US20160379221A1 - System and method for selecting load options for use in radio frequency identification in contact and contactless transactions - Google Patents
System and method for selecting load options for use in radio frequency identification in contact and contactless transactions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US20160379221A1 US20160379221A1 US15/257,262 US201615257262A US2016379221A1 US 20160379221 A1 US20160379221 A1 US 20160379221A1 US 201615257262 A US201615257262 A US 201615257262A US 2016379221 A1 US2016379221 A1 US 2016379221A1
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- fob
- biometric
- transaction
- rfid reader
- data
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
- G06Q20/38—Payment protocols; Details thereof
- G06Q20/40—Authorisation, e.g. identification of payer or payee, verification of customer or shop credentials; Review and approval of payers, e.g. check credit lines or negative lists
- G06Q20/401—Transaction verification
- G06Q20/4014—Identity check for transactions
- G06Q20/40145—Biometric identity checks
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
- G06Q20/04—Payment circuits
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
- G06Q20/08—Payment architectures
- G06Q20/14—Payment architectures specially adapted for billing systems
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
- G06Q20/08—Payment architectures
- G06Q20/20—Point-of-sale [POS] network systems
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
- G06Q20/30—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks
- G06Q20/32—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks using wireless devices
- G06Q20/327—Short range or proximity payments by means of M-devices
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06Q—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES; SYSTEMS OR METHODS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR ADMINISTRATIVE, COMMERCIAL, FINANCIAL, MANAGERIAL OR SUPERVISORY PURPOSES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G06Q20/00—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols
- G06Q20/30—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks
- G06Q20/32—Payment architectures, schemes or protocols characterised by the use of specific devices or networks using wireless devices
- G06Q20/327—Short range or proximity payments by means of M-devices
- G06Q20/3278—RFID or NFC payments by means of M-devices
-
- G07C9/00087—
-
- G07C9/00111—
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
- G07C9/20—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass
- G07C9/22—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass in combination with an identity check of the pass holder
- G07C9/25—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass in combination with an identity check of the pass holder using biometric data, e.g. fingerprints, iris scans or voice recognition
- G07C9/257—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass in combination with an identity check of the pass holder using biometric data, e.g. fingerprints, iris scans or voice recognition electronically
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
- G07C9/20—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass
- G07C9/28—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass the pass enabling tracking or indicating presence
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
- G07C9/20—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass
- G07C9/29—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass the pass containing active electronic elements, e.g. smartcards
-
- G07C2009/00095—
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
- G07C9/20—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass
- G07C9/22—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass in combination with an identity check of the pass holder
- G07C9/25—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass in combination with an identity check of the pass holder using biometric data, e.g. fingerprints, iris scans or voice recognition
- G07C9/26—Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass in combination with an identity check of the pass holder using biometric data, e.g. fingerprints, iris scans or voice recognition using a biometric sensor integrated in the pass
Definitions
- This invention generally relates to a system and method for completing a transaction, and more particularly, to determining the loading criteria for a funding source associated with a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) device used in completing a financial transaction.
- RFID Radio Frequency Identification
- RFID is a contactless information acquisition technology.
- RFID systems are wireless, and are usually extremely effective in hostile environments where conventional acquisition methods fail.
- RFID has established itself in a wide range of markets, such as, for example, the high-speed reading of railway containers, tracking moving objects such as livestock or automobiles, and retail inventory applications. As such, RFID technology has become a primary focus in automated data collection, identification and analysis systems worldwide.
- a typical fob includes a transponder and is ordinarily a self-contained device which may be contained on any portable form factor.
- a battery may be included with the fob to power the transponder.
- the internal circuitry of the fob may draw its operating power from the battery power source.
- the fob may exist independently of an internal power source. In this instance the internal circuitry of the fob (including the transponder) may gain its operating power directly from an RF interrogation signal.
- the fob In the conventional fob powering technologies used, the fob is typically activated upon presenting the fob in an interrogation signal.
- the fob may be activated irrespective of whether the user desires such activation. Inadvertent presentation of the fob may result in initiation and completion of an unwanted transaction.
- a fob system is needed which allows the fob user to control activation of the fob to limit transactions being undesirably completed.
- conventional fobs are limited in that they must be used in proximity to the Point of Sale device. That is, for fob activation, conventional fobs must be positioned within the area of transmission cast by the RF interrogation signal. More particularly, conventional fobs are not affective for use in situations where the user wishes to conduct a transaction at a point of interaction such as a computer interface.
- a network e.g., the Internet
- Existing transponder-reader payment systems are also limited in that the conventional fob used in the systems is only responsive to one interrogation signal. Where multiple interrogation signals are used, the fob is only responsive to the interrogation signal to which it is configured. Thus, if the RFID reader of the system provides only an interrogation signal to which the fob is incompatible, the fob will not be properly activated.
- transponder-reader payment systems are additionally limited in that the payment systems are typically linked to a funding source with a predetermined spending limit. Thus no flexibility is provided in instances where the payment is requested which exceeds the predetermined spending limit. This is typically true since traditional methods for processing a requested transaction involve comparing the transaction to the spending limit or to an amount stored in a preloaded value data file prior to providing transaction authorization to a merchant.
- a system which processes transponder-reader payment requests without comparing the amount of the request to the amount available from the transponder-reader payment system funding source or associated fob account data file.
- transponder-reader systems do not permit the user to manage the system user account data. This is extremely problematic where the user wishes to change a transponder-reader system funding source to a source which provides more available spending room, or where changes are made to user's status (e.g., change in address, phone number, email, etc.) for which the transponder-reader account provider wishes to readily update the user's account.
- transponder-reader systems do not permit means for automatically incenting the use of the fob associated with the system as opposed to the credit or charge card associated with the fob. That is, conventional transponder-reader systems do not provide a means for encouraging usage of the transponder reader system by encouraging use of the fob product since the present systems do not distinguish between usage of a system transponder and a charge or credit card account associated with the transponder.
- a fob may be linked to a specified funding source (e.g., American Express, MasterCard, Visa, etc.) which may be used to provide funds for satisfaction of a transaction request.
- the funding source may additionally have a consumer credit or charge card which may be associated with the fob and which may be used for contact transactions.
- a statement reporting the card usage is provided to the card user.
- the reporting statement does not include a reporting of the fob product usage.
- a fob user is unable to chart, analyze or compare fob usage to the usage of the associated card. This is especially problematic where the funding source is used by more than one entity (e.g., spouses, multiple company personnel, etc.) where one entity may use the fob and a separate entity may use the card associated with the fob.
- the transponder-reader payment system described herein may include a RFID reader operable to provide a RF interrogation signal for powering a transponder system, receiving a transponder system RF signal, and providing transponder system account data relative to the transponder system RF signal.
- the transponder-reader payment system may include a RFID protocol/sequence controller in electrical communication with one or more interrogators for providing an interrogation signal to a transponder, a RFID authentication circuit for authenticating the signal received from the transponder, a serial or parallel interface for interfacing with a point of interaction device, and an USB or serial interface for use in personalizing the RFID reader and/or the transponder.
- the transponder-reader payment system may further include a fob including one or more transponders (e.g., modules) responsive to one or more interrogation signals and for providing an authentication signal for verifying that the transponder and/or the RFID reader are authorized to operate within the transponder-reader payment system. In this way, the fob may be responsive to multiple interrogation signals provided at different frequencies. Further, the fob may include a USB or serial interface for use with a computer network or with the RFID reader.
- the RFID system and method according to the present invention may include a transponder which may be embodied in a fob, tag, card or any other form factor (e.g., wristwatch, keychain, cell phone, etc.), which may be capable of being presented for interrogation.
- a transponder which may be embodied in a fob, tag, card or any other form factor (e.g., wristwatch, keychain, cell phone, etc.), which may be capable of being presented for interrogation.
- the transponder is described herein as embodied in a fob, the invention is not so limited.
- the system may further include a RFID reader configured to send a standing RFID recognition signal which may be transmitted from the RFID reader via radio frequency (or electromagnetic) propagation.
- the fob may be placed within proximity to the RFID reader such that the RFID signal may interrogate the fob and initialize fob identification procedures.
- the fob and the RFID reader may engage in mutual authentication.
- the RFID reader may identify the fob as including an authorized system transponder for receiving encrypted information and storing the information on the fob memory.
- the fob upon interrogation by the RFID reader, may identify the RFID reader as authorized to receive the encrypted and stored information.
- the fob may transmit to the RFID reader certain information identifying the transaction account or accounts to which the fob is associated.
- the RFID reader may receive the information and forward the information to facilitate the completion of a transaction.
- the RFID reader may forward the information to a point of interaction device (e.g., POS or computer interface) for transaction completion.
- POS point of interaction device
- the fob includes means for completing transactions via a computer interface.
- the fob may be connected to the computer using a USB or serial interface fob account information may be transferred to the computer for use in completing a transaction via a network (e.g., the Internet).
- a network e.g., the Internet
- a system which incents usage of the transponder-reader system transponder (e.g., fob).
- the system distinguishes between the usage of a fob and the usage of a charge or credit card sharing the same funding source as the fob.
- the system may provide reward points to the user based on criteria predetermined by the issuer.
- the present invention recognizes when the associated fob preloaded value data file is loaded or reloaded with funds. The invention then may provide reward points based on the criteria associated with the loading or reloading action. Further, the system according to this invention may incent patronage of a merchant.
- the system may receive a fob transaction request and incent the fob user based on a marker or other identifying indicia correlated with the merchant.
- the marker may be included in the transaction identification, in a merchant identification provided with the transaction, or a combination of both.
- a system which permits the user to manage the account associated with the fob.
- the user is provided limited access to the fob account information stored on the account provider database for updating, for example, demographic information, account funding source, and/or account restrictions (e.g., spending limits, personal identification number, etc.).
- Access to the account may be provided to the user telephonically or via a network (e.g., online).
- a system permitting fob user access to manage the fob account permits the user to indicate loading, preloading and reloading value amounts for a preloaded data file or funding account.
- the fob user may be permitted access to a fob account provider (e.g. “issuer”) database for identifying a reload protocol which would indicate an initial amount for a preloaded funding source, the funding source from which to reload, the reloading frequency, whether reloading should be automatic or manual, and a decision flow for reloading based on merchant, type of transaction, or the like.
- the preloaded funding source may be any funding source associated with the fob, which contains value stored in a preloaded value data file redeemable during a merchant transaction request.
- the value amount contained in the preloaded value data file may be balanced against a merchant transaction request and depleted according to the transaction request. Consequently, the preloaded value data file may become depleted where the total value of the transaction request is equal to the value stored in the preloaded value data file.
- the system permits the fob user to automatically or manually reload the preloaded value data file to a specified value according to a predetermined criteria.
- the fob user may be permitted to access fob account information maintained on a issuer system (or access any other system which can facilitate access or changes), and establish on the issuer system a load/reload protocol for the fob account.
- the fob user may define that the fob preloaded value data file (e.g., “preload account”) may be loaded or reloaded according to a pre-identified merchant or class of transactions, etc.
- the fob user may be notified that a particular merchant transaction involves loading or that a merchant requests a particular funding source. Such notification may be in real-time, and the fob user may be permitted to indicate reloading of the preloaded value data file prior to completion of a transaction.
- the present invention provides methods for processing a transaction request whereby the amount of the transaction request may be approved prior to requesting funding from the funding source and/or verifying that the amount for completing the transaction is available. In this way, the transaction may be approved provided the transaction and/or account meets certain predetermined authorization criteria. Once the criteria is met, the transaction is authorized and authorization is provided to the requesting agent (e.g., merchant). In one instance the payment for the transaction is requested from the funding source simultaneously to, or immediately following, the providing of the authorization to the merchant. In another instance the payment for transactions is requested at a time period later than when the authorization is provided to the merchant.
- the requesting agent e.g., merchant
- FIG. 1A illustrates an exemplary RFID-based system in accordance with the present invention, wherein exemplary components used for fob transaction completion are depicted;
- FIG. 1B illustrates an exemplary personalization system in accordance with the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary fob in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary RFID reader in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is an exemplary flow diagram of an exemplary authentication process in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is an exemplary flow diagram of an exemplary decision process for a protocol/sequence controller in accordance with the present invention
- FIGS. 6A-B are an exemplary flow diagram of a fob personalization process in accordance with the present invention.
- FIGS. 7A-B are an exemplary flow diagram of a RFID reader personalization process in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a flow diagram of an exemplary payment/transaction process in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is another schematic illustration of an exemplary fob in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a depiction of an exemplary preloaded fob payment/transaction process in accordance with the present invention.
- FIGS. 11A-B are a depiction of an exemplary preloaded fob account reload process in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 12 is a depiction of an exemplary Direct Link payment/transaction process in accordance with the present invention.
- FIG. 13 is a depiction of another exemplary payment/transaction process in accordance with the present invention.
- the present invention may be described herein in terms of functional block components, screen shots, optional selections and various processing steps. Such functional blocks may be realized by any number of hardware and/or software components configured to perform to specified functions.
- the present invention may employ various integrated circuit components, e.g., memory elements, processing elements, logic elements, look-up tables, and the like, which may carry out a variety of functions under the control of one or more microprocessors or other control devices.
- the software elements of the present invention may be implemented with any programming or scripting language such as C, C++, Java, COBOL, assembler, PERL, extensible markup language (XML), JavaCard and MULTOS with the various algorithms being implemented with any combination of data structures, objects, processes, routines or other programming elements.
- the present invention may employ any number of conventional techniques for data transmission, signaling, data processing, network control, and the like.
- the exemplary network disclosed herein may include any system for exchanging data or transacting business, such as the internet, an intranet, an extranet, WAN, LAN, satellite communications, and/or the like. It is noted that the network may be implemented as other types of networks, such as an interactive television network (ITN).
- ITN interactive television network
- the system user may interact with the system via any input device such as, a keypad, keyboard, mouse, kiosk, personal digital assistant, handheld computer (e.g., Palm Pilot®, Blueberry®), cellular phone and/or the like.
- any input device such as, a keypad, keyboard, mouse, kiosk, personal digital assistant, handheld computer (e.g., Palm Pilot®, Blueberry®), cellular phone and/or the like.
- the invention could be used in conjunction with any type of personal computer, network computer, work station, minicomputer, mainframe, or the like running any operating system such as any version of Windows, Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows 98, Windows 95, MacOS, OS/2, BeOS, Linux, UNIX, Solaris or the like.
- the invention may frequently be described as being implemented with TCP/IP communications protocol, it should be understood that the invention could also be implemented using SNA, IPX, Appletalk, IPte, NetBIOS, OSI or any number of communications protocols.
- the system contemplates, the use, sale, or distribution of any goods, services or information over any network having similar functionality described herein.
- FIG. 1A illustrates an exemplary RFID transaction system 100 A in accordance with the present invention, wherein exemplary components for use in completing a fob transaction are depicted.
- the operation of system 100 A may begin when fob 102 is presented for payment, and is interrogated by RFID reader 104 or, alternatively, interface 134 .
- Fob 102 and RFID reader 104 may then engage in mutual authentication after which the transponder 102 may provide the transponder identification and/or account identifier to the RFID reader 104 which may further provide the information to the merchant system 130 POS device 110 .
- System 100 A may include a fob 102 having a transponder 114 and a RFID reader 104 in RF communication with fob 102 .
- system 100 may include any device having a transponder which is configured to communicate with a RFID reader 104 via RF communication.
- Typical devices may include, for example, a key ring, tag, card, cell phone, wristwatch or any such form capable of being presented for interrogation.
- the RFID reader 104 may be configured to communicate using a RFID internal antenna 106 .
- RFID reader 104 may include an external antenna 108 for communications with fob 102 , where the external antenna may be made remote to the RFID reader 104 using a suitable cable and/or data link 120 .
- RFID reader 104 may be further in communication with a merchant system 130 via a data link 122 .
- the system 100 A may include a transaction completion system including a point of interaction device such as, for example, a merchant point of sale (POS) device 110 or a computer interface (e.g., user interface) 134 .
- the transaction completion system may include a merchant system 130 including the POS device 110 in communication with a RFID reader 104 (via data link 122 ).
- the transaction completion system may include the user interface 134 connected to a network 136 and to the transponder via a USB connector 132 .
- POS device 110 may be in further communication with a customer interface 118 (via data link 128 ) for entering at least a customer identity verification information.
- POS device 110 may be in communication with a merchant host network 112 (via data link 124 ) for processing any transaction request.
- information provided by RFID reader 104 is provided to the POS device 110 of merchant system 130 via data link 122 .
- the POS device 110 may receive the information (and alternatively may receive any identity verifying information from customer interface 118 via data link 128 ) and provide the information to host system 112 for processing.
- data links 120 , 122 , 124 , and 128 may be an Internet Service Provider (ISP) configured to facilitate communications over a local loop as is typically used in connection with standard modern communication, cable modem, dish networks, ISDN, Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL), or any wireless communication media.
- ISP Internet Service Provider
- the merchant system 130 including the POS device 110 and host network 112 may reside on a local area network which interfaces to a remote network (not shown) for remote authorization of an intended transaction.
- the merchant system 130 may communicate with the remote network via a leased line, such as a T1, D3 line, or the like.
- Such communications lines are described in a variety of texts, such as, “Understanding Data Communications,” by Gilbert Held, which is incorporated herein by reference.
- An account number may include any identifier for an account (e.g., credit, charge debit, checking, savings, reward, loyalty, or the like) which may be maintained by a transaction account provider (e.g., payment authorization center) and which may be used to complete a financial transaction.
- a typical account number (e.g., account data) may be correlated to a credit or debit account, loyalty account, or rewards account maintained and serviced by such entities as American Express®, Visa® and/or MasterCard® or the like.
- the present invention may be described with respect to a credit account. However, it should be noted that the invention is not so limited and other accounts permitting an exchange of goods and services for an account data value is contemplated to be within the scope of the present invention.
- the account number (e.g., account data) may be associated with any device, code, or other identifier/indicia suitably configured to allow the consumer to interact or communicate with the system, such as, for example, authorization/access code, personal identification number (PIN), Internet code, digital certificate, biometric data, and/or other identification indicia.
- PIN personal identification number
- the account number may be optionally located on a rewards card, charge card, credit card, debit card, prepaid card, telephone card, smart card, magnetic stripe card, bar code card, and/or the like.
- the account number may be distributed and stored in any form of plastic, electronic, magnetic, and/or optical device capable of transmitting or downloading data to a second device.
- a customer account number may be, for example, a sixteen-digit credit card number, although each credit provider has its own numbering system, such as the fifteen-digit numbering system used by American Express®.
- Each company's credit card numbers comply with that company's standardized format such that the company using a sixteen-digit format will generally use four spaced sets of numbers, as represented by the number “0000 0000 0000 0000”.
- the first five to seven digits are reserved for processing purposes and identify the issuing bank, card type and, etc.
- the last sixteenth digit is used as a sum check for the sixteen-digit number.
- the intermediary eight-to-ten digits are used to uniquely identify the customer.
- the account number may include a unique fob serial number and user identification number, as well as specific application applets.
- the account number may be stored in fob 102 inside a database 214 , as described more fully below.
- Database 214 may be configured to store multiple account numbers issued to the fob 102 user by the same or different account providing institutions. Where the account data corresponds to a loyalty or rewards account, the database 214 may be configured to store the attendant loyalty or rewards points data.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of the many functional blocks of an exemplary fob 102 in accordance with the present invention.
- Fob 102 may be a RFID fob 102 which may be presented by the user to facilitate an exchange of funds or points, etc., for receipt of goods or services.
- the fob 102 may be a RFID fob which may be presented for facilitating payment for goods and/or services.
- Fob 102 may include an antenna 202 for receiving an interrogation signal from RFID reader 104 via antenna 106 (or alternatively, via external antenna 108 ).
- Fob antenna 202 may be in communication with a transponder 114 .
- transponder 114 may be a 13.56 MHz transponder compliant with the ISO/IEC 14443 standard, and antenna 202 may be of the 13 MHz variety.
- the transponder 114 may be in communication with a transponder compatible modulator/demodulator 206 configured to receive the signal from transponder 114 and configured to modulate the signal into a format readable by any later connected circuitry.
- modulator/demodulator 206 may be configured to format (e.g., demodulate) a signal received from the later connected circuitry in a format compatible with transponder 114 for transmitting to RFID reader 104 via antenna 202 .
- modulator/demodulator 206 may be ISO/IEC 14443-2 compliant.
- Modulator/demodulator 206 may be coupled to a protocol/sequence controller 208 for facilitating control of the authentication of the signal provided by RFID reader 104 , and for facilitating control of the sending of the fob 102 account number.
- protocol/sequence controller 208 may be any suitable digital or logic driven circuitry capable of facilitating determination of the sequence of operation for the fob 102 inner-circuitry.
- protocol/sequence controller 208 may be configured to determine whether the signal provided by the RFID reader 104 is authenticated, and thereby providing to the RFID reader 104 the account number stored on fob 102 .
- Protocol/sequence controller 208 may be further in communication with authentication circuitry 210 for facilitating authentication of the signal provided by RFID reader 104 .
- Authentication circuitry may be further in communication with a non-volatile secure memory database 212 .
- Secure memory database 212 may be any suitable elementary file system such as that defined by ISO/IEC 7816-4 or any other elementary file system allowing a lookup of data to be interpreted by the application on the chip.
- Database 212 may be any type of database, such as relational, hierarchical, object-oriented, and/or the like.
- Database 212 may be organized in any suitable manner, including as data tables or lookup tables. Association of certain data may be accomplished through any data association technique known and practiced in the art. For example, the association may be accomplished either manually or automatically. Automatic association techniques may include, for example, a database search, a database merge, GREP, AGREP, SQL, and/or the like. The association step may be accomplished by a database merge function, for example, using a “key field” in each of the manufacturer and retailer data tables.
- a “key field” partitions the database according to the high-level class of objects defined by the key field. For example, a certain class may be designated as a key field in both the first data table and the second data table, and the two data tables may then be merged on the basis of the class data in the key field.
- the data corresponding to the key field in each of the merged data tables is preferably the same.
- data tables having similar, though riot identical, data in the key fields may also be merged by using AGREP, for example.
- the data may be used by protocol/sequence controller 208 for data analysis and used for management and control purposes, as well as security purposes.
- Authentication circuitry may authenticate the signal provided by RFC reader 104 by association of the RFID signal to authentication keys stored on database 212 .
- Encryption circuitry may use keys stored on database 212 to perform encryption and/or decryption of signals sent to or from the RFID reader 104 .
- protocol/sequence controller 208 may be in communication with a database 214 for storing at least a fob 102 account data, and a unique fob 102 identification code. Protocol/sequence controller 208 may be configured to retrieve the account number from database 214 as desired. Database 214 may be of the same configuration as database 212 described above. The fob account data and/or unique fob identification code stored on database 214 may be encrypted prior to storage. Thus, where protocol/sequence controller 208 retrieves the account data, and or unique fob identification code from database 214 , the account number may be encrypted when being provided to RFID reader 104 . Further, the data stored on database 214 may include, for example, an unencrypted unique fob 102 identification code, a user identification, Track 1 and 2 data, as well as specific application applets.
- Fob 102 may be configured to respond to multiple interrogation frequency transmissions provided by RFID reader 104 . That is, as described more fully below, RFID reader 104 may provide more than one RF interrogation signal. In this case, fob 102 may be configured to respond to the multiple frequencies by including in fob 102 one or more additional RF signal receiving/transmitting units 226 .
- RF signal receiving/transmitting unit 226 may include an antenna 218 and transponder 220 where the antenna 218 and transponder 220 are compatible with at least one of the additional RF signals provided by RFID reader 104 .
- fob 102 may include a 134 KHz antenna 218 configured to communicate with a 134 KHz transponder 220 .
- an ISO/IEC 14443-2 compliant modulator/demodulator may not be required. Instead, the 134 KHz transponder may be configured to communicate directly with the protocol/sequence controller 208 for transmission and receipt of authentication and account number signals as described above.
- fob 102 may further include a universal serial bus (USB) connector 132 for interfacing fob 102 to a user interface 134 .
- User interface 134 may be further in communication with a POS device 110 via a network 136 .
- Network 136 may be the Internet, an intranet, or the like as is described above with respect to network 112 .
- the user interface 134 may be similar in construction to any conventional input devices and/or computing systems aforementioned for permitting the system user to interact with the system.
- fob 102 may be configured to facilitate online Internet payments.
- a USB converter 222 may be in communication with a USB connector 232 for facilitating the transfer of information between the modulator/demodulator 206 and USB connector 132 .
- USB converter 222 may be in communication with protocol/sequence controller 208 to facilitate the transfer of information between protocol/sequence controller 208 and USB connector 132 .
- fob 102 may be in communication with, for example, a USB port on user interface 134 .
- the information retrieved from fob 102 may be compatible with credit card and/or smart card technology enabling usage of interactive applications on the Internet. No RFID reader may be required in this embodiment since the connection to POS device 110 may be made using a USB port on user interface 134 and a network 136 .
- Fob 102 may include means for enabling activation of the fob by the user.
- a switch 230 which may be operated by the user of the fob 102 .
- the switch 230 on fob 102 may be used to selectively or inclusively activate the fob 102 for particular uses.
