WO2003019522A1 - Automatically scrolling handwritten input user interface for personal digital assistants and the like - Google Patents
Automatically scrolling handwritten input user interface for personal digital assistants and the like Download PDFInfo
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- WO2003019522A1 WO2003019522A1 PCT/US2002/022179 US0222179W WO03019522A1 WO 2003019522 A1 WO2003019522 A1 WO 2003019522A1 US 0222179 W US0222179 W US 0222179W WO 03019522 A1 WO03019522 A1 WO 03019522A1
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- Prior art keywords
- screen
- input
- handwritten
- program code
- readable program
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
- G06F3/0487—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser
- G06F3/0488—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser using a touch-screen or digitiser, e.g. input of commands through traced gestures
- G06F3/04883—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser using a touch-screen or digitiser, e.g. input of commands through traced gestures for inputting data by handwriting, e.g. gesture or text
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
- G06F3/0484—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] for the control of specific functions or operations, e.g. selecting or manipulating an object, an image or a displayed text element, setting a parameter value or selecting a range
- G06F3/0485—Scrolling or panning
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
- G06F3/0487—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser
- G06F3/0488—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser using a touch-screen or digitiser, e.g. input of commands through traced gestures
- G06F3/04886—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser using a touch-screen or digitiser, e.g. input of commands through traced gestures by partitioning the display area of the touch-screen or the surface of the digitising tablet into independently controllable areas, e.g. virtual keyboards or menus
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
- G06V10/00—Arrangements for image or video recognition or understanding
- G06V10/98—Detection or correction of errors, e.g. by rescanning the pattern or by human intervention; Evaluation of the quality of the acquired patterns
- G06V10/987—Detection or correction of errors, e.g. by rescanning the pattern or by human intervention; Evaluation of the quality of the acquired patterns with the intervention of an operator
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06V—IMAGE OR VIDEO RECOGNITION OR UNDERSTANDING
- G06V30/00—Character recognition; Recognising digital ink; Document-oriented image-based pattern recognition
- G06V30/10—Character recognition
- G06V30/14—Image acquisition
- G06V30/142—Image acquisition using hand-held instruments; Constructional details of the instruments
- G06V30/1423—Image acquisition using hand-held instruments; Constructional details of the instruments the instrument generating sequences of position coordinates corresponding to handwriting
Definitions
- the present invention is related to U.S. Patent Application No. 09/901,878 (Attorney Docket No. LX00071) entitled "Handwriting Interface for Personal Digital Assistants and the Like" to Seni et al, assigned to the assignee of the present invention and filed July 9, 2001.
- the present invention is related to personal digital assistants (PDAs) and more particularly to a user input interface for a PDA or the like.
- PDAs personal digital assistants
- Portable computing devices such as what is normally referred to as a personal digital assistant (PDA) are increasing in popularity.
- PDA personal digital assistant
- a typical PDA is a limited function microcomputer provided with a pressure sensitive liquid crystal diode (LCD) display (a touch pad or a touch screen) for input and output (I/O).
- LCD liquid crystal diode
- I/O input and output
- PDAs are being adapted for wireless Internet communication, e.g., using a modem for e-mail and web browsing.
- a modem for e-mail and web browsing.
- text input PDAs are known that have a specialized stroke based alphabet interface, e.g., Graffiti ® , a selectable on-screen QWERTY keypad, or an expansion pack keyboard.
- Graffiti ® a selectable on-screen QWERTY keypad
- expansion pack keyboard e.g., Graffiti ®
- Typical prior art handwriting recognition software may require users to learn special characters or effect a handwriting style in order to enter text.
- Text input using the Graffiti ® unistroke (i.e., written with a single pen trace) alphabet can be unnatural because it requires users to adhere to strict rules that restrict character shapes; text input using an on-screen QWERTY keypad is somewhat clumsy because only small reductions in size can be made to keyboards before they become awkward to use.
- An expansion keyboard is impractical for on-the-go input. With either, the tapping on individual characters or the typing is less desirable than being able to handwrite notes or messages. Meanwhile, the demand for PDA information exchange, e-mail and internet access requires entry and retrieval of increasing amounts of data with the handheld device.
