 2 m. Par contre, si un bond doit être fait entre des clients distants de plusieurs mètres, typiquement 10 m, alors le débit sera de l'ordre de 110 Mbps.In fact, the rate depends directly on the range to be achieved, because the transmitted power is very low -41.3 dBm, whereas, for example, GSM systems can emit 33 dBm. For this specific case, a bit rate of 480 Mbps at 2m distance will be used between the AP and the first client, then rates higher than 400 Mbps may be considered between customers whose distances are less than 2 m. On the other hand, if a jump has to be made between clients several meters apart, typically 10 m, then the bit rate will be of the order of 110 Mbps.
Cette architecture permet donc d'avoir des nuages de clients très importants. D'autre part, le réseau utilisé étant un réseau de type « Peer to Peer », il est possible de répartir le contenu sur un grand nombre d'équipements, ce qui augmente la robustesse et la fiabilité du système. De plus, du fait de la faible puissance d'émission, le niveau d'interférence RF sera très faible, et donc la transmission des signaux ne sera pas perturbée par la forte densité d'équipements sans fil.This architecture makes it possible to have very large client clouds. On the other hand, since the network used is a peer-to-peer network, it is possible to distribute the content over a large number of devices, which increases the robustness and reliability of the system. In addition, because of the low transmission power, the RF interference level will be very low, and therefore the signal transmission will not be disturbed by the high density of wireless equipment.
L'architecture proposée avec la technologie ULB, permet également de tirer profit d'une autre caractéristique majeure de cette technologie, à savoir son insensibilité aux multi trajets. En effet la technologie ULB est basée sur la transmission d'une impulsion temporelle (équivalent à une large bande de fréquence). Ainsi, lorsqu'on se trouve dans un environnement clos et avec de fortes réflexion s comme dans un avion, il existe une multitude de trajets de propagation. Ceux-ci arrivent avec un certain décalage, dans le temps. Il suffit alors de prévoir une période suffisamment grande pour récupérer toute l'énergie transmise sur l'ensemble des trajets.The architecture proposed with ULB technology, also allows to take advantage of another major feature of this technology, namely its insensitivity to multipath. ULB technology is based on the transmission of a time pulse (equivalent to a wide frequency band). Thus, when one is in a closed environment and with strong reflections as in an airplane, there is a multitude of propagation paths. These arrive with a certain lag, in time. It is then sufficient to provide a period large enough to recover all the energy transmitted on all the paths.
La technologie ULB peut utiliser deux MAC (Médium Access Control) ou contrôle d'accès, l'un est standardisé IEEE 802.15.3, l'autre a été défini par l'alliance WiMedia.ULB technology can use two MAC (Medium Access Control) or access control, one is standardized IEEE 802.15.3, the other has been defined by the WiMedia alliance.
Le MAC 802.15.3 permet de faire communiquer les différents équipements. Il demande également à ce qu'un équipement appelé équipement « maître » gère les autres équipements appelés équipements « esclave » dans son environnement (Ou Piconet). Cet équipement est identique aux autres, mais identifié lors de la mise en œuvre du système comme le maître du « Piconet ». Il assure notamment la gestion des adresses et code de communication ULB. L'architecture est alors semi centralisée, car il est possible de faire des communications entre équipements dans un même « Piconet », et donc de partager les données dans ce « Piconet », ou entre « Piconet ».The MAC 802.15.3 makes it possible to communicate the various equipments. It also requires that equipment called "master" equipment manages other equipment called "slave" equipment in its environment (or Piconet). This equipment is identical to the others, but identified during the implementation of the system as the master of the "Piconet". In particular, it ensures the management of ULB addresses and communication code. The architecture is then semi centralized, because it is possible to make communications between equipment in the same "Piconet", and thus to share the data in this "Piconet", or between "Piconet".
La figure 2 représente une architecture mixte, filaire jusqu'aux points d'accès AP puis sans fil, mais grâce au débit élevé de la technologie ULB, des points d'accès répartis régulièrement à faible distance les uns des autres (2m ou 2 rangées de sièges) au dessus des sièges passagers, permettent d'avoir une architecture totalement sans fil.Figure 2 shows a mixed, wired architecture up to AP access points and wireless, but thanks to the high rate of ULB technology, access points distributed regularly at a short distance from each other (2m or 2 rows of seats) above the passenger seats, allow to have a totally wireless architecture.