- the term “selectively” may mean that the switch 230 enables the user to place the fob 102 in a particular operational mode. For example, the user may place the fob 102 in a mode for enabling purchase of a good or of a service using a selected account number.
- the fob may be placed in a mode as such that the fob account number is provided by USB port 132 (or serial port) only and the fob transponder 114 is disabled.
- the term “inclusively” may mean that the fob 102 is placed in an operational mode permitting the fob 102 to be responsive to the RF interrogation and interrogation via the USB connector 132 .
- the switch 230 may remain in an OFF position ensuring that one or more applications or accounts associated with the fob 102 are non-reactive to any commands issued by RFID reader 104 .
- the OFF position may be termed the “normal” position of the activation switch 230 , although other normal positions are contemplated.
- the fob 102 when the switch 230 is moved from the OFF position, the fob 102 may be deemed activated by the user. That is, the switch 230 may activate internal circuitry in fob 102 for permitting the fob to be responsive to RF signals (e.g., commands from RFID reader 104 ). In this way, switch 230 may facilitate control of the active and inactive states of the fob 102 . Such control increases the system security by preventing inadvertent or illegal use of the fob 102 .
- switch 230 may be a simple mechanical device in communication with circuitry which may electrically prevent the fob from being powered by a RFID reader. That is, when switch 230 is in its normal position, switch 230 may provide a short to the fob 102 internal circuitry, preventing fob 102 from being responsive to interrogation by RF or via the USB connector 230 .
- the switch 230 may be, for example, a “normally closed” (NC) configured switch, which may be electrically connected to the antenna 202 at the interface of the antenna 202 and the transponder 114 . The switch 230 may be depressed, which may open the switch 230 fully activating the antenna 202 .
- NC normally closed
- the fob 102 may include a biometric sensor and biometric membrane configured to operate as switch 230 and activate the fob 102 when provided biometric signal from the fob 102 user.
- biometric signal may be the digital reading of a fingerprint, thumbprint, or the like.
- the biometric circuitry may be powered by an internal voltage source (e.g., battery).
- the switch may not be a simple mechanical device, but a switch which is powered.
- switch 230 may be battery powered though no biometric circuitry is present in the fob 102 .
- the switch 230 may be a logic switch. Where switch 230 is a logic switch the switch 230 control software may be read from the sequence controller 208 to selectively control the activation of the various fob 102 components.
- FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary block diagram of a RFID reader 104 in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
- RFID reader 104 includes, for example, an antenna 106 coupled to a RF module 302 , which is further coupled to a control module 304 .
- RFID reader 104 may include an antenna 108 positioned remotely from the RFID reader 104 and coupled to RFID reader 104 via a suitable cable 120 , or other wire or wireless connection.
- RF module 302 and antenna 106 may be suitably configured to facilitate communication with fob 102 .
- RF module 302 may be configured to provide an interrogation signal at that same frequency.
- fob 102 may be configured to respond to an interrogation signal of about 13.56 MHz.
- RFID antenna 106 may be 13 MHz and may be configured to transmit an interrogation signal of about 13.56 MHz.
- fob 102 may be configured to include a first and second RF module (e.g., transponder) where the first module may operate using a 134 kHz frequency and the second RF module may operate using a 13.56 MHz frequency.
- the RFID reader 104 may include two receivers which may operate using the 134 kHz frequency, the 13.56 MHz frequency or both. When the reader 104 is operating at 134 kHz frequency, only operation with the 134 kHz module on the fob 102 may be possible. When the reader 104 is operating at the 13.56 MHz frequency, only operation with the 13.56 MHz module on the fob 102 may be possible. Where the reader 104 supports both a 134 kHz frequency and a 13.56 MHz RF module, the fob 102 may receive both signals from the reader 104 . In this case, the fob 102 may be configured to prioritize selection of the one or the other frequency and reject the remaining frequency. Alternatively, the reader 104 may receive signals at both frequencies from the fob upon interrogation. In this case, the reader 104 may be configured to prioritize selection of one or the other frequency and reject the remaining frequency.
- protocol/sequence controller 314 may include an optional feedback function for notifying the user of the status of a particular transaction.
- the optional feedback may be in the form of an LED, LED screen and/or other visual display which is configured to light up or display a static, scrolling, flashing and/or other message and/or signal to inform the fob 102 user that the transaction is initiated (e.g., fob is being interrogated), the fob is valid (e.g., fob is authenticated), transaction is being processed, (e.g., fob account number is being read by RFID reader) and/or the transaction is accepted or denied (e.g., transaction approved or disapproved).
- Such an optional feedback may or may not be accompanied by an audible indicator (or may present the audible indicator singly) for informing the fob 102 user of the transaction status.
- the audible feedback may be a simple tone, multiple tones, musical indicator, and/or voice indicator configured to signify when the fob 102 is being interrogated, the transaction status, or the like.
- RFID antenna 106 may be in communication with a transponder 306 for transmitting an interrogation signal and receiving at least one of an authentication request signal and/or an account data from fob 102 .
- Transponder 306 may be of similar description as transponder 114 of FIG. 2 .
- transponder 306 may be configured to send and/or receive RF signals in a format compatible with antenna 202 in similar manner as was described with respect to fob transponder 114 .
- transponder 306 is 13.56 MHz RF rated antenna 202 may be 13.56 MHz compatible.
- antenna 106 may be ISO/IEC 14443 compatible.
- RF module 302 may include, for example, transponder 306 in communication with authentication circuitry 308 which may be in communication with a secure database 310 .
- Authentication circuitry 308 and database 310 may be of similar description and operation as described with respect to authentication circuitry 210 and secure memory database 212 of FIG. 2 .
- database 310 may store data corresponding to the fob 102 which are authorized to transact business over system 100 .
- Database 310 may additionally store RFID reader 104 identifying information for providing to fob 102 for use in authenticating whether RFID reader 104 is authorized to be provided the fob account number stored on fob database 214 .
- Authentication circuitry 308 may be of similar description and operation as authentication circuitry 210 . That is, authentication circuitry 308 may be configured to authenticate the signal provided by fob 102 in similar manner that authentication circuitry 210 may be configured to authenticate the signal provided by RHD reader 104 . As is described more fully below, fob 102 and RFID reader 104 engage in mutual authentication. In this context, “mutual authentication” may mean that operation of the system 100 may not take place until fob 102 authenticates the signal from RFID reader 104 , and RFID reader 104 authenticates the signal from fob 102 .
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart of an exemplary authentication process in accordance with the present invention.
- the authentication process is depicted as one-sided. That is, the flowchart depicts the process of the RFID reader 104 authenticating the fob 102 , although similar steps may be followed in the instance that fob 102 authenticates RFID reader 104 .
- database 212 may store security keys for encrypting or decrypting signals received from RFID reader 104 .
- RFID reader 104 may provide an interrogation signal to fob 102 (step 402 ).
- the interrogation signal may include a random code generated by the RFID reader authentication circuit 210 , which is provided to the fob 102 and which is encrypted using an unique encryption key corresponding to the fob 102 unique identification code.
- the protocol/sequence controller 314 may provide a command to activate the authentication circuitry 308 .
- Authentication circuitry 308 may provide from database 310 a fob interrogation signal including a random number as a part of the authentication code generated for each authentication signal.
- the authentication code may be an alphanumeric code which is recognizable (e.g., readable) by the RFID reader 104 and the fob 102 .
- the authentication code may be provided to the fob 102 via the RFID RF interface 306 and antenna 106 (or alternatively antenna 108 ).
- Fob 102 receives the interrogation signal (step 404 ).
- the interrogation signal including the authorization code may be received at the RF interface 114 via antenna 202 .
- the interrogation signal including the authorization code may be provided to the modulator/demodulator circuit 206 where the signal may be demodulated prior to providing the signal to protocol/sequence controller 208 .
- Protocol/sequence controller 208 may recognize the interrogation signal as a request for authentication of the fob 102 , and provide the authentication code to authentication circuit 210 .
- the fob 102 may then encrypt the authentication code (step 406 ).
- encryption may be done by authentication circuit 210 , which may receive the authentication code and encrypt the code prior to providing the encrypted authentication code to protocol/sequence controller 208 .
- Fob 102 may then provide the encrypted authentication code to the RFID reader 104 (step 408 ). That is, the encrypted authentication code may be provided to the RFID reader 104 via modulator/demodulator circuit 206 , RF interface 114 (e.g., transponder 114 ) and antenna 202 .
- RFID reader 104 may then receive the encrypted authentication code and decryption it (step 410 ). That is, the encrypted authentication code may be received at antenna 106 and RF interface 306 and may be provided to authentication circuit 308 .
- Authentication circuit 308 may be provided a security authentication key (e.g., transponder system decryption key) from database 310 .
- the authentication circuit may use the authentication key to decrypt (e.g., unlock) the encrypted authorization code.
- the authentication key may be provided to the authentication circuit based on the fob 102 unique identification code. For example, the encrypted authentication code may be provided along with the unique fob 102 identification code.
- the authentication circuit may receive the fob 102 unique identification code and retrieve from the database 310 a transponder system decryption key correlative to the unique fob 102 identification code for use in decrypting the encrypted authentication code.
- the decrypted authentication code is compared to the authentication code provided by the RFID reader 104 at step 402 (step 412 ) to verify its authenticity. If the decrypted authorization code is not readable (e.g., recognizable) by the authentication circuit 308 , the fob 102 is deemed to be unauthorized (e.g., unverified) (step 416 ) and the operation of system 100 is terminated (step 418 ). Contrarily, if the decrypted authorization code is recognizable (e.g., verified) by the fob 102 , the decrypted authorization code is deemed to be authenticated (step 412 ), and the transaction is allowed to proceed (step 414 ).
- the proceeding transaction may mean that the fob 102 may authenticate the RFID reader 104 prior to the RFID reader 104 authenticating fob 102 , although, it should be apparent that the RFID reader 104 may authenticate the fob 102 prior to the fob 102 authenticating the RFID reader 104 .
- the authorization circuit 308 may determine whether the unlocked authorization code is identical to the authorization code provided in step 402 . If the codes are not identical then the fob 102 is not authorized to access system 100 . Although, the verification process is described with respect to identicality, identicality is not required. For example, authentication circuit 308 may verify the decrypted code through any protocol, steps, or process for determining whether the decrypted code corresponds to an authorized fob 102 .
- Authentication circuitry 308 may additionally be in communication with a protocol/sequence controller 314 of similar operation and description as protocol/sequence controller 208 of FIG. 2 . That is, protocol/sequence device controller 314 may be configured to determine the order of operation of the RFID reader 104 components. For example, FIG. 5 illustrates and exemplary decision process under which protocol/sequence controller 314 may operate. Protocol/sequence controller 314 may command the different components of RFID reader 104 based on whether a fob 102 is present (step 502 ). For example, if a fob 102 is not present, then protocol/sequence controller 314 may command the RFID reader 104 to provide an uninterrupted interrogation signal (step 504 ).
- the protocol/sequence controller may command the authentication circuit 308 to provide an uninterrupted interrogation signal until the presence of a fob 102 is realized. If a fob 102 is present, the protocol/sequence controller 314 may command the RFID reader 104 to authenticate the fob 102 (step 506 ).
- authentication may mean that the protocol/sequence controller 314 may command the authentication circuit 308 to provide fob 102 with an authorization code. If a response is received from fob 102 , protocol/sequence controller may determine if the response is a response to the RFID reader 104 provided authentication code, or if the response is a signal requiring authentication (step 508 ). If the signal requires authentication, then the protocol/sequence controller 314 may activate the authentication circuit as described above (step 506 ). On the other hand, if the fob 102 signal is a response to the provided authentication code, then the protocol/sequence controller 314 may command the RFID reader 104 to retrieve the appropriate security key for enabling recognition of the signal (step 510 ).
- the protocol/sequence controller 314 may command the authentication circuit 308 to retrieve from database 310 a security key (e.g., transponder system decryption key), unlock the signal, and compare the signal to the signal provided by the RFID reader 104 in the authentication process (e.g., step 506 ). If the signal is recognized, the protocol/sequence controller 314 may determine that the fob 102 is authorized to access the system 100 . If the signal is not recognized, then the fob 102 is considered not authorized. In which case, the protocol/sequence controller 314 may command the RFID controller to interrogate for authorized fobs (step 504 ).
- a security key e.g., transponder system decryption key
- the protocol/sequence controller 314 may seek to determine if additional signals are being sent by fob 102 (step 514 ). If no additional signal is provided by fob 102 , then the protocol/sequence controller 314 may provide all the components of RFID reader 104 to remain idle until such time as a signal is provided (step 516 ).
- the protocol/sequence controller 314 may determine if the fob 102 is requesting access to the merchant point of sale terminal 110 (e.g., POS device) or if the fob 102 is attempting to interrogate the RFID reader 104 for return (e.g., mutual) authorization (step 518 ). Where the fob 102 is requesting access to a merchant point of sale terminal 110 , the protocol/sequence controller 314 may command the RFID reader 104 to open communications with the point of sale terminal 110 (step 524 ). In particular, the protocol/sequence controller 314 may command the point of sale terminal communications interface 312 to become active, permitting transfer of data between the RFID reader 104 and the merchant point of sale terminal 110 .
- the merchant point of sale terminal 110 e.g., POS device
- the protocol/sequence controller 314 may command the RFID reader 104 to open communications with the point of sale terminal 110 (step 524 ). In particular, the protocol/sequence controller 314 may command the point of sale terminal communications
- the protocol/sequence controller may command the RFID reader 104 to encrypt the signal (step 520 ).
- the protocol/sequence controller 314 may command the encryption authentication circuit 318 to retrieve from database 320 the appropriate encryption key in response to the fob 102 mutual interrogation signal.
- the protocol/sequence controller 314 may then command the RFID reader 104 to provide the encrypted mutual interrogation signal to the fob 102 .
- the protocol/sequence controller 314 may command the authentication circuit 318 to provide an encrypted mutual interrogation signal for the fob 102 to mutually authenticate.
- Fob 102 may then receive the encrypted mutual interrogation signal and retrieve from authentication circuitry 212 a RFID reader decryption key.
- protocol/sequence controller 314 may have similar operation and design as protocol/sequence controller 208 .
- protocol/sequence controllers 208 and 314 may incorporate in the decision process appropriate commands for enabling USB interfaces 222 and 316 , when the corresponding device is so connected.
- Encryption/decryption component 318 may be further in communication with a secure account number database 320 which stores the security keys necessary for decrypting the encrypted fob account number.
- encryption/decryption component e.g., circuitry 318
- the account number may be forwarded in a conventional magnetic stripe format compatible with the ISO/IEC 7813 standard.
- protocol/sequence controller 314 may forward the account number to POS device 110 via a communications interface 312 and data link 122 , as best shown in FIG. 1 .
- POS device 110 may receive the decrypted account number and forward the magnetic stripe formatted account number to a merchant network 112 for processing under the merchant's business as usual standard. In this way, the present invention eliminates the need of a third-party server.
- protocol/sequence controller 314 may provide the network response to the RF module 302 for optically and/or audibly communicating the response to the fob 102 user.
- RFID reader 104 may additionally include a USB interface 316 , in communication with the protocol/sequence controller 314 .
- the USB interface may be a RS22 serial data interface.
- the RFID reader 104 may include a serial interface such as, for example, a RS232 interface in communication with the protocol/sequence controller 314 .
- the USB connector 316 may be in communication with a personalization system 116 (shown in FIG. 1B ) for initializing RFID reader 104 to system 100 application parameters.
- RFID reader 104 may be in communication with personalization system 116 for populating database 310 with a listing of security keys belonging to authorized fobs 102 , and for populating database 320 with the security keys to decrypt the fob 102 account numbers placing the account numbers in ISO/IEC 7813 format.
- RFID reader 104 may be populated with a unique identifier (e.g., serial number) which may be used by fob authentication circuitry 210 to determine if RFID reader 104 is authorized to receive a fob 102 encrypted account number.
- a unique identifier e.g., serial number
- FIG. 1B illustrates an exemplary personalization system 100 B, in accordance with the present invention.
- typical personalization system 100 B may be any system for initializing the RFID reader 104 and fob 102 for use in system 100 A.
- the similar personalization process for fob 102 may be illustrated.
- personalization system 116 may be in communication with fob 102 via RF ISO 14443 interface 114 for populating fob database 212 with the security keys for facilitating authentication of the unique RFID reader 104 identifier.
- personalization system 116 may populate on database 212 a unique fob 102 identifier for use by RFID reader 104 in determining whether fob 102 is authorized to access system 100 .
- Personalization system 116 may populate (e.g., inject) the encrypted fob 102 account number into fob database 214 for later providing to an authenticated RFID reader 104 .
- personalization system 116 may include any standard computing system as described above.
- personalization system 116 may include a standard personal computer containing a hardware security module operable using any conventional graphic user interface.
- the hardware security module may authenticate the fob 102 and RFID reader 104 to verify that the components are authorized to receive the secure information.
- FIGS. 6A-B illustrate an exemplary flowchart of a personalization procedure which may be used to personalize fob 102 and/or RFID reader 104 .
- RFID reader 104 may be personalized using a similar process.
- the personalization process which occurs between the personalization system 116 and the device to be personalized (e.g., fob 102 or RFID reader 104 ), may begin, for example at step 602 .
- Mutual authentication may occur between the personalization system 116 and the device to be authenticated in much the same manner as was described above with regard to fob 102 mutually authenticating with RFID reader 104 .
- personalization system 116 may transmit a personalization system 116 identifier to the device to be authenticated which is compared by the device authentication circuitry 210 , 308 against personalization system identifiers stored in the device database 212 , 310 . Where a match does not occur (step 604 ), the personalization process may be aborted (step 612 ). Where a match occurs (step 604 ), the personalization system may prepare a personalization file to be provided to the device to be personalized (step 606 ). If the personalization system is operated manually, the personalization file may be entered into the personalization system 116 using any suitable system interface such as, for example, a keyboard (step 606 ).
- the system 116 may abort the personalization process (step 610 ).
- the personalization file may include the unique fob 102 or RFID reader 104 identifier, security key for loading into database 212 and 310 , and/or security keys for decrypting a fob account number which may be loaded in database 320 .
- Fob 102 may be personalized by direct connection to the personalization system 116 via RF ISO/IEC 14443 interface 114 , or the fob 102 may be personalized using RFID reader 104 .
- Personalization system 116 and RFID reader 104 may engage in mutual authentication and RFID reader 104 may be configured to transmit the fob personalization file to fob 102 via RF.
- RFID reader 104 may be configured to transmit the fob personalization file to fob 102 via RF.
- the personalization system 116 may create as a part of the personalization file, a unique identifier for providing to the fob 102 (step 616 ).
- the identifier is unique in that one identifier may be given only to a single fob. That is, no other fob may have that same identifier.
- the fob may then be configured and loaded with that identifier (step 618 ).
- the encrypted fob 102 account number may be populated into fob 102 in the same manner as is described with respect to the fob 102 unique identifier. That is, personalization system 116 may pre-encrypt the account data (step 640 ) and inject the encrypted account into fob database 214 (step 622 ). The encrypted account data may be loaded (e.g., injected) into the fob 102 using RFID reader 104 as discussed above.
- the personalization file is populated into the fob 102 , the populated information is irreversibly locked to prevent alteration, unauthorized reading and/or unauthorized access (step 624 ).
- Personalization system 116 may then create a log of the personalization file information for later access and analysis by the personalization system 116 user (step 626 ).
- the personalization system 116 may send a security alert to the user (step 630 ) and the personalization process may be aborted (step 612 ).
- the personalization system 116 may be prepared to begin initialization on a second device to be personalized (step 632 ).
- FIGS. 7A-B illustrate another exemplary embodiment of a personalization process which may be used to personalize RFID reader 104 .
- RFID reader 104 may be in communication with a personalization system 116 via RFID reader USB connection 316 (step 702 ). Once connected, personalization system 116 may establish communications with the RFID reader 104 and RFID reader 104 may provide personalization system 116 any RFID reader 104 identification data presently stored on the RFID reader 104 (step 704 ). In accordance with step 708 , where the RFID reader 104 is being personalized for the first time (step 706 ) the RFID reader 104 and the personalization system 116 may engage in mutual authentication as described above with respect to FIGS. 6A-B .
- personalization system 116 may verify that RFID reader 104 is properly manufactured or configured to operate within system 100 .
- the verification may include evaluating the operation of the RFID reader 104 by determining if the RFID reader will accept predetermined default settings. That is, the personalization system 116 may then provide the RFID reader 104 a set of default settings (step 708 ) and determine if the RFID reader 104 accepts those settings (step 712 ). If RFID reader 104 does not accept the default settings, personalization system 116 may abort the personalization process (step 714 ).
- the personalization system 116 determines that the personalization process is not the first personalization process undertaken by the RFID reader 104 (step 706 ).
- personalization system 116 and RFID reader 104 may engage in a mutual authentication process using the existing security keys already stored on RFID reader 104 (step 710 ). If authentication is unsuccessful (step 712 ), the personalization system 116 may abort the personalization process (step 714 ).
- the personalization system 116 may update the RFID reader 104 security keys (step 716 ). Updating the security keys may take place at any time as determined by a system 100 manager. The updating may take place as part of a routine maintenance or merely to install current security key data. The updating may be performed by downloading firmware into RFID reader 104 (step 718 ). In the event that the personalization system 116 determines in step 706 that the RFID reader 104 is undergoing an initial personalization, the firmware may be loaded into the RFID reader 104 for the first time.
- firmware may include any file which enables the RFID reader 102 to operate under system 100 guidelines. For example, such guidelines may be directed toward the operation of RFID reader protocol/sequence controller 314 .
- Personalization system 116 may then determine if the personalization keys (e.g., security keys, decryption keys, RFID identifier) need to be updated or if the RFID reader 104 needs to have an initial installation of the personalization keys (step 720 ). If so, then personalization system 116 may download the personalization keys as appropriate (step 722 ).
- the personalization keys e.g., security keys, decryption keys, RFID identifier
- Personalization system 116 may then check the RFID reader 104 to determine if the fob 102 identifiers and corresponding security keys should be updated or initially loaded (step 724 ). If no updating is necessary the personalization system 116 may end the personalization procedure (step 732 ). Contrarily, if the personalization system 116 determines that the fob 102 identifiers and corresponding keys need to be updated or installed, the personalization system 116 may download the information onto RFID reader 104 (step 726 ). The information (e.g., fob security keys and identifiers) may be downloaded in an encrypted format and the RFID reader 104 may store the information in the RFID reader database 310 as appropriate (step 728 ). The personalization system 116 may then create or update a status log cataloging for later use and analysis by the personalization system 116 user (step 730 ). Upon updating the status log, the personalization process may be terminated (step 732 ).
- the information e.g., fob security keys and identifiers
- FIG. 8 illustrates an exemplary flow diagram for the operation of system 100 A.
- the operation may be understood with reference to FIG. 1A , which depicts the elements of system 100 A which may be used in an exemplary transaction.
- the process is initiated when a customer desires to present a fob 102 for payment (step 802 ).
- the merchant Upon presentation of the fob 102 , the merchant initiates the RF payment procedure via an RFID reader 104 (step 804 ).
- the RFID reader sends out an interrogation signal to scan for the presence of fob 102 (step 806 ).
- the RF signal may be provided via the RFID reader antenna 106 or optionally via an external antenna 108 .
- the customer then may present the fob 102 for payment (step 808 ) and the fob 102 is activated by the RF interrogation signal provided.
- the fob 102 and the RFID reader 104 may then engage in mutual authentication (step 810 ). Where the mutual authentication is unsuccessful, an error message may be provided to the customer via the RFID optical and/or audible indicator (step 814 ) and the transaction may be aborted (step 816 ). Where the mutual authentication is successful (step 814 ), the RFID reader 104 may provide the customer with an appropriate optical and/or audible message (e.g., “transaction processing” or “wait”) (step 818 ). The fob protocol/sequence controller 208 may then retrieve from database 214 an encrypted fob account number and provide the encrypted account number to the RFID reader 104 (step 820 ).
- an appropriate optical and/or audible message e.g., “transaction processing” or “wait”
- the RFID reader 104 may then decrypt the account number and convert the account number into magnetic stripe (ISO/IEC 7813) format (step 822 ) and provide the unencrypted account number to the merchant system 130 (step 828 ).
- the account number may be provided to the POS 110 device for transmission to the merchant network 112 for processing. Exemplary processing methods according to the present invention are discussed with respect to FIGS. 10-13 , shown below.
- the POS device 110 may then send an optical and/or audible transaction status message to the RFID reader 104 (step 830 ) for communication to the customer (step 832 ).
- the methods for processing the transactions may include one of several formats as required by the fob issuer.
- one processing method may include processing the transaction under a preloaded fob format wherein a payment value (e.g., monetary value, reward points value, barter points value, etc.) may be preloaded into an preloaded value account or data file prior to permitting usage of the fob.
- a payment value e.g., monetary value, reward points value, barter points value, etc.
- approval of the transaction may involve comparing the transaction amount to the amount stored (or remaining) in the preloaded value data file. Comparison may be made by a preloaded value processing system wherein the preloaded value processing system may compare the transaction amount to be processed to the preload value data file.
- the preloaded value processing system may deny authorization for completion of the transaction. Contrarily, where the transaction amount does not exceed the amount stored in the preloaded value data file account the preloaded value processing system may provide for authorization of the transaction.