- Handwriting recognition (HWR) programs capable of dealing with natural (i.e., unrestricted in style) handwritten input are being developed to add to function and usefulness to PDAs and are crucial to the growth of mobile computing in the communications field.
- Handwriting recognition software such as Transcriber (formerly known as CalliGrapher) from Microsoft Corp., allows the user to write anywhere on the screen, including on top of any displayed application and system elements. After a time-out period following a pen-lift, the digital ink is removed from the screen and then recognized, the recognition results are then displayed on the screen as ASCII text, and the next sentence or string of words can be handwritten on the screen.
- write-anywhere user interfaces For small screen sized devices such as of PDAs, what are typically referred to as write-anywhere user interfaces, such as used by Transcriber, allow users to write two or three lines at a time at most, with at best two or three words each, which limits entry and prevents continuous uninterrupted longhand entry. Further, these write-anywhere interfaces are problematic because it is difficult to differentiate whether the stylus is acting as a pointer, for clicking on application icons and the like, or an inking instrument for text entry.
- a common solution involves an un-natural "tap and hold" scheme wherein the pen has to be maintained down without dragging it for a certain amount of time in order to get the stylus to act temporarily as a mouse. This can lead to text input errors and the attendant aggravation and input delays caused by such errors.
- Figures 1 A&B are plan views of a handheld device in a preferred form of the invention showing a graphical handwriting user interface having a scrolling text input screen area;
- Figure 2 is another example of a preferred embodiment handheld device including a pop-up list word recognition choices;
- Figure 3 shows an example of a state diagram of the preferred embodiment FfJUI
- Figure 4 is an example of a flow diagram for receiving continuous handwritten input according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- the present invention is a method of interfacing with, and a handwritten input user interface (HIUI) for, small (shirt-pocket sized) portable devices with a touch-enabled input/output (I/O) screen, such as are commonly known as personal digital assistants (PDAs).
- HIUI handwritten input user interface
- small portable devices with a touch-enabled input/output (I/O) screen
- PDAs personal digital assistants
- the I/O screen includes a handwritten input I/O screen area that behaves as a "treadmill,” receiving streams of handwritten input strokes and immediately displaying a duplicate of each stroke as digital ink therebeneath, while simultaneously moving digital ink strokes from right to left as the user handwrites text on what appears to be a virtual "ticker-tape.”
- the user is presented with illusion of never running out of writing space.
- the streaming speed of the treadmill or ticker tape I/O automatically adapts to writing speed in a natural way such that the entry point remains, roughly, at the same horizontal location during each handwritten entry.
- the present interface speeds throughput.
- a user is not required to wait for more screen space after the screen is filled because clear screen space is continuously made available by the scrolling action provided in the screen input area.
- the portable devices may be capable of wireless message transmission (such as for web browsing and/or e-mail).
- the user interface of the present invention is typically in software and loaded into PDA storage.
- a state of the art handwriting recognition engine also is included in software.
- the handwriting user interface of the present invention enhances the usability, flexibility and power of the handheld device in which it is installed.
- An entire message may be quickly handwritten, converted to text as it is written, stored and then, transmitted, for example.
- Handwritten entries may be made continuously in a designated input area on the touch screen. The preferred location of the input area is the lower portion of the screen, so as to only partially block view of any application currently running on the device.
- Handwritten text is continuously entered onto a virtual ticker-tape in the input area, using a stylus and requiring minimal horizontal stylus deflection during entry. If recognition is included, the recognition engine demarcates word boundaries to identify individual words within the input stream as well as provide word recognition.
- Recognition results can be displayed in the normal display area of the screen above the input area and the input area scrolls automatically, behaving as treadmill, or ticker tape moving from right to left automatically adapting to writing speed.
- Continuous or continuously is used herein with respect to handwritten input to mean that pauses are not required between words, i.e., without requiring the user to stop after each word during entry.
- the user may stop or pause as the user desires, but this is irrespective of and in no way restrictive of the present invention.
