WO2006095184B1 - Data processing system - Google Patents

Data processing system

Info

Publication number
WO2006095184B1
WO2006095184B1 PCT/GB2006/000852 GB2006000852W WO2006095184B1 WO 2006095184 B1 WO2006095184 B1 WO 2006095184B1 GB 2006000852 W GB2006000852 W GB 2006000852W WO 2006095184 B1 WO2006095184 B1 WO 2006095184B1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
data processing
processing system
data
descriptor
operating system
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2006/000852
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2006095184A2 (en
WO2006095184A3 (en
Inventor
Steven Leslie Pope
David James Riddoch
Greg Law
Original Assignee
Level 5 Networks Inc
Steven Leslie Pope
David James Riddoch
Greg Law
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GBGB0504987.9A external-priority patent/GB0504987D0/en
Priority claimed from GBGB0505300.4A external-priority patent/GB0505300D0/en
Priority claimed from GB0505299A external-priority patent/GB0505299D0/en
Priority claimed from GBGB0505297.2A external-priority patent/GB0505297D0/en
Priority claimed from GB0506403A external-priority patent/GB0506403D0/en
Priority to EP06710062.8A priority Critical patent/EP1861778B1/en
Priority to EP17167635.6A priority patent/EP3217285B1/en
Application filed by Level 5 Networks Inc, Steven Leslie Pope, David James Riddoch, Greg Law filed Critical Level 5 Networks Inc
Publication of WO2006095184A2 publication Critical patent/WO2006095184A2/en
Publication of WO2006095184A3 publication Critical patent/WO2006095184A3/en
Publication of WO2006095184B1 publication Critical patent/WO2006095184B1/en
Priority to US11/900,377 priority patent/US8650569B2/en
Priority to US11/982,108 priority patent/US7844782B2/en
Priority to US11/982,110 priority patent/US8006252B2/en
Priority to US11/982,109 priority patent/US8868780B2/en
Priority to US11/982,148 priority patent/US8782642B2/en
Priority to US13/186,672 priority patent/US8533740B2/en
Priority to US14/151,642 priority patent/US9063771B2/en
Priority to US14/321,201 priority patent/US9552225B2/en
Priority to US14/519,065 priority patent/US9729436B2/en
Priority to US15/247,696 priority patent/US10397103B2/en

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
    • G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
    • G06F9/46—Multiprogramming arrangements
    • G06F9/461—Saving or restoring of program or task context
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F21/00—Security arrangements for protecting computers, components thereof, programs or data against unauthorised activity
    • G06F21/50—Monitoring users, programs or devices to maintain the integrity of platforms, e.g. of processors, firmware or operating systems
    • G06F21/57—Certifying or maintaining trusted computer platforms, e.g. secure boots or power-downs, version controls, system software checks, secure updates or assessing vulnerabilities
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
    • G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
    • G06F9/46—Multiprogramming arrangements
    • G06F9/48—Program initiating; Program switching, e.g. by interrupt
    • G06F9/4806—Task transfer initiation or dispatching
    • G06F9/4843—Task transfer initiation or dispatching by program, e.g. task dispatcher, supervisor, operating system
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
    • G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
    • G06F9/46—Multiprogramming arrangements
    • G06F9/52—Program synchronisation; Mutual exclusion, e.g. by means of semaphores
    • G06F9/526—Mutual exclusion algorithms
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F9/00—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units
    • G06F9/06—Arrangements for program control, e.g. control units using stored programs, i.e. using an internal store of processing equipment to receive or retain programs
    • G06F9/46—Multiprogramming arrangements
    • G06F9/54—Interprogram communication
    • G06F9/545—Interprogram communication where tasks reside in different layers, e.g. user- and kernel-space
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/02—Topology update or discovery
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/54—Organization of routing tables

Abstract

A data processing system comprising: an operating system for supporting processes, each process being associated with one or more resources, the operating system being arranged to police the accessing by processes of resources so as to inhibit a process from accessing resources with which it is not associated, and being responsive to instructions of a certain type to re-initialise a process; an interface for interfacing between each process and the operating system; and a memory for storing state information for at least one process, the state information being associated with a resource; the interface being arranged to analyse instructions from the processes to the operating system, and being arranged to, on detecting an instruction to re-initialise a process so as to be associated with a resource that is associated with pre-existing state information, cause state information corresponding to that pre-existing state information to be stored in the memory as state information for the re-initialised process and to be associated with the resource.