- Preloaded value processing system 1000 may include a fob 102 including a transponder 114 , which is in communication with a merchant system 130 via a RFID reader 104 or a computer interface 134 as is described with respect to FIG. 1A .
- the merchant system may be in communication with an issuer system 1010 , where the issuer system 1010 may be maintained by any entity (e.g., financial institution, American Express®, Visa® and/or MasterCard®, etc.) which permits the fob 102 user to store a preload value amount in a preloaded value account (e.g., data tile) maintained on an issuer database 1012 of similar construction as database 212 .
- a preloaded value account e.g., data tile
- the issuer system 1000 may further include one or more process servers for processing a fob transaction.
- a POS device 110 (included in merchant system 130 ) may be in communication with an issuer account server (IAS) 1014 for receiving the fob account information from POS device 110 .
- IAS 1014 may be in further communication with a preloaded value authorization server (PLAS) 1016 for processing transactions involving a preloaded value fob.
- PLAS preloaded value authorization server
- the PLAS 1016 may be in further communication with an issuer database 1012 for retrieving funds from the preloaded value data file (not shown) which are necessary for satisfying the preloaded fob or merchant transaction request.
- issuer or “account provider” may refer to any entity facilitating payment of a transaction using a fob, and which included systems permitting payment using at least one of a preloaded and non-preloaded fob. Typical issuers maybe American Express®, MasterCard®, Visa, Discover®, and the like.
- an exchange value e.g., money, rewards points, barter points, etc.
- the exchange value may not be stored on the fob itself.
- the preloaded value data file may be debited the amount of the transaction requiring the preloaded value account to be replenished.
- the preloaded value system platform may be used to complete “direct link” transactions. In which case, the preloaded value account may function as a place holder, perpetually storing a zero value.
- the preloaded value data file may be any conventional data file configuration for storing a value (e.g., monetary, rewards points, barter points, etc.) which may be exchanged for goods or services.
- a value e.g., monetary, rewards points, barter points, etc.
- the preloaded value data file may have any configuration as determined by the issuer system 1010 .
- a fob identifying information (e.g., account number or fob marker) may be provided to the POS device 110 in similar manner as was discussed with respect to FIG. 1A . That is, the fob 102 may be presented to the merchant system 130 via a RFID reader 104 or a computer interface 134 , which may provide the fob identifying information in Track 1 or Track 2 format.
- a POS device 110 included in the merchant system 130 may receive the fob 102 identifying information and provide the fob 102 identifying information along with the transaction identifying information (e.g., amount, quantity, merchant identification, etc.) to the issuer system 1010 for authorization.
- the merchant system 130 may additionally include a merchant system marker or identifier for indicating a merchant system identity.
- the merchant system 130 may combine the fob 102 identifying information, the merchant identifying information, or the transaction identifying information, or any combination thereof, into a merchant transaction request for providing to the issuer system 1010 .
- the IAS 1014 may receive the transaction and fob identifying information (or merchant transaction request) and recognize that the transaction is being requested relative to a preloaded value account associated with a preloaded fob. That is, the IAS 1014 may recognize that the user has presented a preloaded fob 102 for payment. Recognition of the fob 102 as a preloaded fob may mean that the fob identifying information includes a marker or identifier indicating that the fob is associated with a preloaded value data file. Upon recognition of the marker, the IAS 1014 may forward transaction and fob identifying information to the PLAS 1016 for processing. PLAS 1016 may compare the transaction amount to the value stored or remaining in the preloaded value to determine if authorization should be granted or denied.
- the PLAS 1016 may forward a transaction denied message to the IAS 1014 for providing to the merchant system 130 .
- the PLAS 1016 may deduct from the preloaded value data file the necessary amount for satisfaction of the transaction.
- the PLAS 1016 may provide a transaction denied message to the IAS 1014 where the amount stored in the preloaded value account is less than required for satisfying the merchant or fob transaction request.
- a predetermined minimum level e.g., minimum depletion level
- Reloading of the preloaded value account may take place manually (e.g., by the fob user telephonically or online) or may take place automatically when the value stored in the preloaded value data file is depleted to a predefined level. Where the reloading is done automatically, reloading may occur under rules established by the fob issuer or owner.
- reloading may occur at preselected time intervals, when the value stored is below a predetermined amount, until a maximum number of reloads in a predetermined time period has occurred or until a maximum reload amount is reached in a predetermined time period.
- FIGS. 11A and 11B depict exemplary preloading and reloading processes which may be performed in accordance with the present invention.
- the preloading and reloading processes may be preformed using one or more servers (e.g., PLAS 1016 ) in communication with a funding source 1104 .
- PLAS 1016 e.g., PLAS 1016
- any server for establishing and managing data files may be used.
- the preloading and reloading aspects of the invention are described with reference to PLAS 1016 .
- PLAS 1016 may be used to establish on the server or on a database (e.g., database 1012 ) a preloaded value account (e.g., data file) ( 1106 ).
- the preload value account may be funded or maintained by a fob issuer which may establish a credit, charge, debit, rewards value account, etc. in connection with a charge or credit card (e.g., Visa, MasterCard, American Express, Discover, etc.), debit or direct debit authorization (DDA) system.
- a charge or credit card e.g., Visa, MasterCard, American Express, Discover, etc.
- DDA direct debit authorization
- the preloaded value account may be established to at least a predetermined minimum preload amount or value (e.g., minimum preload level) as determined by the account provider and/or the fob user or owner.
- the predetermined minimum value e.g., minimum preload value
- the preloaded value account may be loaded (e.g., preloaded or reloaded) from funds received from one of a funding source account 1104 (American Express, Visa, MasterCard, Discover, etc.). That is, the PLAS 1016 may communicate with the funding source 1104 to obtain funds or value for loading or reloading the preloaded value account ( 1108 ).
- FIG. 11B shows and exemplary reloading process in accordance with the invention.
- a consumer may present to a merchant system 130 the prepaid fob 102 for purchasing goods or services ( 1110 ).
- the preloaded value account is then depleted the value amount paid to the merchant system 130 .
- the process for purchasing goods may be repeated until the value stored in the preloaded value account equals or is less than a minimum level balance (e.g., minimum depletion level).
- the minimum depletion level may be predetermined by the fob user or fob issuer, and may be the minimum value permitted to be stored in the preloaded value account before the file is to be reloaded.
- the PLAS 1016 may trigger an automatic reload to reload the preloaded value account from funds retrieved from the funding source 1104 ( 1112 ).
- the amount of funds retrieved may be sufficient for loading the preloaded value account to the minimum amount described above or to some other predetermined reload value.
- the PLAS 1016 may trigger automatic reloading where a predetermined minimum depletion level (e.g., “minimum level balance”) is reached. That is, the preloaded value account may not be entirely depleted to zero value before automatic reloading occurs. In this instance, the PLAS 1016 may charge the funding necessary for automatic reloading against the available funds at funding source 1104 .
- a predetermined minimum depletion level e.g., “minimum level balance”
- the automatic reloading may occur where the transaction exceeds the amount stored in or remaining in the preloaded value account.
- the preloaded value account may be restored to an amount necessary for completion of the transaction.
- the preloaded value account may be automatically reloaded prior to processing the transaction.
- automatic reloading may occur based on different user or issuer automatic reload criteria.
- Other automatic reload criteria may include, but are not limited to, reloading until a defined maximum load amount in a defined time period is reached, reloading at a selected periodic reoccurring time interval (e.g., once a month), reloading as permitted until a defined maximum number of reloads in a specified time period is reached, or reloading until a defined maximum reload amount is reached in a specified time period, etc.
- reloading may be done manually, such as, for example, when the fob user contacts the issuer (or any other entity or system which may facilitate the request) to provide a specified funding source for use in reloading the preloaded account and specifies the amount to be preloaded.
- the PLAS 1016 may determine whether a full or partial reload may be performed based on the class of transactions requested or the merchant requesting the transaction.
- the PLAS 1016 may identify a merchant or transaction as a desired merchant or transaction for triggering an automatic reload based on a merchant or transaction identifier or marker.
- the PLAS 1016 may then reload the account in accordance with any automatic reload criteria defined by the fob user, fob issuer and/or any other entity or system.
- the PLAS 1016 may notify the fob user that an automatic reload has been performed due to the merchant or transaction preferred status.
- the PLAS 1016 may issue the notification via the IAS server, which, in turn, may send the notification to a fob user registered email account or other means for notifying the fob user (e.g., pager, cell phone, personal digital assistant and/or the like).
- the email account may be accessible by the fob user via any on-line global network.
- the fob user may be notified that a manual reload is required to complete a transaction.
- the issuer system 1010 may provide the notification via a server (e.g., IAS 1014 or PLAS 1016 ) in communication with a computer interface 134 .
- the notification may be provided in real-time, wherein the notification is sent to an e-mail account accessible to the fob user.
- the system may then enable the fob user to access to issuer database 1012 to identify an amount or funding source 1014 for completing the transactions. Further still, the fob user may be permitted to contact the issuer telephonically to manually reload the preloaded data file.
- the fob user may be permitted to contact the issuer virtual authorizing agent in real-time for specifying reload requirements.
- An exemplary method for permitting real-time communications between fob user (e.g., account holder) and an issuer virtual agent is described in commonly assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/155,360, SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR INTERACTIVE SECURE DIALOG BETWEEN CARDHOLDER AND ISSUER, filed May 23, 2002, herein incorporated by reference.
- the preloaded value transaction processing system may permit approval of transactions where the transaction value exceeds the preloaded amount stored in the preloaded value data file. That is, the preloaded fob may be used for purchases exceeding the preloaded value amount provided that the charge submitted by the merchant is less than or equal to the maximum reload permitted plus the amount stored on the card at the time the charge is submitted.
- the preloaded value system may approve transactions based on a particular merchant's transaction processing protocol. Where the issuer has reviewed and/or approved a merchant's transaction processing method, the system may take the method in consideration in determining whether to approve a merchant's transaction request. For example, a merchant's transaction processing method may include the merchant submitting transaction requests which exceed the preloaded value amount, but the actual charge may be less than or equal to the preloaded value amount. In this instance, the preloaded value transaction processing system may still be configured to approve the transaction request. The processing system may recognize that a transaction came from a particular merchant and institute a predetermined approval protocol correlative to that merchant, since the approval protocol may include information that the merchant is sending a transaction request exceeding the actual charge.
- the system may use any one of the acceptable techniques for identifying merchants, such as recognition of the merchant ID, or a marker appended to the transaction, etc.
- the processing system may correlate the merchant ID with a merchant protocol for requesting a transaction approval of an amount greater than the preloaded value (or reload value), and approve the merchant request accordingly.
- the PLAS 1016 may evaluate the transaction request based upon several risk criteria established by the issuer. If all the criteria are successfully met, then the PLAS 1016 may send authorization of the transaction (e.g., “transaction granted”) to the IAS 1014 for providing to the merchant system 130 . Simultaneous with, subsequent to, providing the transaction authorization to the IAS 1014 , the PLAS 1016 may seek satisfaction of the transaction from the fob account maintained on the account provider database 1012 . The transaction request may be provided to the IAS 1014 for processing. That is, the IAS 1014 may seek to deduct the transaction value from the balance of the amount stored in the preloaded value data file.
- authorization of the transaction e.g., “transaction granted”
- the PLAS 1016 may seek satisfaction of the transaction from the fob account maintained on the account provider database 1012 .
- the transaction request may be provided to the IAS 1014 for processing. That is, the IAS 1014 may seek to deduct the transaction value from the balance of the amount stored in the preloaded value data
- FIG. 12 depicts an exemplary embodiment of another transaction processing system (“direct link” system) 1200 in accordance with the present. More particular, FIG. 12 depicts a direct link system 1200 which may be used to process transaction request.
- a direct link system may be any system which facilitates satisfaction of a transaction using a fob directly linked to an account which stores an exchange value (e.g., money, credit or charge, or rewards points, etc.). In this instance, the account is not preloaded.
- the account may be linked to a contact product such as a credit, debit, and/or DDA card, and the like, which may be presented for payment of goods and services.
- the fob here called “direct link fob”
- the card are associated with the same funding source and the user may seek satisfaction of a transaction from the funding source independent of whether the fob or card is used.
- the fob 102 (not shown) user may not establish a preloaded account. Instead, the fob 102 may be associated with a fob transaction account which may be used to provide payment to the merchant for goods and services.
- Direct link system 1200 may have similar elements as described with respect to FIG. 10 . Moreover, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention, a transaction request associated with a direct link fob may be processed using the preloaded value system described above, where the preloaded value data file is used as a place holder storing a zero value. The account established by the issuer for fob use is treated as the funding source for satisfying direct link transactions.
- the system 1200 may include a fob 102 (not shown) including a transponder 114 , which is in communication with a merchant system 130 via a RFID reader 104 (not shown) or a computer interface 134 (not shown) as is described with respect to FIG. 1A .
- the merchant system 130 may be in communication with an account provider system 1010 .
- the issuer system 1010 may include one or more process servers for processing a fob transaction request.
- the POS device 110 may be in communication with a issuer account server (IAS) 1014 for receiving the fob and transaction identifying information from POS device 110 .
- IAS 1014 may be in further communication with a PLAS 1016 for processing transactions including a direct link fob.
- the PLAS 1016 may be in further communication with a second IAS 1202 , although a second IAS 1202 may not be required where one or more of the existing servers 1014 or 1016 may perform the functions of IAS 1202 described below.
- the IAS 1202 is included herein to simplify the understanding the operation of this exemplary embodiment.
- the fob identifying information (e.g., account number) may be provided to the POS device 110 in similar manner as was discussed with respect to FIG. 1A . That is, the fob 102 may be presented to the merchant system 130 via a RFID reader 104 or a computer interface 134 , which may provide the fob identifying information in Track 1 or Track 2 format.
- a POS device 110 included in the merchant system 130 may receive the fob 102 identifying information and provide the fob 102 identifying information along with the transaction identifying information (e.g., amount, quantity, merchant (dentification, etc.) to the account provider system 1010 for authorization.
- the transaction identifying information e.g., amount, quantity, merchant (dentification, etc.
- the IAS 1014 may receive the transaction and fob identifying information and recognize that the transaction as being requested relative to a direct linkfob associated with an any suitable account for payment (not a stored value account). Recognition of the fob 102 in this instance may mean that the direct link fob identifying information includes a marker or identifier indicating that the fob is associated with the suitable payment account as described above. Upon recognition of the marker, the IAS 1014 may forward transaction and fob identifying information to PLAS server 1016 for processing.
- the PLAS 1016 may evaluate the transaction request based upon several risk criteria established by the issuer.
- risk criteria may include, but are not limited to, consideration of amount limits for a specified time period, count limits for a specified time periods, current reserve funding, pre-determined re-funding rules, user, self-defined limits, etc. If all the criteria are successfully met, then the PLAS 1016 may send authorization of the transaction (e.g., “transaction granted”) to the IAS 1014 for providing to the merchant system 130 .
- the PLAS 1016 may seek authorization of the transaction against the direct link fob account maintained on the issuer database 1012 .
- the authorization request may be provided to the IAS 1202 for approval.
- the direct link account is a charge or credit account
- the PLAS 1016 may request authorization from the second IAS 1202 and the IAS 1202 may assess the transaction amount against the fob direct link account. That is, the IAS 1202 may seek to record the amount of the transaction in the fob account for payment at the end of the billing cycle (e.g., charge account), or the amount may be recorded on the fob account for payment at a date later than the end of the billing cycle (e.g., credit account).
- the preloaded value data file may be used as a place holder.
- the data file may maintain a zero value, and the data file value is not used to evaluate whether the transaction is to be approved.
- the merchant system 130 may provide a batch file containing multiple fob transaction requests to be processed.
- the system 1300 may include a process server 1302 which distinguished between preloaded value and direct link transaction request. That is, process server 1202 may be used for separating the fob transactions which are associated with a preloaded fob account and those that are not associated with a preloaded fob account, as discussed more fully below.
- the process server 1302 may further be in communication with an IAS 1014 for seeking settlement of the transaction.
- the merchant system 130 may provide the batch file to the process server 1302 .
- the process server 1302 may receive the settlement file and create sub-files of transaction requests relative to the type of fob used in the transaction (e.g., preloaded fob, and direct link fob associated with a charge or credit account).
- the process server 1302 may create a first fob transaction file (File A) for merchant payables and a second file to be forwarded to the IAS 1204 for processing.
- the process server 1302 may provide funds to the merchant for payment of the transaction, where the funds provided may be equivalent to the transaction amount minus discount revenues. The funds may be retrieved from the funding source for proving to the merchant.
- the process server 1302 may create a second sub-file (File B) for accounts receivable payments and the File B may be forwarded to the IAS 1014 , IAS 1014 may then process the transaction request according to the processes described in FIGS. 10 and 12 . That is, the IAS 1014 may distinguish the preloaded fob transaction requests from those associated with the direct link fob and process the transactions accordingly.
- File B second sub-file
- the transaction processing systems described may distinguish when a fob is used, or when a fob is reloaded.
- the present system may be used to reward points for fob usage and reloading.
- the points e.g., loyalty points
- the points may be stored in a points data file maintained on the issuer database (e.g., database 1012 ).
- the rewards points may then later be redeemed for exchange for goods and services as desired by the fob user.
- points may be provided when the fob is used.
- the IAS 1014 may recognize the that a fob is being used and award points (e.g., loyalty points) to a points data file assigned to the fob user.
- the loyalty points may be awarded based on any criteria as determined by the fob issuer.
- Exemplary rewarding criteria may include rewarding points for, for example, frequency of fob usage, amount of individual purchase using the fob, or the total amount of purchases in a given time period.
- points may be awarded for data file reloading. That is, IAS 1014 may place award points in the points data file relative to the amount loaded or reloaded as required.
- the transaction account associated with the fob 102 may include a usage restriction, such as, for example, a per purchase spending limit, a time of day use, a day of week use, certain merchant use and/or the like, wherein an additional verification is required when using the fob outside of the restriction.
- the restrictions may be personally assigned by the fob 102 user, or the account provider.
- the account may be established such that purchases above $X (i.e., the spending limit) must be verified by the customer.
- Such verification may be provided using a suitable personal identification number (PIN) which may be recognized by the RFID reader 104 or a payment authorization center (not shown) as being unique to the fob 102 holder (e.g., customer) and the correlative fob 102 transaction account number.
- PIN personal identification number
- the customer may be required to provide, for example, a PIN, biometric sample and/or similar secondary verification to complete the transaction.
- a verification PIN may be checked for accuracy against a corroborating PIN which correlates to the fob 102 transaction account number.
- the corroborating PIN may be stored locally (e.g., on the fob 102 , or on the RFID reader 104 ) or may be stored on a database (not shown) at the payment authorization center.
- the payment authorization center database may be any database maintained and operated by the fob 102 transaction account provider.
- the verification PIN may be provided to the POS device 110 using a conventional merchant (e.g., POS) PIN key pad 118 in communication with the POS device 110 as shown in FIG. 1 , or a RFID keypad in communication with the RFID reader 104 .
- PIN keypad may be in communication with the POS device 110 (or alternatively, RFID reader 104 ) using any conventional data link described above.
- the RFID reader 104 may seek to match the PIN to the corroborating PIN stored on the RFID reader 104 at database 310 or 320 .
- the verification PIN may be provided to a payment authorization center to determine whether the PIN matches the PIN stored on the payment authorization center database which correlates to the fob 102 account. If a match is made, the purchase may no longer be restricted, and the transaction may be allowed to be completed.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic block diagram of an exemplary fob 102 wherein fob 102 includes a biometric security system 902 .
- Biometric security system 902 may include a biometric sensor 904 for sensing the fingerprint of the fob 102 user.
- the biometric sensor 902 may be in communication with a sensor interface/driver 906 for receiving the sensor fingerprint and activating the operation of fob 102 .
- In communication with the biometric sensor 904 and sensor interface 906 may be a battery 903 for providing the necessary power for operation of the biometric security system components.
- the customer may place his finger on the biometric sensor to initiate the mutual authentication process between the fob 102 and the RFID reader 104 , or to provide secondary verification of the user's identity.
- the sensor fingerprint may be digitized and compared against a digitized fingerprint stored in a database (e.g., security database 212 ) included on fob 102 .
- a database e.g., security database 212
- Such comparison step may be controlled by protocol/sequence controller 208 and may be validated by authentication circuit 210 . Where such verification is made, the mutual authentication between fob 102 and RFID reader 104 may begin, and the transaction may proceed accordingly.
- the comparison may be made with a digitized fingerprint stored on a database maintained by the fob 102 transaction account provider system (not shown). The digitized fingerprint may be verified in much the same way as is described above with respect to the PIN.
- the system 902 may be used to authorize a purchase exceeding the established per purchase spending limit.
- the customer's intended purchase exceeds the spending limit
- the customer may be asked to provide assurance that the purchase is authorized. Accordingly, the customer may provide such verification by placing his finger over the biometric sensor 904 .
- the biometric sensor 904 may then digitize the fingerprint and provide the digitized fingerprint for verification as described above.
- fob 102 may provide a transaction authorized signal to RF transponder 202 (or alternatively to transponder 220 ) for forwarding to RFID reader 104 .
- RFID reader 104 may then provide the transaction authorized signal to the POS device 110 in similar manner as is done with convention PIN driven systems and the POS device 110 may process the transaction under the merchant's business as usual standard.
- the fob user is provided limited access to a user data tile for managing the fob usage and fob user information.
- the fob user may access the user data file to change, for example, demographic information (e.g., fob user address, phone number, email address, etc., the funding source (e.g., credit account, charge account, rewards account, barter account, etc.) associated with the fob, view the transaction history, etc.
- the fob user may be permitted to load or reload the account or alter automatic reload parameters (e.g., amount to reload, period for reloading, etc.).
- the fob user may connect the fob 102 to a computer interface 134 via a USB interface 132 .
- the fob user may then use the computer interface 134 to access the user data file via a network 136 .
- the network 136 may be in communication with an issuer system (e.g. system 1010 of FIG. 10 ) and may be provided limited access to an issuer server (e.g., server 1014 ) for managing the fob.
- the issuer server may be in communication with an issuer system database (e.g., 1012 ) which stores the information to be managed relative to the user data file.
- the changes made to the user data file by the fob user may be made to the user data file in real-time, after a brief delay, or after an extended delay. In one instance, changes may be stored in a batch changes file on the issuer database for later batch processing.
Abstract
Description
- This application is a Continuation under 35 U.S.C. §120 of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/318,432 filed on Dec. 13, 2002, which is a continuation-in part and claims priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/192,488, entitled “SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PAYMENT USING RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION IN CONTACT AND CONTACTLESS TRANSACTIONS,” filed on Jul. 9, 2002, now U.S. Pat. No. 7,239,226 (which itself claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/304,216, entitled “SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR RFID PAYMENTS,” filed on Jul. 10, 2001); this '432 application is also a non-provisional of and claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 60/396,577, entitled “SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR PAYMENT USING RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION IN CONTACT AND CONTACTLESS TRANSACTIONS,” filed on Jul. 16, 2002, all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
- This invention generally relates to a system and method for completing a transaction, and more particularly, to determining the loading criteria for a funding source associated with a Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) device used in completing a financial transaction.
- Like barcode and voice data entry, RFID is a contactless information acquisition technology. RFID systems are wireless, and are usually extremely effective in hostile environments where conventional acquisition methods fail. RFID has established itself in a wide range of markets, such as, for example, the high-speed reading of railway containers, tracking moving objects such as livestock or automobiles, and retail inventory applications. As such, RFID technology has become a primary focus in automated data collection, identification and analysis systems worldwide.
- Of late, companies are increasingly embodying RFID data acquisition technology in a fob or tag for use in completing financial transactions. A typical fob includes a transponder and is ordinarily a self-contained device which may be contained on any portable form factor. In some instances, a battery may be included with the fob to power the transponder. In which case the internal circuitry of the fob (including the transponder) may draw its operating power from the battery power source. Alternatively, the fob may exist independently of an internal power source. In this instance the internal circuitry of the fob (including the transponder) may gain its operating power directly from an RF interrogation signal. U.S. Pat. No. 5,053,774 issued to Schuermann describes a typical transponder RF interrogation system which may be found in the prior art. The Schuermann patent describes in general the powering technology surrounding conventional transponder structures. U.S. Pat. No. 4,739,328 discusses a method by which a conventional transponder may respond to a RF interrogation signal. Other typical modulation techniques which may be used include, for example, ISO/IEC 14443 and the like.
- In the conventional fob powering technologies used, the fob is typically activated upon presenting the fob in an interrogation signal. In this regard, the fob may be activated irrespective of whether the user desires such activation. Inadvertent presentation of the fob may result in initiation and completion of an unwanted transaction. Thus, a fob system is needed which allows the fob user to control activation of the fob to limit transactions being undesirably completed.
- One of the more visible uses of the RFID technology is found in the introduction of Exxon/Mobil's Speedpass® and Shell's EasyPay® products. These products use transponders placed in a fob or tag which enables automatic identification of the user when the fob is presented at a Point of Sale (POS) device. Fob identification data is typically passed to a third party server database, where the identification data is referenced to a customer (e.g., user) credit or debit account. In an exemplary processing method, the server seeks authorization for the transaction by passing the transaction and account data to an authorizing entity. Once authorization is received by the server, clearance is sent to the point of sale device for completion of the transaction. In this way, the conventional transaction processing method involves an indirect path which causes undue overhead due to the use of the third-party server.