- a user may continuously write (enter) a phrase, a sentence, a paragraph, a page, a book (as long as the input device has enough memory) or any combination thereof, free from pauses that might otherwise be artificially imposed by system constraints.
- Figures 1 A-B are an example of a preferred embodiment handheld device 100 with a graphical handwriting user interface 102 according to preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- a lower portion of the display is the designated handwriting input area 104 with the area 105 thereabove used for displaying the recognized text that is input in area 104, as well as for other features of the various applications the device incorporates.
- Action icons 106, 108, 110, 112 and 114 are disposed at a right side of the handwriting user interface 102. Recognized text is displayed in the screen area 105 between a file management tool bar 116 and the handwriting input area 104.
- a scroll bar 118 is disposed at the right side of the interface display 112.
- a vertical word separator line 120 (a word demarcation for signaling the end of one word and the beginning of a next word) may be selectively displayed.
- the current word is continued.
- a word break is indicated and a new word is begun. If the word separator line 120 is not used or included, word demarcation may be done, simply, by one or more spaces or other special characters, intentionally or implicitly inserted between a current word and a next word.
- the digital ink trails off to the left on the virtual ticker tape, as can be seen in Figure IB. Accordingly, when the user has finished writing the characters such as those in the illustrated word "happy,” it will be shifted so that it gradually is removed from the input area 104 as by trailing off, e.g., off from the right to the left side. Also, the word separator line 120, if included and used, likewise trails off to the left edge of the input area 104 and remains there until entry resumes for the next word, "words" in this example.
- the current word may still trail off with a next word begun by allowing a sufficient gap between the current word and the new entry such that the gap is recognized as a space.
- a special character or a special space character may be included to signify a word break.
- the device 100 may also include an expansion port 124 or an expansion port function may be provided wirelessly through antenna 122.
- the device 100 runs under a state of the art operating system for such handheld devices, e.g. Windows® CE from Microsoft Corporation, Epoc® from Symbian or the Palm OS® from Palm, Inc.
- the preferred embodiment FfJUI of the present invention may be employed with a handwriting recognition engine capable of recognizing handwritten text, continuously input using any combination of writing styles.
- the user is not restricted to cursive entry, nor is each entry delineated by a pause or by a time out between entries.
- Handwritten input may be provided in cursive (i.e., contiguous characters in each entry touching or connected), pure print (i.e., characters in every entry disconnected and not touching), pseudo-print (at most, pairs of characters in entries touch) or any combination thereof.
- the recognition engine is the QuickPrintProTM engine from Motorola, Inc., Lexicus Division.
- the recognition engine includes a main dictionary and may also include a user dictionary to which the user may add words to supplement the main dictionary.
- the recognition engine automatically separates or brackets each word as it is entered, using spaces, special characters or word separator line 120 to bracket individual separate words.
- the recognition engine takes each individual word on the fly, and compares that handwritten input word against all words contained in the main dictionary and the user dictionary.
- a probability score is generated by the recognition engine for each dictionary word which is indicative of the likelihood that the handwritten entry matches that particular dictionary word. Based on each word's probability score, a list of likely matches is collected.
- the recognizer is invoked to buffer or recognize the ink. That is, the recognizer may, or may not, return a result at that time.
- the recognition engine is requested to process any buffered ink for which no recognition result has been returned.
- Figure 2 is another example of a preferred embodiment handheld device 126 including a pop-up list 128 of recognition choices.
- the pop-up list 128 is available on "demand" ⁇ that is, if the user selects a word in the text buffer (such as a word corresponding to one of m previous recognition results for which a list of possible secondary results still remains).
- the pop-up list 128 is available only when both the application receiving the input is running in the foreground and the recognition engine is tightly coupled to it. From the list of recognition results, the handwriting recognition engine calculates a confidence level for the one word (the primary word) with the highest probability.