Claims

AMENDED CLAIMS Received by International Bureau on 25 April 2007
1. A data processing system comprising: an operating system for supporting processes, each process being associated with one or more resources, the operating system being arranged to police the accessing by processes of resources so as to inhibit a process from accessing resources with which it is not associated, and being responsive to instructions of a certain type to re-initialise a process; an interface for interfacing between each process and the operating system; and a memory for storing state information for at least one process, the state information being associated with a resource; the interface being arranged to analyse instructions from the processes to the operating system, and being arranged to, on detecting an instruction to re-initialise a process so as to be associated with a resource that is associated with pre-existing state information, cause state information corresponding to that pre-existing state information to be stored in the memory as state information for the re-initialised process and to be associated with the resource.
2. A data processing system as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the said instructions include execQ instructions.
3. A data processing system as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the interface is arranged to, when two or more resources are associated with the process, cause the said state information corresponding to the said pre-existing state information to be associated with the resource in response to an attempt to access the resource.
4. A data processing system as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the operating system is responsive to instructions of another type to duplicate a process.
5. A data processing system as claimed in claim 4 wherein the said instructions of another type include fork() instructions.
6. A data processing system as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the resource with which the state information is associated is a memory area storing data for transmission and/or reception by the data processing system.
7. A data processing system as claimed in claim 6, wherein the state information is one or more of: data transmission information, reception state information, information defining a virtual hardware interface, TCP windows, information defining unacknowledged buffers and information defining timeout values.
8. A data processing system as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the system is arranged to be capable of using the state information to form a memory mapping onto the resource.
9. A data processing system as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the operating system has a table indicating which state information is associated with which resource.
10. A data processing system as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the interface is arranged to, on detecting an instruction to re-initialise a process so as to be associated with a resource that is associated with pre-existing state information, store a record of that instruction and then pass the instruction to the operating system.
11. A data processing system as claimed in claim 10, wherein the operating system is arranged to call the interface to configure state information for a reinitialised process, and the interface is arranged to, on being called to configure state information for a process to check whether it has a record of there having been an instruction to re-initialise that process so as to be associated with a resource that is associated with pre-existing state information; and if so, cause state information corresponding to that pre-existing state information to be stored in the memory as state information for the process and to be associated with the resource, and otherwise generate fresh state information for the process.
108
12. A data processing system as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein each resource is identifiable by means of a file descriptor.
13. A data processing system as claimed in claim 12, wherein a resource can be identifiable by multiple file descriptors.
14. A data processing system as claimed in claim 13, wherein the operating system is arranged to, in response to instructions to re-initialise a process and allocate a new file descriptor to that process, preferentially allocate a new resource to that process, identifiable by the new file descriptor.
15. A data processing system as claimed in any preceding claim, wherein the state information is stored in memory that is shared between the operating system and the interface.
16. A data processing system as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the interface is a library.
17. A data processing system as claimed in any preceding claim wherein the interface is an application program interface.
18. An interface for use by a data processing system comprising an operating system for supporting processes, each process being associated with one or more resources, the operating system being arranged to police the accessing by processes of resources so as to inhibit a process from accessing resources with which it is not associated, and being responsive to instructions of a certain type to reinitialise a process and a memory for storing state information for at least one process, the state information being associated with a resource; the interface being for interfacing between each process and the operating system; and being arranged to analyse instructions from the processes to the operating system, and being arranged to, on detecting an instruction to re-initialise a process so as to be associated with a resource that is associated with pre-existing state information, cause state information corresponding to that pre-existing state
109 information to be stored in the memory as state information for the re-initialised process and to be associated with the resource.
19. A data carrier storing program data defining an interface as claimed in claim 18.
20. A method for processing instructions in a data processing system comprising: an operating system for supporting processes, each process being associated with one or more resources, the operating system being arranged to police the accessing by processes of resources so as to inhibit a process from accessing resources with which it is not associated, and being responsive to instructions of a certain type to reinitialise a process; an interface for interfacing between each process and the operating system; and a memory for storing state information for at least one process, the state information being associated with a resource; the method comprising the steps of: analysing instructions from the processes to the operating system; and on detecting an instruction to re-initialise a process so as to be associated with a resource that is associated with pre-existing state information, causing state information corresponding to that pre-existing state information to be stored in the memory as state information for the re-initialised process and to be associated with the resource.
21. A data processing system substantially as described in section A with reference to figures 1 to 6 of the accompanying drawings.