- A need exists for a transaction authorization system which allows fob transactions to be authorized while eliminating the cost associated with using third-party servers.
- In addition, conventional fobs are limited in that they must be used in proximity to the Point of Sale device. That is, for fob activation, conventional fobs must be positioned within the area of transmission cast by the RF interrogation signal. More particularly, conventional fobs are not affective for use in situations where the user wishes to conduct a transaction at a point of interaction such as a computer interface.
- Therefore, a need exists for a fob embodying RFID acquisition technology, which is capable of use at a point of interaction device and which is additionally capable of facilitating transactions via a computer interface connected to a network (e.g., the Internet).
- Existing transponder-reader payment systems are also limited in that the conventional fob used in the systems is only responsive to one interrogation signal. Where multiple interrogation signals are used, the fob is only responsive to the interrogation signal to which it is configured. Thus, if the RFID reader of the system provides only an interrogation signal to which the fob is incompatible, the fob will not be properly activated.
- Therefore, a need exists for a fob which is responsive to more than one interrogation signal.
- Existing transponder-reader payment systems are additionally limited in that the payment systems are typically linked to a funding source with a predetermined spending limit. Thus no flexibility is provided in instances where the payment is requested which exceeds the predetermined spending limit. This is typically true since traditional methods for processing a requested transaction involve comparing the transaction to the spending limit or to an amount stored in a preloaded value data file prior to providing transaction authorization to a merchant.
- Thus, a system is needed which processes transponder-reader payment requests without comparing the amount of the request to the amount available from the transponder-reader payment system funding source or associated fob account data file.
- Further, traditional transponder-reader systems do not permit the user to manage the system user account data. This is extremely problematic where the user wishes to change a transponder-reader system funding source to a source which provides more available spending room, or where changes are made to user's status (e.g., change in address, phone number, email, etc.) for which the transponder-reader account provider wishes to readily update the user's account.
- Thus a need exists for a transponder-reader system which will allow the user limited access to the transponder-reader account for managing account data.
- Further still, existing transponder-reader systems do not permit means for automatically incenting the use of the fob associated with the system as opposed to the credit or charge card associated with the fob. That is, conventional transponder-reader systems do not provide a means for encouraging usage of the transponder reader system by encouraging use of the fob product since the present systems do not distinguish between usage of a system transponder and a charge or credit card account associated with the transponder.
- Consequently, a need exists for a transponder-reader system which is capable of determining when a system transponder is used, and incenting such usage.
- Sill further, present systems are limited in that the systems are unable to track credit or charge card usage and fob usage for a single funding source. For example, in typical prior art systems, a fob may be linked to a specified funding source (e.g., American Express, MasterCard, Visa, etc.) which may be used to provide funds for satisfaction of a transaction request. The funding source may additionally have a consumer credit or charge card which may be associated with the fob and which may be used for contact transactions. Where the credit or charge card is used, a statement reporting the card usage is provided to the card user. However, the reporting statement does not include a reporting of the fob product usage. Thus, a fob user is unable to chart, analyze or compare fob usage to the usage of the associated card. This is especially problematic where the funding source is used by more than one entity (e.g., spouses, multiple company personnel, etc.) where one entity may use the fob and a separate entity may use the card associated with the fob.
- Thus, a need exists for a transponder-reader payment system which would permit reporting of the fob usage and the credit card usage in a single file.
- Described herein is a system and method for using RFID technology to initiate and complete financial transactions. The transponder-reader payment system described herein may include a RFID reader operable to provide a RF interrogation signal for powering a transponder system, receiving a transponder system RF signal, and providing transponder system account data relative to the transponder system RF signal. The transponder-reader payment system may include a RFID protocol/sequence controller in electrical communication with one or more interrogators for providing an interrogation signal to a transponder, a RFID authentication circuit for authenticating the signal received from the transponder, a serial or parallel interface for interfacing with a point of interaction device, and an USB or serial interface for use in personalizing the RFID reader and/or the transponder. The transponder-reader payment system may further include a fob including one or more transponders (e.g., modules) responsive to one or more interrogation signals and for providing an authentication signal for verifying that the transponder and/or the RFID reader are authorized to operate within the transponder-reader payment system. In this way, the fob may be responsive to multiple interrogation signals provided at different frequencies. Further, the fob may include a USB or serial interface for use with a computer network or with the RFID reader.
- The RFID system and method according to the present invention may include a transponder which may be embodied in a fob, tag, card or any other form factor (e.g., wristwatch, keychain, cell phone, etc.), which may be capable of being presented for interrogation. In that regard, although the transponder is described herein as embodied in a fob, the invention is not so limited.
- The system may further include a RFID reader configured to send a standing RFID recognition signal which may be transmitted from the RFID reader via radio frequency (or electromagnetic) propagation. The fob may be placed within proximity to the RFID reader such that the RFID signal may interrogate the fob and initialize fob identification procedures.
- In one exemplary embodiment, as a part of the identification process, the fob and the RFID reader may engage in mutual authentication. The RFID reader may identify the fob as including an authorized system transponder for receiving encrypted information and storing the information on the fob memory. Similarly, the fob, upon interrogation by the RFID reader, may identify the RFID reader as authorized to receive the encrypted and stored information. Where the RFID reader and the fob successfully mutually authenticate, the fob may transmit to the RFID reader certain information identifying the transaction account or accounts to which the fob is associated. The RFID reader may receive the information and forward the information to facilitate the completion of a transaction. In one exemplary embodiment, the RFID reader may forward the information to a point of interaction device (e.g., POS or computer interface) for transaction completion. The mutual authorization process disclosed herein aids in ensuring fob transponder-reader payment system security.
- In another exemplary embodiment, the fob according to the present invention, includes means for completing transactions via a computer interface. The fob may be connected to the computer using a USB or serial interface fob account information may be transferred to the computer for use in completing a transaction via a network (e.g., the Internet).
- In yet another exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a system is provided which incents usage of the transponder-reader system transponder (e.g., fob). The system distinguishes between the usage of a fob and the usage of a charge or credit card sharing the same funding source as the fob. Where the fob is used, the system may provide reward points to the user based on criteria predetermined by the issuer. Additionally, where a preloaded fob system is used, the present invention recognizes when the associated fob preloaded value data file is loaded or reloaded with funds. The invention then may provide reward points based on the criteria associated with the loading or reloading action. Further, the system according to this invention may incent patronage of a merchant. In this case, the system may receive a fob transaction request and incent the fob user based on a marker or other identifying indicia correlated with the merchant. The marker may be included in the transaction identification, in a merchant identification provided with the transaction, or a combination of both.
- In still another exemplary embodiment of the invention, a system is disclosed which permits the user to manage the account associated with the fob. The user is provided limited access to the fob account information stored on the account provider database for updating, for example, demographic information, account funding source, and/or account restrictions (e.g., spending limits, personal identification number, etc.). Access to the account may be provided to the user telephonically or via a network (e.g., online).
- In yet another exemplary embodiment, a system permitting fob user access to manage the fob account permits the user to indicate loading, preloading and reloading value amounts for a preloaded data file or funding account. The fob user may be permitted access to a fob account provider (e.g. “issuer”) database for identifying a reload protocol which would indicate an initial amount for a preloaded funding source, the funding source from which to reload, the reloading frequency, whether reloading should be automatic or manual, and a decision flow for reloading based on merchant, type of transaction, or the like. The preloaded funding source may be any funding source associated with the fob, which contains value stored in a preloaded value data file redeemable during a merchant transaction request. The value amount contained in the preloaded value data file may be balanced against a merchant transaction request and depleted according to the transaction request. Consequently, the preloaded value data file may become depleted where the total value of the transaction request is equal to the value stored in the preloaded value data file.
- The system permits the fob user to automatically or manually reload the preloaded value data file to a specified value according to a predetermined criteria. The fob user may be permitted to access fob account information maintained on a issuer system (or access any other system which can facilitate access or changes), and establish on the issuer system a load/reload protocol for the fob account. The fob user may define that the fob preloaded value data file (e.g., “preload account”) may be loaded or reloaded according to a pre-identified merchant or class of transactions, etc. Where the fob user is completing a transaction on line, the fob user may be notified that a particular merchant transaction involves loading or that a merchant requests a particular funding source. Such notification may be in real-time, and the fob user may be permitted to indicate reloading of the preloaded value data file prior to completion of a transaction.
- In a further exemplary embodiment, the present invention provides methods for processing a transaction request whereby the amount of the transaction request may be approved prior to requesting funding from the funding source and/or verifying that the amount for completing the transaction is available. In this way, the transaction may be approved provided the transaction and/or account meets certain predetermined authorization criteria. Once the criteria is met, the transaction is authorized and authorization is provided to the requesting agent (e.g., merchant). In one instance the payment for the transaction is requested from the funding source simultaneously to, or immediately following, the providing of the authorization to the merchant. In another instance the payment for transactions is requested at a time period later than when the authorization is provided to the merchant.
- These features and other advantages of the system and method, as well as the structure and operation of various exemplary embodiments of the system and method, are described below.
- The accompanying drawings, wherein like numerals depict like elements, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention. In the drawings:
-
FIG. 1A illustrates an exemplary RFID-based system in accordance with the present invention, wherein exemplary components used for fob transaction completion are depicted; -
FIG. 1B illustrates an exemplary personalization system in accordance with the present invention; -
FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary fob in accordance with the present invention; -
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of an exemplary RFID reader in accordance with the present invention; -
FIG. 4 is an exemplary flow diagram of an exemplary authentication process in accordance with the present invention; -
FIG. 5 is an exemplary flow diagram of an exemplary decision process for a protocol/sequence controller in accordance with the present invention; -
FIGS. 6A-B are an exemplary flow diagram of a fob personalization process in accordance with the present invention; -
FIGS. 7A-B are an exemplary flow diagram of a RFID reader personalization process in accordance with the present invention; -
FIG. 8 is a flow diagram of an exemplary payment/transaction process in accordance with the present invention; -
FIG. 9 is another schematic illustration of an exemplary fob in accordance with the present invention; -
FIG. 10 is a depiction of an exemplary preloaded fob payment/transaction process in accordance with the present invention; -
FIGS. 11A-B are a depiction of an exemplary preloaded fob account reload process in accordance with the present invention; -
FIG. 12 is a depiction of an exemplary Direct Link payment/transaction process in accordance with the present invention; and -
FIG. 13 is a depiction of another exemplary payment/transaction process in accordance with the present invention. - The present invention may be described herein in terms of functional block components, screen shots, optional selections and various processing steps. Such functional blocks may be realized by any number of hardware and/or software components configured to perform to specified functions. For example, the present invention may employ various integrated circuit components, e.g., memory elements, processing elements, logic elements, look-up tables, and the like, which may carry out a variety of functions under the control of one or more microprocessors or other control devices. Similarly, the software elements of the present invention may be implemented with any programming or scripting language such as C, C++, Java, COBOL, assembler, PERL, extensible markup language (XML), JavaCard and MULTOS with the various algorithms being implemented with any combination of data structures, objects, processes, routines or other programming elements. Further, it should be noted that the present invention may employ any number of conventional techniques for data transmission, signaling, data processing, network control, and the like. For a basic introduction on cryptography, review a text written by Bruce Schneier entitled “Applied Cryptography: Protocols, Algorithms, and Source Code in C,” published by John Wiley & Sons (second edition, 1996), herein incorporated by reference.
- In addition, many applications of the present invention could be formulated. The exemplary network disclosed herein may include any system for exchanging data or transacting business, such as the internet, an intranet, an extranet, WAN, LAN, satellite communications, and/or the like. It is noted that the network may be implemented as other types of networks, such as an interactive television network (ITN).
- Where required, the system user may interact with the system via any input device such as, a keypad, keyboard, mouse, kiosk, personal digital assistant, handheld computer (e.g., Palm Pilot®, Blueberry®), cellular phone and/or the like. Similarly, the invention could be used in conjunction with any type of personal computer, network computer, work station, minicomputer, mainframe, or the like running any operating system such as any version of Windows, Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows 98, Windows 95, MacOS, OS/2, BeOS, Linux, UNIX, Solaris or the like. Moreover, although the invention may frequently be described as being implemented with TCP/IP communications protocol, it should be understood that the invention could also be implemented using SNA, IPX, Appletalk, IPte, NetBIOS, OSI or any number of communications protocols. Moreover, the system contemplates, the use, sale, or distribution of any goods, services or information over any network having similar functionality described herein.
-
FIG. 1A illustrates an exemplaryRFID transaction system 100A in accordance with the present invention, wherein exemplary components for use in completing a fob transaction are depicted. In general, the operation ofsystem 100A may begin whenfob 102 is presented for payment, and is interrogated byRFID reader 104 or, alternatively,interface 134.Fob 102 andRFID reader 104 may then engage in mutual authentication after which thetransponder 102 may provide the transponder identification and/or account identifier to theRFID reader 104 which may further provide the information to themerchant system 130POS device 110. -
System 100A may include afob 102 having atransponder 114 and aRFID reader 104 in RF communication withfob 102. Although the present invention is described with respect to afob 102, the invention is not to be so limited. Indeed,system 100 may include any device having a transponder which is configured to communicate with aRFID reader 104 via RF communication. Typical devices may include, for example, a key ring, tag, card, cell phone, wristwatch or any such form capable of being presented for interrogation. - The
RFID reader 104 may be configured to communicate using a RFIDinternal antenna 106. Alternatively,RFID reader 104 may include anexternal antenna 108 for communications withfob 102, where the external antenna may be made remote to theRFID reader 104 using a suitable cable and/ordata link 120.RFID reader 104 may be further in communication with amerchant system 130 via adata link 122. Thesystem 100A may include a transaction completion system including a point of interaction device such as, for example, a merchant point of sale (POS)device 110 or a computer interface (e.g., user interface) 134. In one exemplary embodiment the transaction completion system may include amerchant system 130 including thePOS device 110 in communication with a RFID reader 104 (via data link 122). As described more fully below, the transaction completion system may include theuser interface 134 connected to anetwork 136 and to the transponder via aUSB connector 132. - Although the point of interaction device is described herein with respect to a merchant point of sale (POS) device, the invention is not to be so limited. Indeed, a merchant POS device is used herein by way of example, and the point of interaction device may be any device capable of receiving fob account data. In this regard, the POS may be any point of interaction device enabling the user to complete a transaction using a
fob 102.POS device 110 may be in further communication with a customer interface 118 (via data link 128) for entering at least a customer identity verification information. In addition,POS device 110 may be in communication with a merchant host network 112 (via data link 124) for processing any transaction request. In this arrangement, information provided byRFID reader 104 is provided to thePOS device 110 ofmerchant system 130 viadata link 122. ThePOS device 110 may receive the information (and alternatively may receive any identity verifying information fromcustomer interface 118 via data link 128) and provide the information tohost system 112 for processing. - A variety of conventional communications media and protocols may be used for
data links data links merchant system 130 including thePOS device 110 andhost network 112 may reside on a local area network which interfaces to a remote network (not shown) for remote authorization of an intended transaction. Themerchant system 130 may communicate with the remote network via a leased line, such as a T1, D3 line, or the like. Such communications lines are described in a variety of texts, such as, “Understanding Data Communications,” by Gilbert Held, which is incorporated herein by reference. - An account number, as used herein, may include any identifier for an account (e.g., credit, charge debit, checking, savings, reward, loyalty, or the like) which may be maintained by a transaction account provider (e.g., payment authorization center) and which may be used to complete a financial transaction. A typical account number (e.g., account data) may be correlated to a credit or debit account, loyalty account, or rewards account maintained and serviced by such entities as American Express®, Visa® and/or MasterCard® or the like. For ease in understanding, the present invention may be described with respect to a credit account. However, it should be noted that the invention is not so limited and other accounts permitting an exchange of goods and services for an account data value is contemplated to be within the scope of the present invention.
- In addition, the account number (e.g., account data) may be associated with any device, code, or other identifier/indicia suitably configured to allow the consumer to interact or communicate with the system, such as, for example, authorization/access code, personal identification number (PIN), Internet code, digital certificate, biometric data, and/or other identification indicia. The account number may be optionally located on a rewards card, charge card, credit card, debit card, prepaid card, telephone card, smart card, magnetic stripe card, bar code card, and/or the like. The account number may be distributed and stored in any form of plastic, electronic, magnetic, and/or optical device capable of transmitting or downloading data to a second device. A customer account number may be, for example, a sixteen-digit credit card number, although each credit provider has its own numbering system, such as the fifteen-digit numbering system used by American Express®. Each company's credit card numbers comply with that company's standardized format such that the company using a sixteen-digit format will generally use four spaced sets of numbers, as represented by the number “0000 0000 0000 0000”. In a typical example, the first five to seven digits are reserved for processing purposes and identify the issuing bank, card type and, etc. In this example, the last sixteenth digit is used as a sum check for the sixteen-digit number. The intermediary eight-to-ten digits are used to uniquely identify the customer. The account number stored as
Track 1 andTrack 2 data as defined in ISO/IEC 7813, and further may be made unique tofob 102. In one exemplary embodiment, the account number may include a unique fob serial number and user identification number, as well as specific application applets. The account number may be stored infob 102 inside adatabase 214, as described more fully below.Database 214 may be configured to store multiple account numbers issued to thefob 102 user by the same or different account providing institutions. Where the account data corresponds to a loyalty or rewards account, thedatabase 214 may be configured to store the attendant loyalty or rewards points data. -
FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of the many functional blocks of anexemplary fob 102 in accordance with the present invention.Fob 102 may be aRFID fob 102 which may be presented by the user to facilitate an exchange of funds or points, etc., for receipt of goods or services. As described herein, by way of example, thefob 102 may be a RFID fob which may be presented for facilitating payment for goods and/or services. -
Fob 102 may include anantenna 202 for receiving an interrogation signal fromRFID reader 104 via antenna 106 (or alternatively, via external antenna 108).Fob antenna 202 may be in communication with atransponder 114. In one exemplary embodiment,transponder 114 may be a 13.56 MHz transponder compliant with the ISO/IEC 14443 standard, andantenna 202 may be of the 13 MHz variety. Thetransponder 114 may be in communication with a transponder compatible modulator/demodulator 206 configured to receive the signal fromtransponder 114 and configured to modulate the signal into a format readable by any later connected circuitry. Further, modulator/demodulator 206 may be configured to format (e.g., demodulate) a signal received from the later connected circuitry in a format compatible withtransponder 114 for transmitting toRFID reader 104 viaantenna 202. For example, wheretransponder 114 is of the 13.56 MHz variety, modulator/demodulator 206 may be ISO/IEC 14443-2 compliant. - Modulator/
demodulator 206 may be coupled to a protocol/sequence controller 208 for facilitating control of the authentication of the signal provided byRFID reader 104, and for facilitating control of the sending of thefob 102 account number. In this regard, protocol/sequence controller 208 may be any suitable digital or logic driven circuitry capable of facilitating determination of the sequence of operation for thefob 102 inner-circuitry. For example, protocol/sequence controller 208 may be configured to determine whether the signal provided by theRFID reader 104 is authenticated, and thereby providing to theRFID reader 104 the account number stored onfob 102. - Protocol/
sequence controller 208 may be further in communication withauthentication circuitry 210 for facilitating authentication of the signal provided byRFID reader 104. Authentication circuitry may be further in communication with a non-volatilesecure memory database 212.Secure memory database 212 may be any suitable elementary file system such as that defined by ISO/IEC 7816-4 or any other elementary file system allowing a lookup of data to be interpreted by the application on the chip.Database 212 may be any type of database, such as relational, hierarchical, object-oriented, and/or the like. Common database products that may be used to implement the databases include DB2 by IBM (White Plains, N.Y.), any of the database products available from Oracle Corporation (Redwood Shores, Calif.), Microsoft Access or MSSQL by Microsoft Corporation (Redmond, Wash.), or any other database product.Database 212 may be organized in any suitable manner, including as data tables or lookup tables. Association of certain data may be accomplished through any data association technique known and practiced in the art. For example, the association may be accomplished either manually or automatically. Automatic association techniques may include, for example, a database search, a database merge, GREP, AGREP, SQL, and/or the like. The association step may be accomplished by a database merge function, for example, using a “key field” in each of the manufacturer and retailer data tables. A “key field” partitions the database according to the high-level class of objects defined by the key field. For example, a certain class may be designated as a key field in both the first data table and the second data table, and the two data tables may then be merged on the basis of the class data in the key field. In this embodiment, the data corresponding to the key field in each of the merged data tables is preferably the same. However, data tables having similar, though riot identical, data in the key fields may also be merged by using AGREP, for example. - The data may be used by protocol/
sequence controller 208 for data analysis and used for management and control purposes, as well as security purposes. Authentication circuitry may authenticate the signal provided byRFC reader 104 by association of the RFID signal to authentication keys stored ondatabase 212. Encryption circuitry may use keys stored ondatabase 212 to perform encryption and/or decryption of signals sent to or from theRFID reader 104. - In addition, protocol/
sequence controller 208 may be in communication with adatabase 214 for storing at least afob 102 account data, and aunique fob 102 identification code. Protocol/sequence controller 208 may be configured to retrieve the account number fromdatabase 214 as desired.Database 214 may be of the same configuration asdatabase 212 described above. The fob account data and/or unique fob identification code stored ondatabase 214 may be encrypted prior to storage. Thus, where protocol/sequence controller 208 retrieves the account data, and or unique fob identification code fromdatabase 214, the account number may be encrypted when being provided toRFID reader 104. Further, the data stored ondatabase 214 may include, for example, an unencryptedunique fob 102 identification code, a user identification,Track -
Fob 102 may be configured to respond to multiple interrogation frequency transmissions provided byRFID reader 104. That is, as described more fully below,RFID reader 104 may provide more than one RF interrogation signal. In this case,fob 102 may be configured to respond to the multiple frequencies by including infob 102 one or more additional RF signal receiving/transmittingunits 226. RF signal receiving/transmittingunit 226 may include anantenna 218 andtransponder 220 where theantenna 218 andtransponder 220 are compatible with at least one of the additional RF signals provided byRFID reader 104. For example, in one exemplary embodiment,fob 102 may include a 134KHz antenna 218 configured to communicate with a 134KHz transponder 220. In this exemplary configuration, an ISO/IEC 14443-2 compliant modulator/demodulator may not be required. Instead, the 134 KHz transponder may be configured to communicate directly with the protocol/sequence controller 208 for transmission and receipt of authentication and account number signals as described above. - In another embodiment,
fob 102 may further include a universal serial bus (USB)connector 132 for interfacingfob 102 to auser interface 134.User interface 134 may be further in communication with aPOS device 110 via anetwork 136.Network 136 may be the Internet, an intranet, or the like as is described above with respect tonetwork 112. Further, theuser interface 134 may be similar in construction to any conventional input devices and/or computing systems aforementioned for permitting the system user to interact with the system. In one exemplary embodiment,fob 102 may be configured to facilitate online Internet payments. AUSB converter 222 may be in communication with a USB connector 232 for facilitating the transfer of information between the modulator/demodulator 206 andUSB connector 132. Alternatively,USB converter 222 may be in communication with protocol/sequence controller 208 to facilitate the transfer of information between protocol/sequence controller 208 andUSB connector 132. - Where
fob 102 includes aUSB connector 132,fob 102 may be in communication with, for example, a USB port onuser interface 134. The information retrieved fromfob 102 may be compatible with credit card and/or smart card technology enabling usage of interactive applications on the Internet. No RFID reader may be required in this embodiment since the connection toPOS device 110 may be made using a USB port onuser interface 134 and anetwork 136. -
Fob 102 may include means for enabling activation of the fob by the user. In one exemplary embodiment, a switch 230 which may be operated by the user of thefob 102. The switch 230 onfob 102 may be used to selectively or inclusively activate thefob 102 for particular uses. In this context, the term “selectively” may mean that the switch 230 enables the user to place thefob 102 in a particular operational mode. For example, the user may place thefob 102 in a mode for enabling purchase of a good or of a service using a selected account number. Alternatively, the fob may be placed in a mode as such that the fob account number is provided by USB port 132 (or serial port) only and thefob transponder 114 is disabled. In addition, the term “inclusively” may mean that thefob 102 is placed in an operational mode permitting thefob 102 to be responsive to the RF interrogation and interrogation via theUSB connector 132. In one particular embodiment, the switch 230 may remain in an OFF position ensuring that one or more applications or accounts associated with thefob 102 are non-reactive to any commands issued byRFID reader 104. As used herein, the OFF position may be termed the “normal” position of the activation switch 230, although other normal positions are contemplated. - In another exemplary embodiment, when the switch 230 is moved from the OFF position, the