- That confidence level exceeds a preselected or confidence threshold, it is taken as an indication that the word with the highest probability is in fact correct and the highest scoring word is displayed as the primary word choice. All other results are referred to as secondary word choices and may be included in the pop-up list 128. Every recognition result is provided with a list of a primary word, if any, and secondary word choices that are made available for the receiving application to show upon user request, e.g., by selecting a displayed recognition result. So, if the confidence level is above the preselected threshold, the HUI automatically loads a primary word choice into the device's input buffer for delivery to the active application. Otherwise, when the confidence level of the primary word choice is below the confidence threshold, an indication is provided that the recognition engine cannot find a likely candidate, e.g., by loading "???" or something similar into the device's input buffer for delivery to the active application.
- Figure 3 is an example of a state diagram 130 of the preferred embodiment user interface which includes several individual objects or functions and may be implemented in any suitable programming language, such as tool command language (tcl) for example.
- a main ink area object is included, state 132, to handle ink collection and display collected results in the input window from other independent functions.
- state 134 to handle ink collection and display collected results in the input window from other independent functions.
- state 134 to handle ink collection and display collected results in the input window from other independent functions.
- inking begins.
- state 136 ink is added to the screen and the I/O screen 104 scrolls automatically in state 138.
- the scrolling speed is checked and set in state 140. If the stylus is raised, state 142, a pause is initiated at wait state 144.
- the HUI may simply buffer the ink and wait for additional ink to arrive.
- an ink area object which creates a virtual canvas in the PDA screen for digital ink input, display and text recognition.
- the ink area object includes numerous functional objects, each providing a function for inking input/display/recognition.
- An initialization functional object initializes the inking area and inking area variables.
- a timer functional object provides a timing function for timing delays between beginning strokes and ending text entries for example.
- a scrolling object sets the scroll rate for the ticker tape type ink display.
- a vertical marking object locates a stylus marker within the inking area.
- Ink width can be varied with a set ink width object.
- a deletion object is included to provide, for example, a back space function. Ink strokes are added to the display by an add ink point object.
- button-type control and commands are provided by button function objects such as, a button down, button up or a button motion function.
- a button timeout object determines if a button function response was missed or is delayed beyond a reasonable amount of time.
- a clear ink object and a word delete object allow a user to restart inking on an entry, for example.
- a recognition object may be included, as described above, to alphanumerically convert handwritten entries in the input area to text and display the text.
- a scrolling animation object controls auto-scrolling in inking the area, i.e., scrolling start and stop as well as initialization. Also, the scrolling animation object determines whether or not pairs of individual input entries are separated by a space.
- Figure 4 is an example of a flow diagram 150 for receiving continuous handwritten input according to the preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- step 152 the user provides handwritten input, writing in the handwritten input area and in step 154, as the user enters that handwritten input, digital ink is displayed in the handwritten input area.
- step 156 the user stroke rate is determined and the step 158 the scroll rate is matched to the stroke rate.
- step 160 the end of word separator, e.g., end of word separator line 120, is checked and if an end of word is found, then if word recognition is included, word recognition begins in step 162.
- an end of word may be recognized by the end of a current entry scrolling past the edge of the input field, giving the illusion of the "ink falling off of the screen" followed by sufficient passage of time, i.e., by insertion of a blank character after the word.
- step 164 the recognition results from word recognition are displayed in the display area of the screen. Regardless of whether an end of word is found in step 160, handwritten input may continue in step 152.
- the I O screen of the preferred embodiment provides a handwritten input I/O screen area that behaves as a "treadmill,” capable of receiving continuous handwritten input strokes and immediately displaying a duplicate of each stroke as digital ink therebeneath, automatically scrolling from right to left as the user handwrites entries on what appears to be a virtual "ticker-tape.”
- the user is presented with illusion of endless writing space.
- the streaming speed of the I/O treadmill or ticker tape automatically adapts to user's writing speed in a natural way.
Abstract
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US09/938,319 US6661409B2 (en) | 2001-08-22 | 2001-08-22 | Automatically scrolling handwritten input user interface for personal digital assistants and the like |
US09/938,319 | 2001-08-22 |
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WO2003019522A1 true WO2003019522A1 (en) | 2003-03-06 |
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PCT/US2002/022179 WO2003019522A1 (en) | 2001-08-22 | 2002-07-13 | Automatically scrolling handwritten input user interface for personal digital assistants and the like |
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