Le MAC proposé par l'alliance WiMédia est lui complètement distribué. Il est donc particulièrement adapté à des architectures de réseaux coopératifs tels que les réseaux ad hoc ou « Peer to Peer ». Il a l'avantage de proposer des nuages de points importants (appelé « Piconet ») et des « Piconet » étendus, c'est-à-dire une gestion des zones de recouvrement. Ceci est particulièrement pertinent afin de gérer la redondance entre « Piconet » et ainsi augmenter la fiabilité du système sans fil.The MAC proposed by the WiMedia alliance is completely distributed. It is therefore particularly suitable for cooperative network architectures such as ad hoc networks or "Peer to Peer" networks. It has the advantage of proposing clouds of important points (called "Piconet") and extended "Piconets", that is to say a management of the areas of recovery. This is particularly relevant in order to manage the redundancy between "Piconet" and thus increase the reliability of the wireless system.
Un deuxième volet de l'invention consiste à utiliser la caractéristique de localisation (ou positionnement) spatial de l'ULB. En effet, cette technique étant dérivée des techniques radars, l'envoi d'une impulsion peut permettre une détection avec une précision de l'ordre de 10 cm. On peut donc utiliser cette caractéristique pour localiser le client à qui on veut ou on doit transmettre des données et ajuster le débit (ou la puissance) en fonction de cette distance. Etant donné que l'avion est un environnement déterministe, une table de localisation affectée aux adresses des clients peut être établie à l'initialisation du système et donc le débit renseigné dans cette table de manière à optimiser les protocoles d'échanges entre les équipements. Cela permet aussi d'avoir des équipements clients mobiles avec possibilité de mettre à jour la table de localisation. La gestion du débit de transmission des données et de la puissance d'émission des équipements électroniques, a pour avantages d'améliorer la capacité du système IFE (optimisation du nombre de bit transmis par seconde et par m2) et de réduire la puissance émise dans l'environnement clos, ce qui est bénéfique pour les performances système du fait de la réduction des interférents et pour la santé des passagers (réduction de la puissance électromagnétique).A second aspect of the invention consists in using the spatial location (or positioning) characteristic of the ULB. Indeed, this technique being derived radar techniques, the sending of a pulse can allow detection with a precision of the order of 10 cm. We can use this feature to locate the customer to whom we want or we must transmit data and adjust the flow (or power) according to this distance. Since the aircraft is a deterministic environment, a location table assigned to the customers' addresses can be established at the initialization of the system and thus the flow rate entered in this table so as to optimize the exchange protocols between the equipment. It also allows to have mobile client devices with the possibility to update the location table. The management of the transmission rate of data and the transmission power of the electronic equipment has the advantages of improving the capacity of the IFE system (optimization of the number of bits transmitted per second and per m 2 ) and of reducing the power emitted in the enclosed environment, which is beneficial for system performance due to the reduction of interferents and for passenger health (reduction of electromagnetic power).
On décrira maintenant le procédé de distribution de contenu multimédia utilisé dans l'architecture réseau décrite ci-dessus. Ce procédé comporte tout d'abord, lors de l'initialisation du système, une étape de reconnaissance des équipements disponibles, suivi d'une mise à jour des différents terminaux en distribuant et partageant les contenus sur l'ensemble des équipements, en assurant, de préférence, une certaine redondance des informations. Ensuite, on renseigne une table d'indexation avec des informations sur l'emplacement de chaque équipement (C1 , C2, CX, CY) et sur le contenu reçu en utilisant la technologie UWB ou ULB, puis cette table est distribuée à l'ensemble des équipements. Ainsi, lorsqu'un passager souhaite regarder un film ou autres données, l'équipement client consulte la table d'indexation pour identifier les détenteurs des parties du contenu recherché. L'équipement client fait une demande aux équipements identifiés en utilisant un chemin prédéterminé fonction de la charge des équipements, de leur état et de la qualité du canal de transmission. Les équipements sollicités distribuent le contenu demandé soit par le même chemin soit par un autre chemin si le canal a changé. Une fois que l'équipement client a reçu le contenu demandé, il en accuse réception au demandeur. L'utilisation de la technologie UWB ou ULB permet à la fois la localisation des équipements et la communication de contenu entre équipements. De plus, grâce à son faible niveau d'émission, elle permet de réduire les interférences.We will now describe the method of distribution of multimedia content used in the network architecture described above. This method comprises first, during the initialization of the system, a step of recognizing the available equipment, followed by an update of the various terminals by distributing and sharing the contents on all the equipment, ensuring, preferably, some redundancy of the information. Then, we inform an indexing table with information on the location of each equipment (C1, C2, CX, CY) and the received content using UWB or ULB technology, then this table is distributed to all equipment. Thus, when a passenger wishes to watch a movie or other data, the client equipment consults the indexing table to identify the holders of the parts of the searched content. The client equipment makes a request to the identified equipment using a predetermined path depending on the equipment load, their condition and the quality of the transmission channel. The requested equipment distributes the requested content either by the same path or by another path if the channel has changed. Once the client equipment has received the requested content, it acknowledges receipt to the requester. The use of UWB or ULB technology allows both the location of equipment and the communication of content between equipment. In addition, thanks to its low emission level, it reduces interference.