22. An interface substantially as described in section A with reference to figures 1 to 6 of the accompanying drawings.
23. A data carrier substantially as described in section A with reference to figures 1 to 6 of the accompanying drawings.
24. A method for processing instructions substantially as described in section A with reference to figures 1 to 6 of the accompanying drawings.
110
25. A data processing system comprising: an operating system that stores a first network routing table comprising one or more entries each indicating at least part of a route over a network to a respective destination; a transmission support function internal to the operating system arranged to maintain a copy of the first network routing table; and a network data transmission function arranged to transmit data in accordance with the copy network routing table and without accessing the first network routing table.
27. A data processing system as claimed in claim 25 or 26 wherein the network data transmission function is external to the operating system.
28. A data processing system as claimed in any of claims 25 to 27 wherein the network data transmission function is at user level.
29. A data processing system as claimed in any of claims 25 to 28 wherein the first network routing table comprises data enabling routing using address resolution protocol.
30. A data processing system as claimed in any of claims 25 to 29 wherein the first network routing table comprises data enabling routing using transmission control protocol and/or user datagram protocol.
31. A data processing system as claimed in any of claims 25 to 30 wherein the operating system is arranged to signal to the transmission support function when data stored in the first network routing table is updated.
32. A data processing system as claimed in any of claims 25 to 31 wherein the transmission support function is arranged to check the first network routing table for updates.
111
33. A data processing system as claimed in any of claims 25 to 32 wherein the network data transmission function is arranged to read the copy network routing table by means of memory mapping.
34. A data processing system as claimed in claim 33 wherein the memory mapping is read only memory mapping.
35. A data processing system as claimed in any of claims 25 to 34 further comprising a network endpoint, wherein the system is arranged such that the network endpoint is unable to access the first network routing table directly.
36. A data processing system as claimed in any of claims 25 to 35 wherein the system has a counter and is arranged to maintain the counter by incrementing it each time a change is made to the first network routing table.
37. A data processing system as claimed in any of claims 25 to 36 wherein the operating system is arranged to transmit data using the first network routing table.
38. A data processing system as claimed in any of claims 25 to 37 wherein the network data transmission function is arranged to transmit the said data in accordance with the copy network routing table in the form of packets and to create packet headers for such packets based on information in the copy network routing table.
39. A data processing system as claimed in any of claims 25 to 38 wherein the operating system is arranged to delete entries from the first network routing table if they are unused.
40. A data processing system as claimed in claim 39 wherein the operating system is arranged to periodically delete, with a first frequency, unused entries from the first network routing table.
112
41. A data processing system as claimed in claim 39 or claim 40 wherein the network data transmission function is arranged to transmit to the operating system signals for causing the operating system to maintain entries in the network routing table.
42. A data processing system as claimed in claim 41 wherein the signals are dedicated messages for maintaining tables in the operating system.
43. A data processing system as claimed in claim 41 or claim 42 wherein the signals are address resolution protocol reinforce messages.
44. A data processing system as claimed in any of claims 41 to 43 wherein the signals are sent periodically with a second frequency.
45. A data processing system as claimed in claim 44 as dependent on claim 40 wherein the second frequency is greater than the first frequency.
46. Software for execution by a data processing system comprising: an operating system that stores a first network routing table comprising one or more entries each indicating at least part of a route over a network to a respective destination; the software defining: a transmission support function internal to the operating system arranged to maintain a copy of the first network routing table; and a network data transmission function arranged to transmit data in accordance with the copy network routing table and without accessing the first network routing table.
47. A data carrier carrying software as claimed in claim 46.
113
48. A data processing system arranged to control access by a plurality of processes to a region of shared memory, the data processing system being arranged to: prevent more than one process from concurrently accessing the region of shared memory; establish a data structure for holding items of a first type each comprising an indication of another of the plurality of processes, which is attempting to access the region of shared memory, and a definition of an operation on the region of shared memory; and on a process finishing accessing the region of shared memory, action an item in the data structure by performing the defined operation by other than the process indicated in that item.
49. A data processing system arranged to control access by a plurality of processes to a region of shared memory, the data processing system being arranged to: prevent more than one process from concurrently accessing the region of shared memory; establish a data structure for holding items of a first type each comprising an indication of another of the plurality of processes, which is attempting to access the region of shared memory, and a definition of an operation on the region of shared memory; and on a process becoming permitted to access the region of shared memory, action an item in the data structure by performing the defined operation by other than the process indicated in that item.
50. A data processing system as claimed in claim 48 or 49, wherein the data structure is a lockless data structure.
114
51. A data processing system as claimed in any of claims 48 to 50, wherein the said operation is one of: an operation for storing data in the region of shared memory; and an operation for transmitting data from the region of shared memory.
52. A data processing system as claimed in any of claims 48 to 50, wherein the data structure is further arranged to hold items of a second type each comprising an indication of another of the plurality of processes, which is attempting to access the region of shared memory, and an operation of waking the indicated process; the data processing system being further arranged to, on a process finishing accessing the region of shared memory, action an item in the data structure by waking the indicated process.