fob 102 may be deemed activated by the user. That is, the switch 230 may activate internal circuitry infob 102 for permitting the fob to be responsive to RF signals (e.g., commands from RFID reader 104). In this way, switch 230 may facilitate control of the active and inactive states of thefob 102. Such control increases the system security by preventing inadvertent or illegal use of thefob 102. - In one exemplary embodiment, switch 230 may be a simple mechanical device in communication with circuitry which may electrically prevent the fob from being powered by a RFID reader. That is, when switch 230 is in its normal position, switch 230 may provide a short to the
fob 102 internal circuitry, preventingfob 102 from being responsive to interrogation by RF or via the USB connector 230. In this arrangement, the switch 230 may be, for example, a “normally closed” (NC) configured switch, which may be electrically connected to theantenna 202 at the interface of theantenna 202 and thetransponder 114. The switch 230 may be depressed, which may open the switch 230 fully activating theantenna 202. - In yet another exemplary embodiment, the
fob 102 may include a biometric sensor and biometric membrane configured to operate as switch 230 and activate thefob 102 when provided biometric signal from thefob 102 user. Such biometric signal may be the digital reading of a fingerprint, thumbprint, or the like. Typically, where biometric circuitry is used, the biometric circuitry may be powered by an internal voltage source (e.g., battery). In this case, the switch may not be a simple mechanical device, but a switch which is powered. In yet another exemplary embodiment, switch 230 may be battery powered though no biometric circuitry is present in thefob 102. - In yet another embodiment, the switch 230 may be a logic switch. Where switch 230 is a logic switch the switch 230 control software may be read from the
sequence controller 208 to selectively control the activation of thevarious fob 102 components. -
FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary block diagram of aRFID reader 104 in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.RFID reader 104 includes, for example, anantenna 106 coupled to aRF module 302, which is further coupled to acontrol module 304. In addition,RFID reader 104 may include anantenna 108 positioned remotely from theRFID reader 104 and coupled toRFID reader 104 via asuitable cable 120, or other wire or wireless connection. -
RF module 302 andantenna 106 may be suitably configured to facilitate communication withfob 102. Wherefob 102 is formatted to receive a signal at a particular RF frequency,RF module 302 may be configured to provide an interrogation signal at that same frequency. For example, in one exemplary embodiment,fob 102 may be configured to respond to an interrogation signal of about 13.56 MHz. In this case,RFID antenna 106 may be 13 MHz and may be configured to transmit an interrogation signal of about 13.56 MHz. That is,fob 102 may be configured to include a first and second RF module (e.g., transponder) where the first module may operate using a 134 kHz frequency and the second RF module may operate using a 13.56 MHz frequency. TheRFID reader 104 may include two receivers which may operate using the 134 kHz frequency, the 13.56 MHz frequency or both. When thereader 104 is operating at 134 kHz frequency, only operation with the 134 kHz module on thefob 102 may be possible. When thereader 104 is operating at the 13.56 MHz frequency, only operation with the 13.56 MHz module on thefob 102 may be possible. Where thereader 104 supports both a 134 kHz frequency and a 13.56 MHz RF module, thefob 102 may receive both signals from thereader 104. In this case, thefob 102 may be configured to prioritize selection of the one or the other frequency and reject the remaining frequency. Alternatively, thereader 104 may receive signals at both frequencies from the fob upon interrogation. In this case, thereader 104 may be configured to prioritize selection of one or the other frequency and reject the remaining frequency. - Further, protocol/
sequence controller 314 may include an optional feedback function for notifying the user of the status of a particular transaction. For example, the optional feedback may be in the form of an LED, LED screen and/or other visual display which is configured to light up or display a static, scrolling, flashing and/or other message and/or signal to inform thefob 102 user that the transaction is initiated (e.g., fob is being interrogated), the fob is valid (e.g., fob is authenticated), transaction is being processed, (e.g., fob account number is being read by RFID reader) and/or the transaction is accepted or denied (e.g., transaction approved or disapproved). Such an optional feedback may or may not be accompanied by an audible indicator (or may present the audible indicator singly) for informing thefob 102 user of the transaction status. The audible feedback may be a simple tone, multiple tones, musical indicator, and/or voice indicator configured to signify when thefob 102 is being interrogated, the transaction status, or the like. -
RFID antenna 106 may be in communication with atransponder 306 for transmitting an interrogation signal and receiving at least one of an authentication request signal and/or an account data fromfob 102.Transponder 306 may be of similar description astransponder 114 ofFIG. 2 . In particular,transponder 306 may be configured to send and/or receive RF signals in a format compatible withantenna 202 in similar manner as was described with respect tofob transponder 114. For example, wheretransponder 306 is 13.56 MHz RF ratedantenna 202 may be 13.56 MHz compatible. Similarly, wheretransponder 306 is ISO/IEC 14443 rated,antenna 106 may be ISO/IEC 14443 compatible. -
RF module 302 may include, for example,transponder 306 in communication withauthentication circuitry 308 which may be in communication with asecure database 310.Authentication circuitry 308 anddatabase 310 may be of similar description and operation as described with respect toauthentication circuitry 210 andsecure memory database 212 ofFIG. 2 . For example,database 310 may store data corresponding to thefob 102 which are authorized to transact business oversystem 100.Database 310 may additionally storeRFID reader 104 identifying information for providing to fob 102 for use in authenticating whetherRFID reader 104 is authorized to be provided the fob account number stored onfob database 214. -
Authentication circuitry 308 may be of similar description and operation asauthentication circuitry 210. That is,authentication circuitry 308 may be configured to authenticate the signal provided byfob 102 in similar manner thatauthentication circuitry 210 may be configured to authenticate the signal provided byRHD reader 104. As is described more fully below,fob 102 andRFID reader 104 engage in mutual authentication. In this context, “mutual authentication” may mean that operation of thesystem 100 may not take place untilfob 102 authenticates the signal fromRFID reader 104, andRFID reader 104 authenticates the signal fromfob 102. -
FIG. 4 is a flowchart of an exemplary authentication process in accordance with the present invention. The authentication process is depicted as one-sided. That is, the flowchart depicts the process of theRFID reader 104 authenticating thefob 102, although similar steps may be followed in the instance that fob 102 authenticatesRFID reader 104. - As noted,
database 212 may store security keys for encrypting or decrypting signals received fromRFID reader 104. In an exemplary authentication process, whereRFID reader 104 is authenticatingfob 102,RFID reader 104 may provide an interrogation signal to fob 102 (step 402). The interrogation signal may include a random code generated by the RFIDreader authentication circuit 210, which is provided to thefob 102 and which is encrypted using an unique encryption key corresponding to thefob 102 unique identification code. For example, the protocol/sequence controller 314 may provide a command to activate theauthentication circuitry 308.Authentication circuitry 308 may provide from database 310 a fob interrogation signal including a random number as a part of the authentication code generated for each authentication signal. The authentication code may be an alphanumeric code which is recognizable (e.g., readable) by theRFID reader 104 and thefob 102. The authentication code may be provided to thefob 102 via theRFID RF interface 306 and antenna 106 (or alternatively antenna 108). -
Fob 102 receives the interrogation signal (step 404). The interrogation signal including the authorization code may be received at theRF interface 114 viaantenna 202. Once thefob 102 is activated, the interrogation signal including the authorization code may be provided to the modulator/demodulator circuit 206 where the signal may be demodulated prior to providing the signal to protocol/sequence controller 208. Protocol/sequence controller 208 may recognize the interrogation signal as a request for authentication of thefob 102, and provide the authentication code toauthentication circuit 210. Thefob 102 may then encrypt the authentication code (step 406). In particular, encryption may be done byauthentication circuit 210, which may receive the authentication code and encrypt the code prior to providing the encrypted authentication code to protocol/sequence controller 208.Fob 102 may then provide the encrypted authentication code to the RFID reader 104 (step 408). That is, the encrypted authentication code may be provided to theRFID reader 104 via modulator/demodulator circuit 206, RF interface 114 (e.g., transponder 114) andantenna 202. -
RFID reader 104 may then receive the encrypted authentication code and decryption it (step 410). That is, the encrypted authentication code may be received atantenna 106 andRF interface 306 and may be provided toauthentication circuit 308.Authentication circuit 308 may be provided a security authentication key (e.g., transponder system decryption key) fromdatabase 310. The authentication circuit may use the authentication key to decrypt (e.g., unlock) the encrypted authorization code. The authentication key may be provided to the authentication circuit based on thefob 102 unique identification code. For example, the encrypted authentication code may be provided along with theunique fob 102 identification code. The authentication circuit may receive thefob 102 unique identification code and retrieve from the database 310 a transponder system decryption key correlative to theunique fob 102 identification code for use in decrypting the encrypted authentication code. - Once the authentication code is decrypted, the decrypted authentication code is compared to the authentication code provided by the
RFID reader 104 at step 402 (step 412) to verify its authenticity. If the decrypted authorization code is not readable (e.g., recognizable) by theauthentication circuit 308, thefob 102 is deemed to be unauthorized (e.g., unverified) (step 416) and the operation ofsystem 100 is terminated (step 418). Contrarily, if the decrypted authorization code is recognizable (e.g., verified) by thefob 102, the decrypted authorization code is deemed to be authenticated (step 412), and the transaction is allowed to proceed (step 414). In one particular embodiment, the proceeding transaction may mean that thefob 102 may authenticate theRFID reader 104 prior to theRFID reader 104authenticating fob 102, although, it should be apparent that theRFID reader 104 may authenticate thefob 102 prior to thefob 102 authenticating theRFID reader 104. - It should be noted that in an exemplary verification process, the
authorization circuit 308 may determine whether the unlocked authorization code is identical to the authorization code provided instep 402. If the codes are not identical then thefob 102 is not authorized to accesssystem 100. Although, the verification process is described with respect to identicality, identicality is not required. For example,authentication circuit 308 may verify the decrypted code through any protocol, steps, or process for determining whether the decrypted code corresponds to an authorizedfob 102. -
Authentication circuitry 308 may additionally be in communication with a protocol/sequence controller 314 of similar operation and description as protocol/sequence controller 208 ofFIG. 2 . That is, protocol/sequence device controller 314 may be configured to determine the order of operation of theRFID reader 104 components. For example,FIG. 5 illustrates and exemplary decision process under which protocol/sequence controller 314 may operate. Protocol/sequence controller 314 may command the different components ofRFID reader 104 based on whether afob 102 is present (step 502). For example, if afob 102 is not present, then protocol/sequence controller 314 may command theRFID reader 104 to provide an uninterrupted interrogation signal (step 504). That is, the protocol/sequence controller may command theauthentication circuit 308 to provide an uninterrupted interrogation signal until the presence of afob 102 is realized. If afob 102 is present, the protocol/sequence controller 314 may command theRFID reader 104 to authenticate the fob 102 (step 506). - As noted above, authentication may mean that the protocol/
sequence controller 314 may command theauthentication circuit 308 to providefob 102 with an authorization code. If a response is received fromfob 102, protocol/sequence controller may determine if the response is a response to theRFID reader 104 provided authentication code, or if the response is a signal requiring authentication (step 508). If the signal requires authentication, then the protocol/sequence controller 314 may activate the authentication circuit as described above (step 506). On the other hand, if thefob 102 signal is a response to the provided authentication code, then the protocol/sequence controller 314 may command theRFID reader 104 to retrieve the appropriate security key for enabling recognition of the signal (step 510). That is, the protocol/sequence controller 314 may command theauthentication circuit 308 to retrieve from database 310 a security key (e.g., transponder system decryption key), unlock the signal, and compare the signal to the signal provided by theRFID reader 104 in the authentication process (e.g., step 506). If the signal is recognized, the protocol/sequence controller 314 may determine that thefob 102 is authorized to access thesystem 100. If the signal is not recognized, then thefob 102 is considered not authorized. In which case, the protocol/sequence controller 314 may command the RFID controller to interrogate for authorized fobs (step 504). - Once the protocol/sequence controller determines that the
fob 102 is authorized, the protocol/sequence controller 314 may seek to determine if additional signals are being sent by fob 102 (step 514). If no additional signal is provided byfob 102, then the protocol/sequence controller 314 may provide all the components ofRFID reader 104 to remain idle until such time as a signal is provided (step 516). Contrarily, where anadditional fob 102 signal is provided, the protocol/sequence controller 314 may determine if thefob 102 is requesting access to the merchant point of sale terminal 110 (e.g., POS device) or if thefob 102 is attempting to interrogate theRFID reader 104 for return (e.g., mutual) authorization (step 518). Where thefob 102 is requesting access to a merchant point ofsale terminal 110, the protocol/sequence controller 314 may command theRFID reader 104 to open communications with the point of sale terminal 110 (step 524). In particular, the protocol/sequence controller 314 may command the point of saleterminal communications interface 312 to become active, permitting transfer of data between theRFID reader 104 and the merchant point ofsale terminal 110. - On the other hand, if the protocol/sequence controller determines that the
fob 102 signal is a mutual interrogation signal, then the protocol/sequence controller may command theRFID reader 104 to encrypt the signal (step 520). The protocol/sequence controller 314 may command the encryption authentication circuit 318 to retrieve fromdatabase 320 the appropriate encryption key in response to thefob 102 mutual interrogation signal. The protocol/sequence controller 314 may then command theRFID reader 104 to provide the encrypted mutual interrogation signal to thefob 102. The protocol/sequence controller 314 may command the authentication circuit 318 to provide an encrypted mutual interrogation signal for thefob 102 to mutually authenticate.Fob 102 may then receive the encrypted mutual interrogation signal and retrieve from authentication circuitry 212 a RFID reader decryption key. - Although an exemplary decision process of protocol/
sequence controller 314 is described, it should be understood that a similar decision process may be undertaken by protocol/sequence controller 208 in controlling the components offob 102. Indeed, as described above, protocol/sequence controller 314 may have similar operation and design as protocol/sequence controller 208. In addition, to the above, protocol/sequence controllers - Encryption/decryption component 318 may be further in communication with a secure
account number database 320 which stores the security keys necessary for decrypting the encrypted fob account number. Upon appropriate request from protocol/sequence controller 314, encryption/decryption component (e.g., circuitry 318) may retrieve the appropriate security key, decrypt the fob account number and forward the decrypted account number toprotocol sequence controller 314 in any format readable by any later connectedPOS device 110. In one exemplary embodiment, the account number may be forwarded in a conventional magnetic stripe format compatible with the ISO/IEC 7813 standard. Upon receiving the account number in magnetic stripe format, protocol/sequence controller 314 may forward the account number toPOS device 110 via acommunications interface 312 and data link 122, as best shown inFIG. 1 .POS device 110 may receive the decrypted account number and forward the magnetic stripe formatted account number to amerchant network 112 for processing under the merchant's business as usual standard. In this way, the present invention eliminates the need of a third-party server. Further, where thePOS device 110 receives a response from network 112 (e.g., transaction authorized or denied), protocol/sequence controller 314 may provide the network response to theRF module 302 for optically and/or audibly communicating the response to thefob 102 user. -
RFID reader 104 may additionally include aUSB interface 316, in communication with the protocol/sequence controller 314. In one embodiment, the USB interface may be a RS22 serial data interface. Alternatively, theRFID reader 104 may include a serial interface such as, for example, a RS232 interface in communication with the protocol/sequence controller 314. TheUSB connector 316 may be in communication with a personalization system 116 (shown inFIG. 1B ) for initializingRFID reader 104 tosystem 100 application parameters. That is, prior to operation ofsystem 100,RFID reader 104 may be in communication withpersonalization system 116 for populatingdatabase 310 with a listing of security keys belonging to authorizedfobs 102, and for populatingdatabase 320 with the security keys to decrypt thefob 102 account numbers placing the account numbers in ISO/IEC 7813 format. In this way,RFID reader 104 may be populated with a unique identifier (e.g., serial number) which may be used byfob authentication circuitry 210 to determine ifRFID reader 104 is authorized to receive afob 102 encrypted account number. -
FIG. 1B illustrates an exemplary personalization system 100B, in accordance with the present invention. In general, typical personalization system 100B may be any system for initializing theRFID reader 104 and fob 102 for use insystem 100A. With reference toFIG. 1B , the similar personalization process forfob 102 may be illustrated. For example,personalization system 116 may be in communication withfob 102 via RF ISO 14443interface 114 for populatingfob database 212 with the security keys for facilitating authentication of theunique RFID reader 104 identifier. In addition,personalization system 116 may populate on database 212 aunique fob 102 identifier for use byRFID reader 104 in determining whetherfob 102 is authorized to accesssystem 100.Personalization system 116 may populate (e.g., inject) theencrypted fob 102 account number intofob database 214 for later providing to an authenticatedRFID reader 104. - In one exemplary embodiment,
personalization system 116 may include any standard computing system as described above. For example,personalization system 116 may include a standard personal computer containing a hardware security module operable using any conventional graphic user interface. Prior to populating the security key information account number and unique identifying information into thefob 102 orRFID reader 104, the hardware security module may authenticate thefob 102 andRFID reader 104 to verify that the components are authorized to receive the secure information. -
FIGS. 6A-B illustrate an exemplary flowchart of a personalization procedure which may be used to personalizefob 102 and/orRFID reader 104. Although the following description discusses mainly personalization offob 102,RFID reader 104 may be personalized using a similar process. The personalization process, which occurs between thepersonalization system 116 and the device to be personalized (e.g.,fob 102 or RFID reader 104), may begin, for example atstep 602. Mutual authentication may occur between thepersonalization system 116 and the device to be authenticated in much the same manner as was described above with regard tofob 102 mutually authenticating withRFID reader 104. That is,personalization system 116 may transmit apersonalization system 116 identifier to the device to be authenticated which is compared by thedevice authentication circuitry device database personalization system 116 using any suitable system interface such as, for example, a keyboard (step 606). Where thepersonalization system 116 operator elects to delay the preparation of the personalization files, thesystem 116 may abort the personalization process (step 610). In this context, the personalization file may include theunique fob 102 orRFID reader 104 identifier, security key for loading intodatabase database 320. -
Fob 102 may be personalized by direct connection to thepersonalization system 116 via RF ISO/IEC 14443interface 114, or thefob 102 may be personalized usingRFID reader 104.Personalization system 116 andRFID reader 104 may engage in mutual authentication andRFID reader 104 may be configured to transmit the fob personalization file to fob 102 via RF. Once thefob 102 is presented to RFID reader 104 (steps 608, 614) for personalization,fob 102 andRFID reader 104 may engage in mutual authentication (step 614). Where thefob 102 is not presented to theRFID reader 104 for personalization, the personalization process may be aborted (step 610). - If the
fob 102 is detected, thepersonalization system 116 may create as a part of the personalization file, a unique identifier for providing to the fob 102 (step 616). The identifier is unique in that one identifier may be given only to a single fob. That is, no other fob may have that same identifier. The fob may then be configured and loaded with that identifier (step 618). - The
encrypted fob 102 account number may be populated intofob 102 in the same manner as is described with respect to thefob 102 unique identifier. That is,personalization system 116 may pre-encrypt the account data (step 640) and inject the encrypted account into fob database 214 (step 622). The encrypted account data may be loaded (e.g., injected) into thefob 102 usingRFID reader 104 as discussed above. - Once the personalization file is populated into the
fob 102, the populated information is irreversibly locked to prevent alteration, unauthorized reading and/or unauthorized access (step 624).Personalization system 116 may then create a log of the personalization file information for later access and analysis by thepersonalization system 116 user (step 626). - It should be noted that in the event the personalization process is compromised or interrupted (step 628), the
personalization system 116 may send a security alert to the user (step 630) and the personalization process may be aborted (step 612). On the other hand, where no such compromising or interruption exists, thepersonalization system 116 may be prepared to begin initialization on a second device to be personalized (step 632). -
FIGS. 7A-B illustrate another exemplary embodiment of a personalization process which may be used to personalizeRFID reader 104.RFID reader 104 may be in communication with apersonalization system 116 via RFID reader USB connection 316 (step 702). Once connected,personalization system 116 may establish communications with theRFID reader 104 andRFID reader 104 may providepersonalization system 116 anyRFID reader 104 identification data presently stored on the RFID reader 104 (step 704). In accordance withstep 708, where theRFID reader 104 is being personalized for the first time (step 706) theRFID reader 104 and thepersonalization system 116 may engage in mutual authentication as described above with respect toFIGS. 6A-B . After the mutual authentication is complete,personalization system 116 may verify thatRFID reader 104 is properly manufactured or configured to operate withinsystem 100. The verification may include evaluating the operation of theRFID reader 104 by determining if the RFID reader will accept predetermined default settings. That is, thepersonalization system 116 may then provide the RFID reader 104 a set of default settings (step 708) and determine if theRFID reader 104 accepts those settings (step 712). IfRFID reader 104 does not accept the default settings,personalization system 116 may abort the personalization process (step 714). - If the
personalization system 116 determines that the personalization process is not the first personalization process undertaken by the RFID reader 104 (step 706),personalization system 116 andRFID reader 104 may engage in a mutual authentication process using the existing security keys already stored on RFID reader 104 (step 710). If authentication is unsuccessful (step 712), thepersonalization system 116 may abort the personalization process (step 714). - Where the
personalization system 116 and theRFID reader 104 successfully mutually authenticate, thepersonalization system 116 may update theRFID reader 104 security keys (step 716). Updating the security keys may take place at any time as determined by asystem 100 manager. The updating may take place as part of a routine maintenance or merely to install current security key data. The updating may be performed by downloading firmware into RFID reader 104 (step 718). In the event that thepersonalization system 116 determines instep 706 that theRFID reader 104 is undergoing an initial personalization, the firmware may be loaded into theRFID reader 104 for the first time. In this context, “firmware” may include any file which enables theRFID reader 102 to operate undersystem 100 guidelines. For example, such guidelines may be directed toward the operation of RFID reader protocol/sequence controller 314. -
Personalization system 116 may then determine if the personalization keys (e.g., security keys, decryption keys, RFID identifier) need to be updated or if theRFID reader 104 needs to have an initial installation of the personalization keys (step 720). If so, thenpersonalization system 116 may download the personalization keys as appropriate (step 722). -
Personalization system 116 may then check theRFID reader 104 to determine if thefob 102 identifiers and corresponding security keys should be updated or initially loaded (step 724). If no updating is necessary thepersonalization system 116 may end the personalization procedure (step 732). Contrarily, if thepersonalization system 116 determines that thefob 102 identifiers and corresponding keys need to be updated or installed, thepersonalization system 116 may download the information onto RFID reader 104 (step 726). The information (e.g., fob security keys and identifiers) may be downloaded in an encrypted format and theRFID reader 104 may store the information in theRFID reader database 310 as appropriate (step 728). Thepersonalization system 116 may then create or update a status log cataloging for later use and analysis by thepersonalization system 116 user (step 730). Upon updating the status log, the personalization process may be terminated (step 732). - It should be noted that, in some instances it may be necessary to repersonalize the RFID reader in similar mariner as described above. In that instance, the personalization process described in
FIGS. 7A and 7B may be repeated. -
FIG. 8 illustrates an exemplary flow diagram for the operation ofsystem 100A. The operation may be understood with reference toFIG. 1A , which depicts the elements ofsystem 100A which may be used in an exemplary transaction. The process is initiated when a customer desires to present afob 102 for payment (step 802). Upon presentation of thefob 102, the merchant initiates the RF payment procedure via an RFID reader 104 (step 804). In particular, the RFID reader sends out an interrogation signal to scan for the presence of fob 102 (step 806). The RF signal may be provided via theRFID reader antenna 106 or optionally via anexternal antenna 108. The customer then may present thefob 102 for payment (step 808) and thefob 102 is activated by the RF interrogation signal provided. - The
fob 102 and theRFID reader 104 may then engage in mutual authentication (step 810). Where the mutual authentication is unsuccessful, an error message may be provided to the customer via the RFID optical and/or audible indicator (step 814) and the transaction may be aborted (step 816). Where the mutual authentication is successful (step 814), theRFID reader 104 may provide the customer with an appropriate optical and/or audible message (e.g., “transaction processing” or “wait”) (step 818). The fob protocol/sequence controller 208 may then retrieve fromdatabase 214 an encrypted fob account number and provide the encrypted account number to the RFID reader 104 (step 820). - The
RFID reader 104 may then decrypt the account number and convert the account number into magnetic stripe (ISO/IEC 7813) format (step 822) and provide the unencrypted account number to the merchant system 130 (step 828). In particular, the account number may be provided to thePOS 110 device for transmission to themerchant network 112 for processing. Exemplary processing methods according to the present invention are discussed with respect toFIGS. 10-13 , shown below. Upon processing, thePOS device 110 may then send an optical and/or audible transaction status message to the RFID reader 104 (step 830) for communication to the customer (step 832). - The methods for processing the transactions may include one of several formats as required by the fob issuer. For example, one processing method may include processing the transaction under a preloaded fob format wherein a payment value (e.g., monetary value, reward points value, barter points value, etc.) may be preloaded into an preloaded value account or data file prior to permitting usage of the fob. In this way, the user may be permitted to set aside a payment amount for transactions for goods and services using the fob. During processing of the transaction, approval of the transaction may involve comparing the transaction amount to the amount stored (or remaining) in the preloaded value data file. Comparison may be made by a preloaded value processing system wherein the preloaded value processing system may compare the transaction amount to be processed to the preload value data file. Where the transaction amount exceeds the amount stored in the preloaded value account, the preloaded value processing system may deny authorization for completion of the transaction. Contrarily, where the transaction amount does not exceed the amount stored in the preloaded value data file account the preloaded value processing system may provide for authorization of the transaction.