Dans la cas d'un équipement électronique mobile ou plutôt nomadique, le registre de localisation sera remis à jour de manière régulière ou à chaque demande de contenu dudit équipement. In the case of a mobile or rather nomadic electronic equipment, the location register will be updated regularly or at each request for content of said equipment.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1 - Architecture de réseau de distribution de contenu multimédia à l'intérieur d'un espace clos comportant au moins P (P > 1 ) équipements clients répartis dans l'espace clos et reliés entre eux par une liaison sans fils, caractérisée en ce que chaque équipement comporte des moyens de stockage d'au moins une partie du contenu et une table d'indexation stockant des informations de position et de contenu, la connexion entre des équipements clients étant gérée selon la technologie UWB ou ULB (Ultra Large Bande).1 - Multimedia content distribution network architecture within a confined space comprising at least P (P> 1) client equipment distributed in the confined space and interconnected by a wireless link, characterized in that each device comprises means for storing at least part of the content and an indexing table storing position and content information, the connection between client equipment being managed according to UWB or Ultra Wide Band (ULB) technology.
2 - Architecture selon la revendication 1 , caractérisée en ce que les équipements clients sont connectés selon un réseau « ad hoc » ou « peer to peer ».2 - Architecture according to claim 1, characterized in that the client equipment is connected according to an "ad hoc" or "peer to peer" network.
3 - Architecture selon la revendication 1 , caractérisée en ce que les équipements clients sont connectés selon un ou plusieurs réseaux3 - Architecture according to claim 1, characterized in that the client equipment is connected according to one or more networks
« Piconet » avec des équipements clients « maître » et des équipements clients « esclave »."Piconet" with "master" client devices and "slave" client devices.
4 - Architecture selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que les équipements clients sont fixes et/ou mobiles.4 - Architecture according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the customer equipment is fixed and / or mobile.
5 - Architecture selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte de plus N points d'accès (N > 1 ) au moins P' (P' < P) équipements clients étant reliés à un point d'accès par une liaison sans fils. 6 - Architecture selon la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce que les N points d'accès sont interconnectés par une liaison sans fils ou par une liaison filaire.5 - Architecture according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it further comprises N access points (N> 1) at least P '(P'<P) client equipment being connected to a point access via a wireless link. 6 - Architecture according to claim 5, characterized in that the N access points are interconnected by a wireless link or a wired link.
7 - Procédé de distribution de contenu multimédia dans un réseau selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé par les étapes suivantes : reconnaissance des équipements disponibles,7 - Method for distributing multimedia content in a network according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by the following steps: recognition of available equipment,
- distribution et partage des contenus sur l'ensemble des équipements, - chargement d'une table d'indexation avec des informations définissant l'emplacement de chaque équipement et le contenu en utilisant la technologie UWB,- distribution and sharing of contents on all equipment, - loading an indexing table with information defining the location of each equipment and content using UWB technology,
- distribution de ladite table à l'ensemble des équipements. - Distribution of said table to all equipment.
PCT/FR2007/051774 2006-09-06 2007-08-03 Wireless network architecture for delivering content inside an enclosed space WO2008029040A2 (en)

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