53. A data processing system as claimed in claim 52, wherein the items of the second type held in the data structure are accessible only by an operating system arranged to control the data processing system.
54. A data processing system as claimed in any of claims 48 to 53, wherein the data structure is stored in the region of shared memory.
55. A data processing system as claimed in any of claims 48 to 54 wherein the data structure is accessible by the operating system and at least some of the plurality of processes.
56. A data processing system as claimed in claim 55, wherein the content of the data structure can be modified by the operating system and at least some of the plurality of processes.
57. A data processing system as claimed in claim 54 or claim 55, wherein the data structure can be read by the operating system and at least some of the plurality of processes.
58. A data processing system as claimed in any of claims 48 to 57, wherein the data processing system is arranged to: on a process finishing accessing the region of
115 shared memory, action the next item in order in the data structure by: if the item is of the first type, performing the defined operations on the region of shared memory by an operating system of the data processing system.
59. A data processing system as claimed in any of claims 48 to 58, wherein the data processing system is arranged to: on a process finishing accessing the region of shared memory, action the next item in order in the data structure by: if the item is of the first type, performing the defined operations on the region of shared memory by another of the plurality of processes
60. A data processing system as claimed in claim 58 wherein the operating system is provided with application specific code for enabling the operating system to perform at least some of the defined operations.
61. A method for controlling access by a plurality of processes to a region of shared memory data in a data processing system, the method comprising: preventing more than one process from concurrently accessing the region of shared memory; establishing a data structure for holding items of a first type each comprising an indication of another of the plurality of processes, which is attempting to access the region of shared memory, and a definition of an operation on the region of shared memory; and on a process finishing accessing the region of shared memory, actioning an item in the data structure by performing the defined operation by other than the process indicated in that item.
62. A method for controlling access by a plurality of processes to a region of shared memory in a data processing system, the method comprising: preventing more than one process from concurrently accessing the region of shared memory; establishing a data structure for holding items of a first type each comprising an indication of another of the plurality of processes, which is attempting to access
116 the region of shared memory, and a definition of an operation on the region of shared memory; and on a process becoming permitted to access the region of shared memory, actioning an item in the data structure by performing the defined operation by other than the process indicated in that item.
63. A data processing system substantially as described in section C with reference to figures 10 to 12 of the accompanying drawings.
64. A method substantially as described in section C with reference to figures 10 to 12 of the accompanying drawings.
65. A data processing system comprising: an operating system for supporting processes, the operating system being arranged to output data by addressing the data to a descriptor corresponding to the intended destination of the data; an interface for interfacing between each process and the operating system; a memory including one or more address spaces, there being an address space corresponding to each of the processes for use by the respective process; and a data communication stack for one of the processes, the stack being located in the address space corresponding to the respective process and having a descriptor allocated to it; the interface being arranged to analyse requests to alter the allocation of a descriptor sent by the processes towards the operating system to identify whether such a request relates to altering the allocation of the descriptor allocated to the stack, and if it does, allocate a different descriptor to the stack and subsequently permit the request to be processed.
66. A data processing system according to claim 65 wherein the said request is a Dup2() system call.
67. A data processing system according to claim 65 or claim 66 wherein the changing of the descriptor allocated to the stack is carried out by means of a Dup2() system call.
68. A data processing system according to claim 67 wherein a failure of the changing of the descriptor by means of a Dup2() system call is reported to the said respective process as a failure of the said request.
69. A data processing system according to any of claims 65 to 68 wherein each process is associated with a corresponding stack.
118
70. A data processing system according to any of claims 65 to 69 wherein the descriptor allocated to the stack is flagged by the operating system as being allocated to a stack.
71. A data processing system according to any of claims 65 to 70 wherein the stack is implemented at user-level.
72. A data processing system according to any of claims 65 to 71 wherein the interface is a library.
73. A data processing system according to any of claims 65 to 72 wherein the interface is an application program interface.
74. An interface for a data processing system comprising an operating system for supporting processes, the operating system being arranged to output data by addressing the data to a descriptor corresponding to the intended destination of the data and a memory including one or more address spaces, there being an address space corresponding to each of the processes for use by the respective process, and a data communication stack for one of the processes, the stack being located in the address space corresponding to the respective process and having a descriptor allocated to it; the interface being for interfacing between each process and the operating system and being arranged to analyse requests to alter the allocation of a descriptor sent by the processes towards the operating system to identify whether such a request relates to altering the allocation of the descriptor allocated to the stack, and if it does, allocate a different descriptor to the stack and subsequently permit the request to be processed.
75. A data carrier storing program data defining an interface as claimed in claim 74.
76. A method for processing requests sent by processes in a data processing system comprising:
119 an operating system for supporting processes, the operating system being arranged to output data by addressing the data to a descriptor corresponding to the intended destination of the data; an interface for interfacing between each process and the operating system; a memory including one or more address spaces, there being an address space corresponding to each of the processes for use by the respective process; and a data communication stack for one of the processes, the stack being located in the address space corresponding to the respective process and having a descriptor allocated to it; the method comprising the steps of: analysing requests to alter the allocation of a descriptor sent by the processes towards the operating system to identify whether such a request relates to altering the allocation of the descriptor allocated to the stack; and if it does, allocating a different descriptor to the stack and subsequently permitting the request to be processed.
77. A data processing system substantially as described in section D with reference to figures 13 to 19 of the accompanying drawings.
78. An interface substantially as described in section D with reference to figures 13 to 19 of the accompanying drawings.
79. A data carrier storing program data defining an interface substantially as described in section D with reference to figures 13 to 19 of the accompanying drawings.
80. A method for processing requests sent by processes in a data processing system substantially as described in section D with reference to figures 13 to 19 of the accompanying drawings.
120
81. A method of compiling a data structure in a computer system, the computer system being arranged to perform protocol processing and transmit data via an interface on the basis of instructions in accordance with a route, the method comprising: receiving a first instruction including an indication of a descriptor; determining a route indicated by the first instruction; identifying an interface within the determined route; attempting to determine the ownership of the interface; and causing an entry to be made in the data structure, the entry including an identifier of the descriptor and a state of the descriptor, wherein the state represents the result of the said attempting step and is a state from a list including A and B, where:
A indicates ownership by a kernel of an operating system in the computer system; and
B indicates ownership by a user-level stack.
82. A method as claimed in claim 81 performed by a socket library in the computer system.
83. A method as claimed in claim 81 or claim 82 wherein the socket library contains a TCP/IP stack.
84. A method as claimed in any of claims 81 to 83 wherein the state is a state from a list that further includes C, where:
C indicates unknown ownership.
85. A method as claimed in any of claims 81 to 84 wherein the first instruction is a system call.
86. A method as claimed in any of claims 81 to 85 wherein the descriptor is a file descriptor.
121
87. A method as claimed in any of claims 81 to 86 wherein the determined ownership of the interface is taken to be the ownership of the descriptor.
88. A method as claimed in any of claims 81 to 87 wherein the step of attempting to determine the ownership of the interface includes accessing system-wide rules defining routes for transmitting data.
89. A method as claimed in any of claims 81 to 88 further comprising: receiving a second instruction including an indication of the said descriptor; accessing the data structure to determine the state of the descriptor; and routing the second instruction based on the determined state of the descriptor.
90. A method as claimed in claim 84 further comprising: receiving an indication that the ownership of the descriptor may have changed; and changing the entry in the data structure to indicate the state of the descriptor as C.
91. A method as claimed in claim 90 further comprising updating the state of the descriptor in the data structure by: receiving a third instruction including an indication of the descriptor; determining a route specified by the third instruction; identifying an interface within the determined route; attempting to determine the ownership of the interface; and based on the determined ownership of the interface, updating the said entry in the data structure to indicate the current ownership of the descriptor.
92. A data structure accessible by a socket library in a computer system, the data structure comprising one or more entries each including an identifier of a descriptor and a state of the descriptor, wherein the state represents the ownership of the descriptor and is a state from a list including A and B, where A indicates ownership by a kernel of an operating system in the computer system, and B indicates
122 ownership by a user-level stack; and wherein accessing the data structure can provide routing information relating to the descriptor.
93. A method of routing data in a computer system, the computer system being arranged to perform protocol processing and transmit data via an interface on the basis of instructions in accordance with a route, the method comprising: receiving a first instruction including an indication of a first descriptor; accessing a data structure storing, for each of one or more descriptors, an identifier of the descriptor and a state of the descriptor, wherein the state represents the ownership of the descriptor and is a state from a list including A and B, where A indicates ownership by a kernel of an operating system in the computer system, and B indicates ownership by a user-level stack; determining the state of the first descriptor; in accordance with the determined state, determining a route; and transmitting the first instruction in accordance with the determined route.
94. A method as claimed in claim 93 performed by a socket library in the computer system.
95. A method as claimed in claim 93 wherein the data structure is stored at the socket library.
96. A method as claimed in any of claims 93 to 95 wherein the state is a state from a list that further includes C, where:
C indicates unknown ownership.
97. A method as claimed in any of claims 93 to 96 wherein the first instruction is a system call.
98. A method as claimed in any of claims 93 to 97 wherein the descriptor is a file descriptor.
123
99. A method as claimed in any of claims 93 to 98 wherein the determined ownership of the interface is taken to be the ownership of the descriptor.
100. A program for programming a computer system to compile a data structure, the computer system being arranged to perform protocol processing and transmit data via an interface on the basis of instructions in accordance with a route, the program being arranged to cause the computer system to compile the data structure by a method comprising: receiving a first instruction including an indication of a descriptor; determining a route indicated by the first instruction; identifying an interface within the determined route; attempting to determine the ownership of the interface; and causing an entry to be made in the data structure, the entry including an identifier of the descriptor and a state of the descriptor, wherein the state represents the result of the said attempting step and is a state from a list including A and B, where:
A indicates ownership by a kernel of an operating system in the computer system; and
B indicates ownership by a user-level stack.
101. A computer system programmed with a program as claimed in claim 100.
102. A data carrier carrying a program as claimed in claim 100.
124
PCT/GB2006/000852 2005-03-10 2006-03-10 Data processing system WO2006095184A2 (en)