- An exemplary preloaded
value processing system 1000 is shown with respect toFIG. 10 . Preloadedvalue processing system 1000 may include afob 102 including atransponder 114, which is in communication with amerchant system 130 via aRFID reader 104 or acomputer interface 134 as is described with respect toFIG. 1A . The merchant system may be in communication with anissuer system 1010, where theissuer system 1010 may be maintained by any entity (e.g., financial institution, American Express®, Visa® and/or MasterCard®, etc.) which permits thefob 102 user to store a preload value amount in a preloaded value account (e.g., data tile) maintained on anissuer database 1012 of similar construction asdatabase 212. Theissuer system 1000 may further include one or more process servers for processing a fob transaction. As shown, a POS device 110 (included in merchant system 130) may be in communication with an issuer account server (IAS) 1014 for receiving the fob account information fromPOS device 110.IAS 1014 may be in further communication with a preloaded value authorization server (PLAS) 1016 for processing transactions involving a preloaded value fob. ThePLAS 1016 may be in further communication with anissuer database 1012 for retrieving funds from the preloaded value data file (not shown) which are necessary for satisfying the preloaded fob or merchant transaction request. - As used herein, the term “issuer” or “account provider” may refer to any entity facilitating payment of a transaction using a fob, and which included systems permitting payment using at least one of a preloaded and non-preloaded fob. Typical issuers maybe American Express®, MasterCard®, Visa, Discover®, and the like. In the preloaded value processing context, an exchange value (e.g., money, rewards points, barter points, etc.) may be stored in a preloaded value data file for use in completing a requested transaction. The exchange value may not be stored on the fob itself. Further, the preloaded value data file may be debited the amount of the transaction requiring the preloaded value account to be replenished. As described more fully below, the preloaded value system platform may be used to complete “direct link” transactions. In which case, the preloaded value account may function as a place holder, perpetually storing a zero value.
- The preloaded value data file may be any conventional data file configuration for storing a value (e.g., monetary, rewards points, barter points, etc.) which may be exchanged for goods or services. In that regard, the preloaded value data file may have any configuration as determined by the
issuer system 1010. - In exemplary operation, a fob identifying information (e.g., account number or fob marker) may be provided to the
POS device 110 in similar manner as was discussed with respect toFIG. 1A . That is, thefob 102 may be presented to themerchant system 130 via aRFID reader 104 or acomputer interface 134, which may provide the fob identifying information inTrack 1 orTrack 2 format. APOS device 110 included in themerchant system 130 may receive thefob 102 identifying information and provide thefob 102 identifying information along with the transaction identifying information (e.g., amount, quantity, merchant identification, etc.) to theissuer system 1010 for authorization. Themerchant system 130 may additionally include a merchant system marker or identifier for indicating a merchant system identity. Themerchant system 130 may combine thefob 102 identifying information, the merchant identifying information, or the transaction identifying information, or any combination thereof, into a merchant transaction request for providing to theissuer system 1010. - The
IAS 1014 may receive the transaction and fob identifying information (or merchant transaction request) and recognize that the transaction is being requested relative to a preloaded value account associated with a preloaded fob. That is, theIAS 1014 may recognize that the user has presented apreloaded fob 102 for payment. Recognition of thefob 102 as a preloaded fob may mean that the fob identifying information includes a marker or identifier indicating that the fob is associated with a preloaded value data file. Upon recognition of the marker, theIAS 1014 may forward transaction and fob identifying information to thePLAS 1016 for processing.PLAS 1016 may compare the transaction amount to the value stored or remaining in the preloaded value to determine if authorization should be granted or denied. Where the transaction amount exceeds the value stored in the preloaded value data file thePLAS 1016 may forward a transaction denied message to theIAS 1014 for providing to themerchant system 130. Alternatively, where the transaction amount is less than or equal to the value stored in the preload value data file thePLAS 1016 may deduct from the preloaded value data file the necessary amount for satisfaction of the transaction. - As noted above, in one exemplary embodiment of the present invention, the
PLAS 1016 may provide a transaction denied message to theIAS 1014 where the amount stored in the preloaded value account is less than required for satisfying the merchant or fob transaction request. In this instance, where the preloaded value falls below a predetermined minimum level (e.g., minimum depletion level), it may be necessary for the fob user to reload the preloaded value data file. Reloading of the preloaded value account may take place manually (e.g., by the fob user telephonically or online) or may take place automatically when the value stored in the preloaded value data file is depleted to a predefined level. Where the reloading is done automatically, reloading may occur under rules established by the fob issuer or owner. For example, reloading may occur at preselected time intervals, when the value stored is below a predetermined amount, until a maximum number of reloads in a predetermined time period has occurred or until a maximum reload amount is reached in a predetermined time period. -
FIGS. 11A and 11B depict exemplary preloading and reloading processes which may be performed in accordance with the present invention. The preloading and reloading processes may be preformed using one or more servers (e.g., PLAS 1016) in communication with afunding source 1104. Although the processes are demonstrated using aPLAS 1016, it is contemplated that any server for establishing and managing data files may be used. However, to facilitate further understanding of the invention, the preloading and reloading aspects of the invention are described with reference toPLAS 1016. -
PLAS 1016 may be used to establish on the server or on a database (e.g., database 1012) a preloaded value account (e.g., data file) (1106). The preload value account may be funded or maintained by a fob issuer which may establish a credit, charge, debit, rewards value account, etc. in connection with a charge or credit card (e.g., Visa, MasterCard, American Express, Discover, etc.), debit or direct debit authorization (DDA) system. - The preloaded value account may be established to at least a predetermined minimum preload amount or value (e.g., minimum preload level) as determined by the account provider and/or the fob user or owner. In this context, the predetermined minimum value (e.g., minimum preload value) required to establish the preloaded value account may vary with respect to a particular fob user. The preloaded value account may be loaded (e.g., preloaded or reloaded) from funds received from one of a funding source account 1104 (American Express, Visa, MasterCard, Discover, etc.). That is, the
PLAS 1016 may communicate with thefunding source 1104 to obtain funds or value for loading or reloading the preloaded value account (1108). -
FIG. 11B shows and exemplary reloading process in accordance with the invention. During operation, a consumer may present to amerchant system 130 theprepaid fob 102 for purchasing goods or services (1110). The preloaded value account is then depleted the value amount paid to themerchant system 130. The process for purchasing goods may be repeated until the value stored in the preloaded value account equals or is less than a minimum level balance (e.g., minimum depletion level). The minimum depletion level may be predetermined by the fob user or fob issuer, and may be the minimum value permitted to be stored in the preloaded value account before the file is to be reloaded. - Once the preloaded value data is depleted such that the minimum depletion level is reached, the
PLAS 1016 may trigger an automatic reload to reload the preloaded value account from funds retrieved from the funding source 1104 (1112). The amount of funds retrieved may be sufficient for loading the preloaded value account to the minimum amount described above or to some other predetermined reload value. In one exemplary embodiment, thePLAS 1016 may trigger automatic reloading where a predetermined minimum depletion level (e.g., “minimum level balance”) is reached. That is, the preloaded value account may not be entirely depleted to zero value before automatic reloading occurs. In this instance, thePLAS 1016 may charge the funding necessary for automatic reloading against the available funds atfunding source 1104. In another exemplary embodiment the automatic reloading may occur where the transaction exceeds the amount stored in or remaining in the preloaded value account. In this way, the preloaded value account may be restored to an amount necessary for completion of the transaction. For example, where automatic reloading restores the preloaded value account to a value suitable for transaction completion, the preloaded value account may be automatically reloaded prior to processing the transaction. - In another exemplary embodiment, automatic reloading may occur based on different user or issuer automatic reload criteria. Other automatic reload criteria may include, but are not limited to, reloading until a defined maximum load amount in a defined time period is reached, reloading at a selected periodic reoccurring time interval (e.g., once a month), reloading as permitted until a defined maximum number of reloads in a specified time period is reached, or reloading until a defined maximum reload amount is reached in a specified time period, etc. In some instances, reloading may be done manually, such as, for example, when the fob user contacts the issuer (or any other entity or system which may facilitate the request) to provide a specified funding source for use in reloading the preloaded account and specifies the amount to be preloaded.
- In one particular embodiment, the
PLAS 1016 may determine whether a full or partial reload may be performed based on the class of transactions requested or the merchant requesting the transaction. ThePLAS 1016 may identify a merchant or transaction as a desired merchant or transaction for triggering an automatic reload based on a merchant or transaction identifier or marker. ThePLAS 1016 may then reload the account in accordance with any automatic reload criteria defined by the fob user, fob issuer and/or any other entity or system. - Where the fob user initiates the transaction using a
computer interface 134, thePLAS 1016 may notify the fob user that an automatic reload has been performed due to the merchant or transaction preferred status. ThePLAS 1016 may issue the notification via the IAS server, which, in turn, may send the notification to a fob user registered email account or other means for notifying the fob user (e.g., pager, cell phone, personal digital assistant and/or the like). The email account may be accessible by the fob user via any on-line global network. - In some instances where the transaction is initiated via a
computer interface 134, the fob user may be notified that a manual reload is required to complete a transaction. Theissuer system 1010 may provide the notification via a server (e.g.,IAS 1014 or PLAS 1016) in communication with acomputer interface 134. The notification may be provided in real-time, wherein the notification is sent to an e-mail account accessible to the fob user. The system may then enable the fob user to access toissuer database 1012 to identify an amount orfunding source 1014 for completing the transactions. Further still, the fob user may be permitted to contact the issuer telephonically to manually reload the preloaded data file. Alternatively, the fob user may be permitted to contact the issuer virtual authorizing agent in real-time for specifying reload requirements. An exemplary method for permitting real-time communications between fob user (e.g., account holder) and an issuer virtual agent is described in commonly assigned U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/155,360, SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR INTERACTIVE SECURE DIALOG BETWEEN CARDHOLDER AND ISSUER, filed May 23, 2002, herein incorporated by reference. - In another exemplary embodiment, the preloaded value transaction processing system may permit approval of transactions where the transaction value exceeds the preloaded amount stored in the preloaded value data file. That is, the preloaded fob may be used for purchases exceeding the preloaded value amount provided that the charge submitted by the merchant is less than or equal to the maximum reload permitted plus the amount stored on the card at the time the charge is submitted.
- In another exemplary embodiment, the preloaded value system may approve transactions based on a particular merchant's transaction processing protocol. Where the issuer has reviewed and/or approved a merchant's transaction processing method, the system may take the method in consideration in determining whether to approve a merchant's transaction request. For example, a merchant's transaction processing method may include the merchant submitting transaction requests which exceed the preloaded value amount, but the actual charge may be less than or equal to the preloaded value amount. In this instance, the preloaded value transaction processing system may still be configured to approve the transaction request. The processing system may recognize that a transaction came from a particular merchant and institute a predetermined approval protocol correlative to that merchant, since the approval protocol may include information that the merchant is sending a transaction request exceeding the actual charge.
- The system may use any one of the acceptable techniques for identifying merchants, such as recognition of the merchant ID, or a marker appended to the transaction, etc. The processing system may correlate the merchant ID with a merchant protocol for requesting a transaction approval of an amount greater than the preloaded value (or reload value), and approve the merchant request accordingly.
- In accordance with an alternate exemplary embodiment of a preloaded
value processing system 1000, upon receiving the transaction request from theIAS 1014, thePLAS 1016 may evaluate the transaction request based upon several risk criteria established by the issuer. If all the criteria are successfully met, then thePLAS 1016 may send authorization of the transaction (e.g., “transaction granted”) to theIAS 1014 for providing to themerchant system 130. Simultaneous with, subsequent to, providing the transaction authorization to theIAS 1014, thePLAS 1016 may seek satisfaction of the transaction from the fob account maintained on theaccount provider database 1012. The transaction request may be provided to theIAS 1014 for processing. That is, theIAS 1014 may seek to deduct the transaction value from the balance of the amount stored in the preloaded value data file. -
FIG. 12 depicts an exemplary embodiment of another transaction processing system (“direct link” system) 1200 in accordance with the present. More particular,FIG. 12 depicts adirect link system 1200 which may be used to process transaction request. In this context, a direct link system may be any system which facilitates satisfaction of a transaction using a fob directly linked to an account which stores an exchange value (e.g., money, credit or charge, or rewards points, etc.). In this instance, the account is not preloaded. Additionally, the account may be linked to a contact product such as a credit, debit, and/or DDA card, and the like, which may be presented for payment of goods and services. In this regard, the fob (here called “direct link fob”) and the card are associated with the same funding source and the user may seek satisfaction of a transaction from the funding source independent of whether the fob or card is used. - In this exemplary
direct link system 1200, the fob 102 (not shown) user may not establish a preloaded account. Instead, thefob 102 may be associated with a fob transaction account which may be used to provide payment to the merchant for goods and services. -
Direct link system 1200 may have similar elements as described with respect toFIG. 10 . Moreover, in accordance with an exemplary embodiment of the invention, a transaction request associated with a direct link fob may be processed using the preloaded value system described above, where the preloaded value data file is used as a place holder storing a zero value. The account established by the issuer for fob use is treated as the funding source for satisfying direct link transactions. As shown, thesystem 1200 may include a fob 102 (not shown) including atransponder 114, which is in communication with amerchant system 130 via a RFID reader 104 (not shown) or a computer interface 134 (not shown) as is described with respect toFIG. 1A . Themerchant system 130 may be in communication with anaccount provider system 1010. Theissuer system 1010 may include one or more process servers for processing a fob transaction request. - As shown, the
POS device 110 may be in communication with a issuer account server (IAS) 1014 for receiving the fob and transaction identifying information fromPOS device 110.IAS 1014 may be in further communication with aPLAS 1016 for processing transactions including a direct link fob. ThePLAS 1016 may be in further communication with asecond IAS 1202, although asecond IAS 1202 may not be required where one or more of the existingservers IAS 1202 described below. However, theIAS 1202 is included herein to simplify the understanding the operation of this exemplary embodiment. - In exemplary operation of
system 1200, the fob identifying information (e.g., account number) may be provided to thePOS device 110 in similar manner as was discussed with respect toFIG. 1A . That is, thefob 102 may be presented to themerchant system 130 via aRFID reader 104 or acomputer interface 134, which may provide the fob identifying information inTrack 1 orTrack 2 format. APOS device 110 included in themerchant system 130 may receive thefob 102 identifying information and provide thefob 102 identifying information along with the transaction identifying information (e.g., amount, quantity, merchant (dentification, etc.) to theaccount provider system 1010 for authorization. - The
IAS 1014 may receive the transaction and fob identifying information and recognize that the transaction as being requested relative to a direct linkfob associated with an any suitable account for payment (not a stored value account). Recognition of thefob 102 in this instance may mean that the direct link fob identifying information includes a marker or identifier indicating that the fob is associated with the suitable payment account as described above. Upon recognition of the marker, theIAS 1014 may forward transaction and fob identifying information toPLAS server 1016 for processing. - In similar manner as was described with respect to the operation of the preloaded value system of
FIG. 10 , thePLAS 1016 may evaluate the transaction request based upon several risk criteria established by the issuer. Exemplary risk criteria may include, but are not limited to, consideration of amount limits for a specified time period, count limits for a specified time periods, current reserve funding, pre-determined re-funding rules, user, self-defined limits, etc. If all the criteria are successfully met, then thePLAS 1016 may send authorization of the transaction (e.g., “transaction granted”) to theIAS 1014 for providing to themerchant system 130. - After providing the transaction authorization to the
IAS 1014, thePLAS 1016 may seek authorization of the transaction against the direct link fob account maintained on theissuer database 1012. The authorization request may be provided to theIAS 1202 for approval. For example, where the direct link account is a charge or credit account thePLAS 1016 may request authorization from thesecond IAS 1202 and theIAS 1202 may assess the transaction amount against the fob direct link account. That is, theIAS 1202 may seek to record the amount of the transaction in the fob account for payment at the end of the billing cycle (e.g., charge account), or the amount may be recorded on the fob account for payment at a date later than the end of the billing cycle (e.g., credit account). - In the exemplary embodiment described with respect to
FIG. 12 , the preloaded value data file may be used as a place holder. In that regard, the data file may maintain a zero value, and the data file value is not used to evaluate whether the transaction is to be approved. - In yet another exemplary
transaction processing system 1300 depicted inFIG. 13 , themerchant system 130 may provide a batch file containing multiple fob transaction requests to be processed. Thesystem 1300 may include aprocess server 1302 which distinguished between preloaded value and direct link transaction request. That is,process server 1202 may be used for separating the fob transactions which are associated with a preloaded fob account and those that are not associated with a preloaded fob account, as discussed more fully below. Theprocess server 1302 may further be in communication with anIAS 1014 for seeking settlement of the transaction. - In exemplary operation of
system 1300, themerchant system 130 may provide the batch file to theprocess server 1302. Theprocess server 1302 may receive the settlement file and create sub-files of transaction requests relative to the type of fob used in the transaction (e.g., preloaded fob, and direct link fob associated with a charge or credit account). For example, theprocess server 1302 may create a first fob transaction file (File A) for merchant payables and a second file to be forwarded to the IAS 1204 for processing. Where the sub-file includes merchant payable, theprocess server 1302 may provide funds to the merchant for payment of the transaction, where the funds provided may be equivalent to the transaction amount minus discount revenues. The funds may be retrieved from the funding source for proving to the merchant. - Alternatively, the
process server 1302 may create a second sub-file (File B) for accounts receivable payments and the File B may be forwarded to theIAS 1014,IAS 1014 may then process the transaction request according to the processes described inFIGS. 10 and 12 . That is, theIAS 1014 may distinguish the preloaded fob transaction requests from those associated with the direct link fob and process the transactions accordingly. - As can be seen by the above description the transaction processing systems described may distinguish when a fob is used, or when a fob is reloaded. In that regard, the present system may be used to reward points for fob usage and reloading. The points (e.g., loyalty points) may be stored in a points data file maintained on the issuer database (e.g., database 1012). The rewards points may then later be redeemed for exchange for goods and services as desired by the fob user.
- In one instance, points may be provided when the fob is used. For example, the
IAS 1014 may recognize the that a fob is being used and award points (e.g., loyalty points) to a points data file assigned to the fob user. The loyalty points may be awarded based on any criteria as determined by the fob issuer. Exemplary rewarding criteria may include rewarding points for, for example, frequency of fob usage, amount of individual purchase using the fob, or the total amount of purchases in a given time period. - Where the fob is associated with a preloaded value data file such as that described with respect to
FIG. 10 , points may be awarded for data file reloading. That is,IAS 1014 may place award points in the points data file relative to the amount loaded or reloaded as required. - It should be noted that the transaction account associated with the
fob 102 may include a usage restriction, such as, for example, a per purchase spending limit, a time of day use, a day of week use, certain merchant use and/or the like, wherein an additional verification is required when using the fob outside of the restriction. The restrictions may be personally assigned by thefob 102 user, or the account provider. For example, in one exemplary embodiment, the account may be established such that purchases above $X (i.e., the spending limit) must be verified by the customer. Such verification may be provided using a suitable personal identification number (PIN) which may be recognized by theRFID reader 104 or a payment authorization center (not shown) as being unique to thefob 102 holder (e.g., customer) and thecorrelative fob 102 transaction account number. Where the requested purchase is above the established per purchase spending limit, the customer may be required to provide, for example, a PIN, biometric sample and/or similar secondary verification to complete the transaction. - Where a verification PIN is used as secondary verification the verification PIN may be checked for accuracy against a corroborating PIN which correlates to the
fob 102 transaction account number. The corroborating PIN may be stored locally (e.g., on thefob 102, or on the RFID reader 104) or may be stored on a database (not shown) at the payment authorization center. The payment authorization center database may be any database maintained and operated by thefob 102 transaction account provider. - The verification PIN may be provided to the
POS device 110 using a conventional merchant (e.g., POS)PIN key pad 118 in communication with thePOS device 110 as shown inFIG. 1 , or a RFID keypad in communication with theRFID reader 104. PIN keypad may be in communication with the POS device 110 (or alternatively, RFID reader 104) using any conventional data link described above. Upon receiving the verification PIN, theRFID reader 104 may seek to match the PIN to the corroborating PIN stored on theRFID reader 104 atdatabase fob 102 account. If a match is made, the purchase may no longer be restricted, and the transaction may be allowed to be completed. - In an alternate embodiment, verification of purchases exceeding the established spending limit may involve biometrics circuitry included in
fob 102.FIG. 9 is a schematic block diagram of anexemplary fob 102 whereinfob 102 includes abiometric security system 902.Biometric security system 902 may include abiometric sensor 904 for sensing the fingerprint of thefob 102 user. Thebiometric sensor 902 may be in communication with a sensor interface/driver 906 for receiving the sensor fingerprint and activating the operation offob 102. In communication with thebiometric sensor 904 andsensor interface 906 may be abattery 903 for providing the necessary power for operation of the biometric security system components. - In one exemplary application of the
fob 102 including thebiometric security system 902, the customer may place his finger on the biometric sensor to initiate the mutual authentication process between thefob 102 and theRFID reader 104, or to provide secondary verification of the user's identity. The sensor fingerprint may be digitized and compared against a digitized fingerprint stored in a database (e.g., security database 212) included onfob 102. Such comparison step may be controlled by protocol/sequence controller 208 and may be validated byauthentication circuit 210. Where such verification is made, the mutual authentication betweenfob 102 andRFID reader 104 may begin, and the transaction may proceed accordingly. Alternatively, the comparison may be made with a digitized fingerprint stored on a database maintained by thefob 102 transaction account provider system (not shown). The digitized fingerprint may be verified in much the same way as is described above with respect to the PIN. - In one exemplary application of the
fob 102 including thebiometric security system 902, thesystem 902 may be used to authorize a purchase exceeding the established per purchase spending limit. In this case, where the customer's intended purchase exceeds the spending limit, the customer may be asked to provide assurance that the purchase is authorized. Accordingly, the customer may provide such verification by placing his finger over thebiometric sensor 904. Thebiometric sensor 904 may then digitize the fingerprint and provide the digitized fingerprint for verification as described above. Once verified,fob 102 may provide a transaction authorized signal to RF transponder 202 (or alternatively to transponder 220) for forwarding toRFID reader 104.RFID reader 104 may then provide the transaction authorized signal to thePOS device 110 in similar manner as is done with convention PIN driven systems and thePOS device 110 may process the transaction under the merchant's business as usual standard. - In accordance with another exemplary embodiment of the invention, the fob user is provided limited access to a user data tile for managing the fob usage and fob user information. The fob user may access the user data file to change, for example, demographic information (e.g., fob user address, phone number, email address, etc., the funding source (e.g., credit account, charge account, rewards account, barter account, etc.) associated with the fob, view the transaction history, etc. In addition, the fob user may be permitted to load or reload the account or alter automatic reload parameters (e.g., amount to reload, period for reloading, etc.).
- With reference to FIG.1, the fob user may connect the
fob 102 to acomputer interface 134 via aUSB interface 132. The fob user may then use thecomputer interface 134 to access the user data file via anetwork 136. In particular, thenetwork 136 may be in communication with an issuer system (e.g. system 1010 ofFIG. 10 ) and may be provided limited access to an issuer server (e.g., server 1014) for managing the fob. The issuer server may be in communication with an issuer system database (e.g., 1012) which stores the information to be managed relative to the user data file. The changes made to the user data file by the fob user may be made to the user data file in real-time, after a brief delay, or after an extended delay. In one instance, changes may be stored in a batch changes file on the issuer database for later batch processing. - The preceding detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the invention makes reference to the accompanying drawings, which show the exemplary embodiment by way of illustration. While these exemplary embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention, it should be understood that other embodiments may be realized and that logical and mechanical changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, the steps recited in any of the method or process claims may be executed in any order and are not limited to the order presented. Further, the present invention may be practiced using one or more servers, as necessary. Thus, the preceding detailed description is presented for purposes of illustration only and not of limitation, and the scope of the invention is defined by the preceding description, and with respect to the attached claims.
Claims (20)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US15/257,262 US20160379221A1 (en) | 2001-07-10 | 2016-09-06 | System and method for selecting load options for use in radio frequency identification in contact and contactless transactions |
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US30421601P | 2001-07-10 | 2001-07-10 | |
US10/192,488 US7239226B2 (en) | 2001-07-10 | 2002-07-09 | System and method for payment using radio frequency identification in contact and contactless transactions |
US39657702P | 2002-07-16 | 2002-07-16 | |
US10/318,432 US9454752B2 (en) | 2001-07-10 | 2002-12-13 | Reload protocol at a transaction processing entity |
US15/257,262 US20160379221A1 (en) | 2001-07-10 | 2016-09-06 | System and method for selecting load options for use in radio frequency identification in contact and contactless transactions |
Related Parent Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/318,432 Continuation US9454752B2 (en) | 2001-07-10 | 2002-12-13 | Reload protocol at a transaction processing entity |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US20160379221A1 true US20160379221A1 (en) | 2016-12-29 |
Family
ID=30119028
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/318,432 Expired - Fee Related US9454752B2 (en) | 2001-07-10 | 2002-12-13 | Reload protocol at a transaction processing entity |
US15/257,262 Abandoned US20160379221A1 (en) | 2001-07-10 | 2016-09-06 | System and method for selecting load options for use in radio frequency identification in contact and contactless transactions |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US10/318,432 Expired - Fee Related US9454752B2 (en) | 2001-07-10 | 2002-12-13 | Reload protocol at a transaction processing entity |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US9454752B2 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2003265262A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2004006590A2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10977656B1 (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2021-04-13 | Capital One Services, Llc | System and method for detecting fraudulent bank transactions |
Families Citing this family (59)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2002011019A1 (en) * | 2000-08-01 | 2002-02-07 | First Usa Bank, N.A. | System and method for transponder-enabled account transactions |
US7303120B2 (en) * | 2001-07-10 | 2007-12-04 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | System for biometric security using a FOB |
US8548927B2 (en) * | 2001-07-10 | 2013-10-01 | Xatra Fund Mx, Llc | Biometric registration for facilitating an RF transaction |
US7762457B2 (en) * | 2001-07-10 | 2010-07-27 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | System and method for dynamic fob synchronization and personalization |
US7360689B2 (en) * | 2001-07-10 | 2008-04-22 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | Method and system for proffering multiple biometrics for use with a FOB |
US7996324B2 (en) | 2001-07-10 | 2011-08-09 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | Systems and methods for managing multiple accounts on a RF transaction device using secondary identification indicia |
US7991386B2 (en) * | 2003-11-14 | 2011-08-02 | E2Interactive, Inc. | System and method for authorizing the activation of a communication device |
US6959865B2 (en) | 2002-03-28 | 2005-11-01 | Hand Held Products, Inc. | Customizable optical reader |
US7198704B2 (en) * | 2003-04-21 | 2007-04-03 | Microfabrica Inc. | Methods of reducing interlayer discontinuities in electrochemically fabricated three-dimensional structures |
CN1820279B (en) * | 2003-06-16 | 2012-01-25 | Uru科技公司 | Method and system for creating and operating biometrically enabled multi-purpose credential management devices |
US8156042B2 (en) * | 2003-08-29 | 2012-04-10 | Starbucks Corporation | Method and apparatus for automatically reloading a stored value card |
WO2005048145A1 (en) * | 2003-10-13 | 2005-05-26 | Starbucks Corporation D/B/A Starbucks Coffee Company | Dual card |
US20050080672A1 (en) * | 2003-10-13 | 2005-04-14 | Starbucks Corporation | Creating customer loyalty |
US8655309B2 (en) | 2003-11-14 | 2014-02-18 | E2Interactive, Inc. | Systems and methods for electronic device point-of-sale activation |
US20070011088A1 (en) * | 2005-07-08 | 2007-01-11 | American Express Company | Assured Payments for Health Care Plans |
US7922083B2 (en) * | 2003-11-19 | 2011-04-12 | Harrison Sarah E | Payment programs for healthcare plans |
US20100211493A9 (en) * | 2003-11-19 | 2010-08-19 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | Incentive Programs For Healthcare Cards |
US20070094129A1 (en) * | 2003-12-19 | 2007-04-26 | E2Interactive, Inc. D/B/A E2Interactive, Inc. | System and method for adding value to a stored-value account using provider specific pin |
US7420458B1 (en) | 2004-01-20 | 2008-09-02 | Charles A. Eldering | Secondary card reader |
US7298264B1 (en) | 2004-01-20 | 2007-11-20 | Charles A. Eldering | RFID tag filtering and monitoring |
US7243837B2 (en) * | 2004-04-02 | 2007-07-17 | Stratos International, Inc. | Media converter RFID security tag |
US20050224585A1 (en) | 2004-04-02 | 2005-10-13 | Durrant Richard C E | Radio frequency identification of a connector by a patch panel or other similar structure |
US7165728B2 (en) * | 2004-04-02 | 2007-01-23 | Stratos International, Inc. | Radio frequency identification for transfer of component information in fiber optic testing |
US8407097B2 (en) | 2004-04-15 | 2013-03-26 | Hand Held Products, Inc. | Proximity transaction apparatus and methods of use thereof |
US20050242176A1 (en) * | 2004-04-28 | 2005-11-03 | Dexit Inc. | RFID-based system and method of conducting financial transactions |
US20050242177A1 (en) * | 2004-04-28 | 2005-11-03 | Dexit Inc. | RFID-based system and method of conducting financial transactions |
US8232862B2 (en) * | 2004-05-17 | 2012-07-31 | Assa Abloy Ab | Biometrically authenticated portable access device |
US7604176B2 (en) * | 2004-05-20 | 2009-10-20 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | Radio frequency fobs and methods of using the same |
US7798415B1 (en) | 2004-05-20 | 2010-09-21 | American Express Travel Realted Services Company, Inc. | Wireless transaction fobs and methods of using the same |
US7613927B2 (en) * | 2004-11-12 | 2009-11-03 | Raritan Americas, Inc. | System for providing secure access to KVM switch and other server management systems |
US20070194108A1 (en) * | 2004-11-19 | 2007-08-23 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | Assured Payments For Health Care Plans |
US7905399B2 (en) * | 2004-11-19 | 2011-03-15 | Barnes Brian T | Linking transaction cards with spending accounts |
US20100070409A1 (en) * | 2004-11-19 | 2010-03-18 | Harrison Sarah E | Healthcare Card Incentive Program for Multiple Users |
US20070185800A1 (en) * | 2004-11-19 | 2007-08-09 | Harrison Sarah E | Spending Account Systems and Methods |
US20070185799A1 (en) * | 2004-11-19 | 2007-08-09 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | Spending Account Systems and Methods |
US20070185802A1 (en) * | 2004-11-19 | 2007-08-09 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | Incentive Programs For Healthcare Cards |
US20060217996A1 (en) * | 2005-03-23 | 2006-09-28 | E2Interactive, Inc. D/B/A E2Interactive, Inc. | Point-of-sale activation of media device account |
US7970626B2 (en) * | 2005-07-08 | 2011-06-28 | Oltine Acquistitions NY LLC | Facilitating payments to health care providers |
US20070023210A1 (en) * | 2005-07-28 | 2007-02-01 | Caterpillar Inc. | Electrical system of a mobile machine |
US20080070569A1 (en) * | 2006-09-07 | 2008-03-20 | Shelley John T | Proximity order processing system |
US20080120234A1 (en) * | 2006-11-17 | 2008-05-22 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | Variable Revenue Sharing For Multiple Account Payment Instruments |
US7949543B2 (en) * | 2007-02-13 | 2011-05-24 | Oltine Acquisitions NY LLC | Methods, systems, and computer program products for promoting healthcare information technologies to card members |
US20080197188A1 (en) * | 2007-02-15 | 2008-08-21 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | Transmission and capture of line-item-detail to assist in transaction substantiation and matching |
US20090006251A1 (en) * | 2007-06-28 | 2009-01-01 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | Universal rollover account |
US8111160B2 (en) | 2007-07-30 | 2012-02-07 | Lasercard Corporation | Light enabled RFID card |
JP2009048488A (en) * | 2007-08-21 | 2009-03-05 | Sony Corp | Electronic wallet device, and method and program for using electronic value |
US8284939B2 (en) * | 2007-10-01 | 2012-10-09 | Neology, Inc. | Systems and methods for preventing transmitted cryptographic parameters from compromising privacy |
US8814052B2 (en) | 2008-08-20 | 2014-08-26 | X-Card Holdings, Llc | Secure smart card system |
US20100306112A1 (en) * | 2009-06-01 | 2010-12-02 | Userstar Information System Co., Ltd. | Online trading method and system with mechanism for verifying authenticity of a product |
US9042281B2 (en) * | 2010-12-08 | 2015-05-26 | At&T Intellectual Property I, L.P. | Method and apparatus for initializing an RFID tag via an optical display |
WO2013187138A1 (en) * | 2012-06-15 | 2013-12-19 | 株式会社ニコン | Electronic device |
US11055686B2 (en) | 2012-08-08 | 2021-07-06 | E2Interactive, Inc. | S/M for providing, reloading, and redeeming stored value cards used in transit applications |
US9021563B2 (en) * | 2013-01-02 | 2015-04-28 | Htc Corporation | Accessory interface system |
CA2940981C (en) | 2014-03-07 | 2022-05-03 | Jeffrey Brian Newcombe | Dual-function card with key card functionality and stored value card functionality |
US9685012B2 (en) * | 2014-08-20 | 2017-06-20 | Gate Labs Inc. | Access management and resource sharing platform based on biometric identity |
US10074224B2 (en) | 2015-04-20 | 2018-09-11 | Gate Labs Inc. | Access management system |
KR102573725B1 (en) | 2015-12-04 | 2023-09-04 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Method for pre-loading content and electronic device supporting the same |
FR3052280A1 (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2017-12-08 | Proton World Int Nv | |
FR3052279B1 (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2019-06-21 | Proton World International N.V. | AUTHENTICATION OF A CARD WITH NON-CONTACT READING |
Family Cites Families (1477)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2767756A (en) | 1953-07-09 | 1956-10-23 | Brown & Bigelow | Foldable unit plastic card holder |
JPS425596Y1 (en) | 1964-05-28 | 1967-03-20 | ||
US3536894A (en) | 1965-07-23 | 1970-10-27 | Jerry E Travioli | Electronic credit card acceptor |
US3376661A (en) | 1966-06-28 | 1968-04-09 | John G. Hulett | Multiple company credit card |
US3446260A (en) | 1967-04-13 | 1969-05-27 | Kleer Vu Ind Inc | Card holder for wallets |
US3573731A (en) | 1968-06-17 | 1971-04-06 | Clary Corp | Device for determining authenticity of a credit card or the like |
US3829662A (en) | 1969-04-17 | 1974-08-13 | Canon Kk | Recording medium having concealed information as input for electronic computer |
US3725647A (en) | 1970-10-19 | 1973-04-03 | Insta Datic Corp | Photographic credit card system |
US3763356A (en) | 1971-05-17 | 1973-10-02 | Pitney Bowes Alpex | Unidirectional fluorescent ink imprinted coded document and method of decoding |
US3838252A (en) | 1971-07-09 | 1974-09-24 | Pitney Bowes Inc | Protective coatings for magnetically codable credit card |
US3894756A (en) | 1971-10-18 | 1975-07-15 | Optronics Int | Identification card having a reference beam coded hologram |
IT969831B (en) | 1971-12-28 | 1974-04-10 | Ibm | IDENTIFICATION CARD WITH DIFFERENTIATED SPECTRAL CODES |
US3873813A (en) | 1973-05-18 | 1975-03-25 | Xerox Corp | Credit card |
US3955295A (en) | 1973-10-18 | 1976-05-11 | Roberta B. Kuhns | Data bearing card having an aesthetic, magnetizable, colorless, transparent coating thereon |
US3914762A (en) | 1973-12-27 | 1975-10-21 | Rca Corp | Electronic identification system |
US4058839A (en) | 1974-08-21 | 1977-11-15 | R. D. Products, Inc. | Magnetic-type information card and method and apparatus for encoding and reading |
US4048737A (en) | 1975-02-12 | 1977-09-20 | Mcdermott Clifton Eugene | Dual identification card and identification card holder |
US3929177A (en) | 1975-04-28 | 1975-12-30 | Amity Leather Prod Co | Pass case |
US4044231A (en) | 1975-05-27 | 1977-08-23 | Addressograph Multigraph Corporation | Secure property document and method of manufacture |
CH588358A5 (en) | 1975-08-14 | 1977-05-31 | Landis & Gyr Ag | |
US4222516A (en) | 1975-12-31 | 1980-09-16 | Compagnie Internationale Pour L'informatique Cii-Honeywell Bull | Standardized information card |
US4066873A (en) | 1976-01-26 | 1978-01-03 | The First National Bank Of Chicago | Identification and access card with associated optical decoding means |
US4056139A (en) | 1976-03-03 | 1977-11-01 | Murt Edward M | Holder for money, cards and the like |
US4206965A (en) | 1976-08-23 | 1980-06-10 | Mcgrew Stephen P | System for synthesizing strip-multiplexed holograms |
CH607170A5 (en) | 1976-10-28 | 1978-11-30 | Sodeco Compteurs De Geneve | |
US4202491A (en) | 1977-09-26 | 1980-05-13 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Data card |
DE2847756B2 (en) | 1978-11-03 | 1980-08-21 | Hermann 7742 St Georgen Stockburger | Procedure for the secret identification and evaluation of machine-readable data carriers |
US4277863A (en) | 1979-05-11 | 1981-07-14 | Daniel Faneuf | Identification card holder |
DE2936409A1 (en) | 1979-09-08 | 1981-03-19 | Hermann 7742 St. Georgen Stockburger | METHOD FOR BACKING UP DATA |
US4318554A (en) | 1979-09-10 | 1982-03-09 | Microseal Corporation | Combined medical and/or informational identification credit card |
US4303904A (en) | 1979-10-12 | 1981-12-01 | Chasek Norman E | Universally applicable, in-motion and automatic toll paying system using microwaves |
US4697363A (en) | 1979-12-26 | 1987-10-06 | Kangaroos U.S.A., Inc. | Athletic shoe pocket |
CH647607A5 (en) | 1980-01-12 | 1985-01-31 | Kurt Ehrat | MACHINE-READABLE DATA CARD IN PLASTIC. |
FR2476934A1 (en) | 1980-02-22 | 1981-08-28 | Cepe | CRYSTAL OSCILLATOR COMPENSATED IN TEMPERATURE. |
FR2492135B1 (en) | 1980-09-16 | 1988-01-22 | Cii Honeywell Bull | APPARATUS FOR DISTRIBUTING OBJECTS AND ACQUIRING SERVICES |
GB2088110B (en) | 1980-09-25 | 1985-01-30 | Canon Kk | Liquid crystal display devices |
US4421380A (en) | 1980-10-06 | 1983-12-20 | Mcgrew Stephen P | Full-color hologram |
US4589686A (en) | 1980-11-05 | 1986-05-20 | Mcgrew Stephen P | Anticounterfeiting method and device |
US4717221A (en) | 1980-11-05 | 1988-01-05 | Mcgrew Stephen P | Diffractive color and texture effects for the graphic arts |
US4356646A (en) | 1981-02-26 | 1982-11-02 | Johnson Jr Thomas A | Card holder |
US4503135A (en) | 1981-02-27 | 1985-03-05 | Drexler Technology Corporation | Medium for recording visual images and laser written data |
USD270546S (en) | 1981-03-10 | 1983-09-13 | Ab Id-Kort | Transaction identification card |
SE425704B (en) | 1981-03-18 | 1982-10-25 | Loefberg Bo | DATABERARE |
US4443027A (en) | 1981-07-29 | 1984-04-17 | Mcneely Maurice G | Multiple company credit card system |
US4910521A (en) | 1981-08-03 | 1990-03-20 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Dual band communication receiver |
USD270303S (en) | 1981-08-07 | 1983-08-30 | Enger Kress Company | Combined wallet and clip |
US4538059A (en) | 1981-09-16 | 1985-08-27 | Itr International Time Limited | Identification card with concealed coding and a simple reader module to decode it |
GB2108906B (en) | 1981-09-16 | 1985-03-06 | Itr Int Time Ltd | Identification card with concealed coding and decoding module |
US4453074A (en) | 1981-10-19 | 1984-06-05 | American Express Company | Protection system for intelligent cards |
JPS58112519U (en) | 1982-01-27 | 1983-08-01 | 新神戸電機株式会社 | Injection molding machine |
US4507652A (en) | 1982-02-04 | 1985-03-26 | Baker Industries, Inc. | Bidirectional, interactive fire detection system |
US4475308A (en) | 1982-03-01 | 1984-10-09 | Heise Manufacturing Co., Inc. | Revolving door system |
US4436991A (en) | 1982-03-10 | 1984-03-13 | Sealectro Corporation | Badge reader using infrared light |
EP0093410A3 (en) | 1982-04-30 | 1984-10-17 | Omron Tateisi Electronics Co. | Apparatus for sensing a magnetic stripe on a recording media |
DE3231460A1 (en) | 1982-08-24 | 1984-03-01 | GAO Gesellschaft für Automation und Organisation mbH, 8000 München | ID CARD WITH CHECKABLE CHARACTERISTICS |
US4563024A (en) | 1983-03-16 | 1986-01-07 | Jeffrey Blyth | Hologram identification device |
USD280214S (en) | 1983-04-07 | 1985-08-20 | Opel George E | Credit card |
US4656463A (en) | 1983-04-21 | 1987-04-07 | Intelli-Tech Corporation | LIMIS systems, devices and methods |
US4558211A (en) | 1983-05-23 | 1985-12-10 | Imperial Oil Limited | Transaction terminal system |
US4547002A (en) | 1983-11-10 | 1985-10-15 | U.S. Banknote Corporation | Credit and identification cards having pieces of diffraction grating therein |
US4597814A (en) | 1983-11-22 | 1986-07-01 | U.S. Banknote Corporation | Method for manufacturing card with three-dimensional label incorporated therein |
US4641017A (en) | 1983-12-15 | 1987-02-03 | Herman Lopata | Fraud resistant credit card system |
US4593936A (en) | 1984-03-06 | 1986-06-10 | Opel George E | Universal credit card |
US4736094A (en) | 1984-04-03 | 1988-04-05 | Omron Tateisi Electronics Co. | Financial transaction processing system using an integrated circuit card device |
US4583766A (en) | 1984-05-08 | 1986-04-22 | Kenneth R. Wessel | Secure badge for infrared badge reader and process for making same |
US4663518A (en) | 1984-09-04 | 1987-05-05 | Polaroid Corporation | Optical storage identification card and read/write system |
CA1228225A (en) | 1984-11-09 | 1987-10-20 | National Research Council Of Canada | Method of manufacturing an optical interference authenticating device |
JPS644934Y2 (en) | 1984-11-26 | 1989-02-08 | ||
US4998279A (en) | 1984-11-30 | 1991-03-05 | Weiss Kenneth P | Method and apparatus for personal verification utilizing nonpredictable codes and biocharacteristics |
JPH0235311Y2 (en) | 1984-12-03 | 1990-09-25 | ||
US4684795A (en) | 1985-01-07 | 1987-08-04 | United States Banknote Company L.P. | Security tape with integrated hologram and magnetic strip |
EP0190387A2 (en) | 1985-02-07 | 1986-08-13 | MIDS Magnetische Informations- und Datensysteme GmbH | Coded identity card |
US4639765A (en) | 1985-02-28 | 1987-01-27 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Synchronization system for overlay of an internal video signal upon an external video signal |
JPS61201390A (en) | 1985-03-04 | 1986-09-06 | Casio Comput Co Ltd | Ic card |
US4672021A (en) | 1985-06-03 | 1987-06-09 | Fairmount Chemical Company | Contrast enhancement layer composition with naphthoquinone diazide, indicator dye and polymeric binder |
US4643452A (en) | 1985-08-15 | 1987-02-17 | Chang Kwei K | Business card attaching strip |
US4747147A (en) | 1985-09-03 | 1988-05-24 | Sparrow Malcolm K | Fingerprint recognition and retrieval system |
AU583654B2 (en) | 1985-08-30 | 1989-05-04 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Card with photograph and method of making same |
JPS62264999A (en) | 1986-05-13 | 1987-11-17 | 杉本 治江 | Business card with identification mark and business-card information reading method and device using said card |
GB2179596A (en) | 1985-09-02 | 1987-03-11 | Harue Sugimoto | A visiting card marked with discriminating symbols and a method of and an apparatus for reading what is printed on said visiting card |
US4700055A (en) | 1985-10-15 | 1987-10-13 | Kashkashian Jr Arsen | Multiple credit card system |
JPH0696356B2 (en) | 1986-03-17 | 1994-11-30 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Thin semiconductor card |
US4816653A (en) | 1986-05-16 | 1989-03-28 | American Telephone And Telegraph Company | Security file system for a portable data carrier |
IT1226491B (en) | 1986-07-01 | 1991-01-16 | Bruno Fabbiani | SECURITY DOCUMENT PROVIDED WITH A HOLOGRAM |
JPS6310845A (en) | 1986-07-01 | 1988-01-18 | Ryokichi Tamaoki | Telephone card |
US4739328A (en) | 1986-07-14 | 1988-04-19 | Amtech Corporation | System for identifying particular objects |
US4725719A (en) | 1986-07-21 | 1988-02-16 | First City National Bank Of Austin | Restricted purpose, commercial, monetary regulation method |
JPS6332658A (en) | 1986-07-28 | 1988-02-12 | Casio Comput Co Ltd | Ic card system |
DE3628315A1 (en) | 1986-08-21 | 1988-02-25 | Bayer Ag | USE OF SPECIAL ETHYLENE VINYL ACETATE COPOLYMERS FOR THE MODIFICATION OF PVC |
US4863819A (en) | 1986-09-11 | 1989-09-05 | Drexler Technology Corporation | Read-only optical data card |
JPH0452823Y2 (en) | 1986-10-24 | 1992-12-11 | ||
US5010243A (en) | 1986-10-15 | 1991-04-23 | Kyodo Printing Co., Ltd. | Method of producing an optical recording card having a hologram contained therein |
JPH0450864Y2 (en) | 1986-10-28 | 1992-12-01 | ||
DE3636921A1 (en) | 1986-10-30 | 1988-05-05 | Interflex Datensyst | COUNTERFEIT-PROOF OPTOELECTRIC CODE CARD READER |
DE3638575A1 (en) | 1986-11-12 | 1988-05-19 | Gao Ges Automation Org | METHOD FOR PRODUCING IDENTIFICATION CARDS WITH COLORED MAGNETIC SLOPES |
US4779898A (en) | 1986-11-21 | 1988-10-25 | Optical Coating Laboratory, Inc. | Thin film optically variable article and method having gold to green color shift for currency authentication |
US4744497A (en) | 1986-12-10 | 1988-05-17 | Neal William T O | Security wallet |
JPS6398689U (en) | 1986-12-16 | 1988-06-25 | ||
US4801790A (en) | 1987-01-12 | 1989-01-31 | Valid Technologies, Ltd. | Access card provided with coded security means |
JPH048862Y2 (en) | 1987-05-01 | 1992-03-05 | ||
JP2553860B2 (en) | 1987-05-08 | 1996-11-13 | 共同印刷株式会社 | Optical recording member, method of manufacturing the same, and method of manufacturing optical recording card |
US4841570A (en) | 1987-05-11 | 1989-06-20 | The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy | One-way transformation of information |
US4984270A (en) | 1987-06-19 | 1991-01-08 | The Exchange System | Method and system for transmission of financial data |
US4829690A (en) | 1987-06-26 | 1989-05-16 | Andros Theodore A | Credit card chain holder |
US4897533A (en) | 1987-07-07 | 1990-01-30 | National Business Systems, Inc. | Credit card and method of making the same |
USD307979S (en) | 1987-07-17 | 1990-05-22 | Purvis Janet L | Combined key ring and change purse |
ATE98025T1 (en) | 1987-07-31 | 1993-12-15 | Texas Instruments Deutschland | TRANSPONDER ARRANGEMENT. |
USD310386S (en) | 1987-08-07 | 1990-09-04 | Visa International Service Association | Transaction card |
US4837422A (en) | 1987-09-08 | 1989-06-06 | Juergen Dethloff | Multi-user card system |
US5025372A (en) | 1987-09-17 | 1991-06-18 | Meridian Enterprises, Inc. | System and method for administration of incentive award program through use of credit |
JP2825199B2 (en) | 1987-09-30 | 1998-11-18 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | Information recording card |
JPS6487397A (en) | 1987-09-30 | 1989-03-31 | Toppan Printing Co Ltd | Information memory card |
JPS6487396A (en) | 1987-09-30 | 1989-03-31 | Toppan Printing Co Ltd | Information memory card |
AU602273B2 (en) | 1987-10-26 | 1990-10-04 | Proma Technologies, Inc. | Embossing of coated sheets |
JPH01141040A (en) | 1987-11-27 | 1989-06-02 | Keiwa Shoko Kk | Process paper for producing plastic foam |
US4917292A (en) | 1988-04-21 | 1990-04-17 | Drexler Technology Corporation | Book on a pocket card |
US5180902A (en) | 1988-04-21 | 1993-01-19 | David Schick | Self verifying transaction card with disabling capability |
GB8811935D0 (en) | 1988-05-20 | 1988-06-22 | Time & Data Systems Internatio | Card/badge for carrying data & reader therefor |
US5272326A (en) | 1988-06-21 | 1993-12-21 | Kyodo Printing Co., Ltd. | Optical card having light absorbing layer |
GB8814705D0 (en) | 1988-06-21 | 1988-07-27 | Ciba Geigy Ag | Method |
US4961142A (en) | 1988-06-29 | 1990-10-02 | Mastercard International, Inc. | Multi-issuer transaction device with individual identification verification plug-in application modules for each issuer |
US5015830A (en) | 1988-07-04 | 1991-05-14 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Electronic card reading device |