Priority Applications (12)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP06710062.8A EP1861778B1 (en) 2005-03-10 2006-03-10 Data processing system
EP17167635.6A EP3217285B1 (en) 2005-03-10 2006-03-10 Transmitting data
US11/900,377 US8650569B2 (en) 2005-03-10 2007-09-10 User-level re-initialization instruction interception
US11/982,148 US8782642B2 (en) 2005-03-15 2007-10-31 Data processing system with data transmit capability
US11/982,108 US7844782B2 (en) 2005-03-10 2007-10-31 Data processing system with memory access
US11/982,109 US8868780B2 (en) 2005-03-30 2007-10-31 Data processing system with routing tables
US11/982,110 US8006252B2 (en) 2005-03-15 2007-10-31 Data processing system with intercepting instructions
US13/186,672 US8533740B2 (en) 2005-03-15 2011-07-20 Data processing system with intercepting instructions
US14/151,642 US9063771B2 (en) 2005-03-10 2014-01-09 User-level re-initialization instruction interception
US14/321,201 US9552225B2 (en) 2005-03-15 2014-07-01 Data processing system with data transmit capability
US14/519,065 US9729436B2 (en) 2005-03-30 2014-10-20 Data processing system with routing tables
US15/247,696 US10397103B2 (en) 2005-03-30 2016-08-25 Data processing system with routing tables

Applications Claiming Priority (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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US20140130060A1 (en) 2014-05-08
EP1861778B1 (en) 2017-06-21
WO2006095184A2 (en) 2006-09-14
US9063771B2 (en) 2015-06-23
US20080072236A1 (en) 2008-03-20
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WO2006095184A3 (en) 2007-05-10
EP3217285A1 (en) 2017-09-13

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