US5550548A (en) | 1988-07-08 | 1996-08-27 | Texas Instruments Deutschland Gmbh | Interrogator for detecting adjacent transponders |
US5285100A (en) | 1988-07-22 | 1994-02-08 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Semiconductor switching device |
GB2222714A (en) | 1988-09-09 | 1990-03-14 | Avery Ltd W & T | Cashless payment system |
US4918432A (en) | 1988-09-27 | 1990-04-17 | B. I. Incorporated | House arrest monitoring system |
US5016274A (en) | 1988-11-08 | 1991-05-14 | Silvio Micali | On-line/off-line digital signing |
JPH02252149A (en) | 1989-03-27 | 1990-10-09 | Kyodo Printing Co Ltd | Optical card |
AU615582B2 (en) | 1988-11-10 | 1991-10-03 | Kyodo Printing Co., Ltd. | Optical card |
US4884507A (en) | 1988-11-21 | 1989-12-05 | Levy Isy R | Security container |
US4937963A (en) | 1988-11-21 | 1990-07-03 | Drexler Technology Corporation | Protective enclosure for data cards |
US4897947A (en) | 1989-01-09 | 1990-02-06 | Kass Pious Stephanie | Identification holder for mounting on shoes |
US5202826A (en) | 1989-01-27 | 1993-04-13 | Mccarthy Patrick D | Centralized consumer cash value accumulation system for multiple merchants |
DK0723875T3 (en) | 1989-01-31 | 2001-12-27 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | Methods for providing heat transfer records and heat transfer image receiving sheets |
US5245329A (en) | 1989-02-27 | 1993-09-14 | Security People Inc. | Access control system with mechanical keys which store data |
DE3906349A1 (en) | 1989-03-01 | 1990-09-13 | Hartmut Hennige | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR SIMPLIFYING THE USE OF A VARIETY OF CREDIT CARDS AND THE LIKE |
GB8905471D0 (en) | 1989-03-10 | 1989-04-19 | De La Rue Co Plc | Sheet with security device |
JPH02130737U (en) | 1989-03-31 | 1990-10-29 | ||
US5206488A (en) | 1989-06-07 | 1993-04-27 | Mordechai Teicher | Credit card system including a central unit and a plurality of local units for conducting low-cost transactions |
US5142384A (en) | 1989-06-08 | 1992-08-25 | Ilford Limited | Holograms for packaging and display uses |
US5101200A (en) | 1989-06-09 | 1992-03-31 | Swett Paul H | Fast lane credit card |
US5329617A (en) | 1989-07-23 | 1994-07-12 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Graphics processor nonconfined address calculation system |
JPH0363168A (en) | 1989-08-01 | 1991-03-19 | Omron Corp | Displaying method for print of information |
FR2651347A1 (en) | 1989-08-22 | 1991-03-01 | Trt Telecom Radio Electr | SINGLE NUMBER GENERATION METHOD FOR MICROCIRCUIT BOARD AND APPLICATION TO COOPERATION OF THE BOARD WITH A HOST SYSTEM. |
ZA907106B (en) | 1989-10-06 | 1991-09-25 | Net 1 Products Pty Ltd | Funds transfer system |
DE3935364C1 (en) | 1989-10-24 | 1990-08-23 | Angewandte Digital Elektronik Gmbh, 2051 Brunstorf, De | |
US5197140A (en) | 1989-11-17 | 1993-03-23 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Sliced addressing multi-processor and method of operation |
US5522083A (en) | 1989-11-17 | 1996-05-28 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Reconfigurable multi-processor operating in SIMD mode with one processor fetching instructions for use by remaining processors |
DE68928980T2 (en) | 1989-11-17 | 1999-08-19 | Texas Instruments Inc | Multiprocessor with coordinate switch between processors and memories |
US5212777A (en) | 1989-11-17 | 1993-05-18 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Multi-processor reconfigurable in single instruction multiple data (SIMD) and multiple instruction multiple data (MIMD) modes and method of operation |
US6070003A (en) | 1989-11-17 | 2000-05-30 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | System and method of memory access in apparatus having plural processors and plural memories |
US6038584A (en) | 1989-11-17 | 2000-03-14 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Synchronized MIMD multi-processing system and method of operation |
US5239654A (en) | 1989-11-17 | 1993-08-24 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Dual mode SIMD/MIMD processor providing reuse of MIMD instruction memories as data memories when operating in SIMD mode |
US5339447A (en) | 1989-11-17 | 1994-08-16 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Ones counting circuit, utilizing a matrix of interconnected half-adders, for counting the number of ones in a binary string of image data |
US5410649A (en) | 1989-11-17 | 1995-04-25 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Imaging computer system and network |
US4993068A (en) | 1989-11-27 | 1991-02-12 | Motorola, Inc. | Unforgeable personal identification system |
US5198647A (en) | 1989-11-28 | 1993-03-30 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Plural-coil non-contact ic card having pot cores and shielding walls |
EP0429782B1 (en) | 1989-12-01 | 1994-05-18 | Landis & Gyr Technology Innovation AG | Arrangement for improving the falsification safety of a document of value |
DE3941070A1 (en) | 1989-12-08 | 1991-06-13 | Dirk Lehnartz | INFORMATION AND ADVERTISING CARRIERS, IN PARTICULAR PRESENTATION AND / OR BUSINESS CARD |
US5096228A (en) | 1990-01-10 | 1992-03-17 | Rinderknecht Lester W | Notched I.D. card |
US5142383A (en) | 1990-01-25 | 1992-08-25 | American Banknote Holographics, Inc. | Holograms with discontinuous metallization including alpha-numeric shapes |
US5192947A (en) | 1990-02-02 | 1993-03-09 | Simon Neustein | Credit card pager apparatus |
GB9003446D0 (en) | 1990-02-15 | 1990-04-11 | Sunman Robert P | Cards |
US5023782A (en) | 1990-03-26 | 1991-06-11 | Mastercard International Inc. | Travelers cheque transaction terminal |
US5769457A (en) | 1990-12-01 | 1998-06-23 | Vanguard Identification Systems, Inc. | Printed sheet mailers and methods of making |
US4998753A (en) | 1990-04-03 | 1991-03-12 | Sharon Wichael | Multi-purpose computer readable driver's license |
JPH03290780A (en) | 1990-04-07 | 1991-12-20 | Hitachi Maxell Ltd | Steres bar code recording object and reading system for the same |
US5623547A (en) | 1990-04-12 | 1997-04-22 | Jonhig Limited | Value transfer system |
US5761493A (en) | 1990-04-30 | 1998-06-02 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Apparatus and method for adding an associative query capability to a programming language |
US5359522A (en) | 1990-05-09 | 1994-10-25 | Ryan Michael C | Fluid delivery control apparatus |
US5646607A (en) | 1990-06-15 | 1997-07-08 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Transponder/interrogator protocol in a multi-interrogator field |
IL94848A (en) | 1990-06-22 | 1993-08-18 | Gur Shomron | Credit card |
US5355411A (en) | 1990-08-14 | 1994-10-11 | Macdonald John L | Document security system |
CH683410A5 (en) | 1990-08-22 | 1994-03-15 | Eric Bauer Hermann Stockburger | A method of manufacturing a data card provided with signs and computer card with signs obtained by the implementation of this method. |
US5171039A (en) | 1990-08-27 | 1992-12-15 | Micro Innovations, Incorporated | Medical information card |
US5572815A (en) | 1990-08-31 | 1996-11-12 | Kovner; Spencer | Business card holder |
USRE36788E (en) | 1990-09-06 | 2000-07-25 | Visa International Service Association | Funds transfer system |
US5251937A (en) | 1990-09-26 | 1993-10-12 | Gao Gesellschaft Fuer Automation Und Organisation Mbh | Multilayer data carrier and a method for producing it |
JP2932311B2 (en) | 1990-10-03 | 1999-08-09 | 住化プラステック株式会社 | Infrared absorbing film with excellent transparency |
JPH04143881A (en) | 1990-10-05 | 1992-05-18 | Toshiba Corp | Mutual authenticating system |
DE4033300C2 (en) | 1990-10-19 | 1994-06-23 | Gao Ges Automation Org | Multi-layer, card-shaped data carrier and method for producing the same |
SE9004054L (en) | 1990-12-19 | 1992-01-27 | Cervitrol Ab | DEVICE AND PROCEDURES FOR AUTOMATIC WRITING, READING AND OTHER TREATMENT OF TICKETS AND OTHER DOCUMENTS |
US5221838A (en) | 1990-12-24 | 1993-06-22 | Motorola, Inc. | Electronic wallet |
DE4100472C1 (en) | 1991-01-09 | 1992-07-23 | Texas Instruments Deutschland Gmbh, 8050 Freising, De | |
NL9100026A (en) | 1991-01-09 | 1992-08-03 | Texas Instruments Holland | INTERESTING STATION FOR IDENTIFYING OBJECTS PROCESSED OVER A TRANSPORTATION TRACK. |
DE4101301A1 (en) | 1991-01-17 | 1992-07-23 | Gao Ges Automation Org | SECURITY DOCUMENT AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
US5099226A (en) | 1991-01-18 | 1992-03-24 | Interamerican Industrial Company | Intelligent security system |
US5520230A (en) | 1991-01-22 | 1996-05-28 | Sumner, Iii; Yancey | Pocket card holder with money clip |
NL9100111A (en) | 1991-01-23 | 1992-08-17 | Texas Instruments Holland | ANTENNA SYSTEM FOR AN INQUIRY STATION FOR IDENTIFYING OBJECTS. |
NL9100110A (en) | 1991-01-23 | 1992-08-17 | Texas Instruments Holland | INTERESTING STATION FOR IDENTIFICATION PURPOSES WITH SEPARATE TRANSMITTER AND RECEIVER ANTENNAS. |
US5052328A (en) | 1991-02-28 | 1991-10-01 | Eppenbach Lawrence C | Apparatus for preventing credit card loss |
GB9105851D0 (en) | 1991-03-20 | 1991-05-08 | Security Systems Consortium Th | Securing financial transactions |
US5125356A (en) | 1991-03-27 | 1992-06-30 | Galante Vincent F | Missing card warning device |
JPH04303692A (en) | 1991-03-30 | 1992-10-27 | Toppan Printing Co Ltd | Information recording medium |
US5657388A (en) | 1993-05-25 | 1997-08-12 | Security Dynamics Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for utilizing a token for resource access |
DE4119792C2 (en) | 1991-06-15 | 1994-06-16 | Kurz Kunststoffe Gmbh | Portable foldable container or box in the form of a wallet made of plastic |
CA2113805C (en) | 1991-07-17 | 2001-06-05 | John W. Halpern | Pocketsize electronic travel and commuter pass and a plurality of accounting systems. |
ATE151204T1 (en) | 1991-07-18 | 1997-04-15 | Texas Instruments Deutschland | CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENT FOR ACHIEVEING A CONSTANT FIELD STRENGTH OF AN HF SIGNAL, RADIATED IN FRONT OF A TRANSMITTER WITH REPLACEABLE ANTENNA |
US5193114A (en) | 1991-08-08 | 1993-03-09 | Moseley Donald R | Consumer oriented smart card system and authentication techniques |
JP2561186B2 (en) | 1991-09-11 | 1996-12-04 | 日本発条株式会社 | Object identification structure |
US5489411A (en) | 1991-09-23 | 1996-02-06 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Titanium metal foils and method of making |
JP3083187B2 (en) | 1991-09-30 | 2000-09-04 | 富士通株式会社 | Key management method of electronic wallet system |
EP0722596A4 (en) | 1991-11-12 | 1997-03-05 | Security Domain Pty Ltd | Method and system for secure, decentralised personalisation of smart cards |
US5453601A (en) | 1991-11-15 | 1995-09-26 | Citibank, N.A. | Electronic-monetary system |
US5557518A (en) | 1994-04-28 | 1996-09-17 | Citibank, N.A. | Trusted agents for open electronic commerce |
US5585787A (en) | 1991-12-09 | 1996-12-17 | Wallerstein; Robert S. | Programmable credit card |
US5226989A (en) | 1991-12-16 | 1993-07-13 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Method for reducing thickness of a titanium foil or thin strip element |
US5607522A (en) | 1991-12-19 | 1997-03-04 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Method of making electrical contact material |
US5257656A (en) | 1991-12-26 | 1993-11-02 | Mcleroy James H | Wallet and card holder |
DE69125839T2 (en) | 1991-12-30 | 1997-07-31 | Texas Instruments Inc | Built-in chip transponder with antenna coil |
US5428210A (en) | 1992-01-10 | 1995-06-27 | National Bancard Corporation | Data card terminal with embossed character reader and signature capture |
US5222282A (en) | 1992-01-13 | 1993-06-29 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Method for reducing thickness of a high-strength low-ductility metal foil on thin strip element |
JPH05193291A (en) | 1992-01-16 | 1993-08-03 | Hitachi Maxell Ltd | Infrared light absorption mark printed matter |
DE69220029T2 (en) | 1992-02-05 | 1997-09-18 | Texas Instruments Inc | Method for producing a flat, flexible antenna core for a chip transponder, built into a card or similar object, and an antenna core produced in this way |
US5608203A (en) | 1992-02-12 | 1997-03-04 | Finkelstein; Alan | Credit card with magnifying lens |
TW236016B (en) | 1992-02-29 | 1994-12-11 | Leonhard Kurz & Co | |
JPH05254283A (en) | 1992-03-10 | 1993-10-05 | Omron Corp | Optical card and reader thereof |
US5774882A (en) | 1992-03-12 | 1998-06-30 | Keen; Regina D. | Credit approval system |
EP0634038B1 (en) | 1992-03-30 | 2001-10-24 | Telstra Corporation Limited | A cryptographic communications method and system |
JP2520346B2 (en) | 1992-04-28 | 1996-07-31 | 日本発条株式会社 | Object identification structure |
US5865470A (en) | 1992-05-12 | 1999-02-02 | Thompson; Kenneth | Peel off coupon redemption card with microprocessor chip and tracking system |
US5365551A (en) | 1992-12-15 | 1994-11-15 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Data communication transceiver using identification protocol |
US5572226A (en) | 1992-05-15 | 1996-11-05 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Spherical antenna pattern(s) from antenna(s) arranged in a two-dimensional plane for use in RFID tags and labels |
US6144916A (en) | 1992-05-15 | 2000-11-07 | Micron Communications, Inc. | Itinerary monitoring system for storing a plurality of itinerary data points |
US5900954A (en) | 1992-06-01 | 1999-05-04 | Symbol Technologies, Inc. | Machine readable record carrier with hologram |
US5856048A (en) | 1992-07-27 | 1999-01-05 | Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. | Information-recorded media and methods for reading the information |
US5308121A (en) | 1992-07-30 | 1994-05-03 | Gunn Robert T | Credit/service card with expanded surface area |
US5503434A (en) | 1992-07-30 | 1996-04-02 | Gunn; Robert T. | Credit/service card with expanded surface area |
US5665439A (en) | 1992-08-11 | 1997-09-09 | E. Khashoggi Industries | Articles of manufacture fashioned from hydraulically settable sheets |
GB9220413D0 (en) | 1992-09-28 | 1992-11-11 | Texas Instruments Holland | An antenna system |
GB9220412D0 (en) | 1992-09-28 | 1992-11-11 | Texas Instruments Holland | Transponder systems for automatic identification purposes |
CA2100134C (en) | 1992-09-29 | 1999-06-22 | Raymond Otto Colbert | Secure credit/debit card authorization |
US5479494A (en) | 1992-10-05 | 1995-12-26 | At&T Corp. | Virtual calling card system |
US5331138A (en) | 1992-11-03 | 1994-07-19 | American Magnetics Corp. | Hybrid card reader |
EP0596162B1 (en) | 1992-11-06 | 2002-08-21 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | hypodermic needle with a protrusion |
CA2103288C (en) | 1992-11-18 | 2004-08-17 | Michael John Camille Marsh | Detection of multiple articles |
US5311679A (en) | 1992-11-24 | 1994-05-17 | Birch Sr John A | Shoe pocket |
US5450088A (en) | 1992-11-25 | 1995-09-12 | Texas Instruments Deutschland Gmbh | Transponder arrangement |
US5350906A (en) | 1992-11-25 | 1994-09-27 | Brody Bill E | Currency transfer system and method using fixed limit cards |
US5396251A (en) | 1992-12-15 | 1995-03-07 | Texas Instruments Deutschland Gmbh | Electronic transponder tuning procedure |
US6192255B1 (en) | 1992-12-15 | 2001-02-20 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Communication system and methods for enhanced information transfer |
US5581630A (en) | 1992-12-21 | 1996-12-03 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Personal identification |
JPH06183187A (en) | 1992-12-22 | 1994-07-05 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | Card and identification device |
JP3246017B2 (en) | 1992-12-28 | 2002-01-15 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | Information carrying sheet medium and machine readable information carrying sheet using the same |
US5279019A (en) | 1992-12-29 | 1994-01-18 | Knickle James P | Credit card and money carrying device |
US5559504A (en) | 1993-01-08 | 1996-09-24 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Surface shape sensor, identification device using this sensor, and protected system using this device |
US5638080A (en) | 1993-01-22 | 1997-06-10 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Manufacture of a flexible antenna, with or without an inner permeable magnetic layer |
US5613131A (en) | 1993-01-29 | 1997-03-18 | Microsoft Corporation | Auto-formatting of tables in a spreadsheet program |
JP3198183B2 (en) | 1993-02-02 | 2001-08-13 | 株式会社ジェーシービー | Plastic card with magnetic stripe |
US5983207A (en) | 1993-02-10 | 1999-11-09 | Turk; James J. | Electronic cash eliminating payment risk |
US6112191A (en) | 1993-02-18 | 2000-08-29 | Every Penny Counts, Inc. | Method and system to create and distribute excess funds from consumer spending transactions |
US5321751A (en) | 1993-02-18 | 1994-06-14 | Eastman Kodak Company | Method and apparatus for credit card verification |
US5701127A (en) | 1993-02-23 | 1997-12-23 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Automatic vehicle identification system capable of vehicle lane discrimination |
US5326964A (en) | 1993-03-10 | 1994-07-05 | Risser J Marlin | Separable multi-account safety credit card |
GB9306805D0 (en) | 1993-04-01 | 1993-05-26 | Jonhig Ltd | Smart card reader |
US5351142A (en) | 1993-04-16 | 1994-09-27 | Crown Roll Leaf, Inc. | Semi-transparent reflective layer for a phase hologram |
US5555877A (en) | 1993-04-16 | 1996-09-17 | George S. Lockwood | Cover for pond used to collect solar radiation |
US5884292A (en) | 1993-05-06 | 1999-03-16 | Pitney Bowes Inc. | System for smart card funds refill |
EP0625714A1 (en) | 1993-05-19 | 1994-11-23 | Texas Instruments Deutschland Gmbh | Method of transmitting a data message stored in a transponder device to an interrogating device |
CA2123456C (en) | 1993-05-24 | 1998-09-15 | William Berson | Document authentication system utilizing a transparent label |
US6109525A (en) | 1993-05-28 | 2000-08-29 | Saab-Scania Combitech Akitiebolag | Method and device for registering vehicles in a road toll facility |
EP0701718A4 (en) | 1993-06-02 | 2000-03-29 | Verifone Inc | System and method for revaluation of stored tokens in ic cards |
US5432518A (en) | 1993-06-15 | 1995-07-11 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Closed slot antenna having outer and inner magnetic loops |
US5453747A (en) | 1993-06-28 | 1995-09-26 | Texas Instruments Deutschland Gmbh | Transponder systems for automatic identification purposes |
US5491715A (en) | 1993-06-28 | 1996-02-13 | Texas Instruments Deutschland Gmbh | Automatic antenna tuning method and circuit |
KR100214428B1 (en) | 1993-06-30 | 1999-08-02 | 후지무라 마사지카, 아키모토 유미 | Infrared ray cutoff material and infrared cutoff powder used for the same |
US6119099A (en) | 1997-03-21 | 2000-09-12 | Walker Asset Management Limited Partnership | Method and system for processing supplementary product sales at a point-of-sale terminal |
US6050605A (en) | 1993-07-07 | 2000-04-18 | Mikelionis; Raymond J. | Wallet card with sleeve adapted for receipt of elongated functional member |
US5412192A (en) | 1993-07-20 | 1995-05-02 | American Express Company | Radio frequency activated charge card |
US5844230A (en) | 1993-08-09 | 1998-12-01 | Lalonde; Michael G. | Information card |
US5407893A (en) | 1993-08-19 | 1995-04-18 | Konica Corporation | Material for making identification cards |
US5649118A (en) | 1993-08-27 | 1997-07-15 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Smart card with multiple charge accounts and product item tables designating the account to debit |
US5541604A (en) | 1993-09-03 | 1996-07-30 | Texas Instruments Deutschland Gmbh | Transponders, Interrogators, systems and methods for elimination of interrogator synchronization requirement |
GB2281714B (en) | 1993-09-07 | 1996-11-27 | Baratin Ltd | A card for use for example in a retail credit scheme |
US6089611A (en) | 1993-09-10 | 2000-07-18 | Arthur Blank & Co., Inc. | Card with identifying feature and removable element |
US5538135A (en) | 1993-09-14 | 1996-07-23 | Cui, Inc. | Dual-medium articles, including hinged articles |
US5677953A (en) | 1993-09-14 | 1997-10-14 | Spyrus, Inc. | System and method for access control for portable data storage media |
US5544246A (en) | 1993-09-17 | 1996-08-06 | At&T Corp. | Smartcard adapted for a plurality of service providers and for remote installation of same |
US5557279A (en) | 1993-09-28 | 1996-09-17 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Unitarily-tuned transponder/shield assembly |
EP0667537A3 (en) | 1993-10-04 | 1996-07-17 | Texas Instruments Deutschland | Positioning with RF-ID transponders. |
US5575094A (en) | 1993-10-19 | 1996-11-19 | Leake; Michael J. | Greeting card and picture frame combination |
EP0650074A1 (en) | 1993-10-22 | 1995-04-26 | Texas Instruments Holland B.V. | Highly accurate RF-ID positioning system |
USRE36365E (en) | 1993-10-25 | 1999-11-02 | Visa International Service Association | Method and apparatus for distributing currency |
US5477038A (en) | 1993-10-25 | 1995-12-19 | Visa International | Method and apparatus for distributing currency |
US5438184A (en) | 1993-10-26 | 1995-08-01 | Verifone Inc. | Method and apparatus for electronic cash transactions |
DE69422682T2 (en) | 1993-10-26 | 2000-08-10 | Texas Instruments Deutschland | Antenna circuit |
US5930776A (en) | 1993-11-01 | 1999-07-27 | The Golden 1 Credit Union | Lender direct credit evaluation and loan processing system |
US5920847A (en) | 1993-11-01 | 1999-07-06 | Visa International Service Association | Electronic bill pay system |
DE4339460C1 (en) | 1993-11-19 | 1995-04-06 | Siemens Ag | Method for authenticating a system part by another system part of an information transmission system according to the challenge and response principle |
US5397881A (en) | 1993-11-22 | 1995-03-14 | Mannik; Kallis H. | Third millenium credit card with magnetically onto it written multiple validity dates, from which is one single day as the credit card's validity day selected day after day by the legitimate card owner |
FR2713419B1 (en) | 1993-12-02 | 1996-07-05 | Gemplus Card Int | Method for generating DSA signatures with low cost portable devices. |
ES2108814T3 (en) | 1993-12-10 | 1998-01-01 | Agfa Gevaert Nv | SECURITY DOCUMENT WITH A TRANSPARENT OR TRANSLATED SUPPORT AND CONTAINING INTERFERENCE PIGMENTS. |
US5521966A (en) | 1993-12-14 | 1996-05-28 | At&T Corp. | Method and system for mediating transactions that use portable smart cards |
EP1235177A3 (en) | 1993-12-16 | 2003-10-08 | divine technology ventures | Digital active advertising |
JP2555860B2 (en) | 1993-12-20 | 1996-11-20 | 株式会社日本触媒 | Heat ray shield |
US5530232A (en) | 1993-12-22 | 1996-06-25 | Datamark Services, Inc. | Multi-application data card |
US5578808A (en) | 1993-12-22 | 1996-11-26 | Datamark Services, Inc. | Data card that can be used for transactions involving separate card issuers |
US6108641A (en) | 1994-01-03 | 2000-08-22 | Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith | Integrated nested account financial system with medical savings subaccount |
US5826243A (en) | 1994-01-03 | 1998-10-20 | Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc. | Integrated system for controlling master account and nested subaccount(s) |
US5491483A (en) | 1994-01-05 | 1996-02-13 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Single loop transponder system and method |
US5434919A (en) | 1994-01-11 | 1995-07-18 | Chaum; David | Compact endorsement signature systems |
US5541582A (en) | 1994-01-13 | 1996-07-30 | Datascape, Inc. | Apparatus for data communication switching |
JPH07205569A (en) | 1994-01-17 | 1995-08-08 | Toppan Printing Co Ltd | Registration certificate for seal impression |
US5478629A (en) | 1994-01-21 | 1995-12-26 | Gencorp Inc. | Polymeric sheets and laminas having high flexural durability |
JP2783971B2 (en) | 1994-01-26 | 1998-08-06 | 日本信販株式会社 | How to issue a credit card |
US5606594A (en) | 1994-01-27 | 1997-02-25 | Dell Usa, L.P. | Communication accessory and method of telecommunicating for a PDA |
GB9401924D0 (en) | 1994-02-01 | 1994-03-30 | Jonhig Ltd | System for road toll payment |
US5557516A (en) | 1994-02-04 | 1996-09-17 | Mastercard International | System and method for conducting cashless transactions |
WO1995021428A1 (en) | 1994-02-04 | 1995-08-10 | Card One Development Company | Method and system for allocating and redeeming incentive credits |
US5461217A (en) | 1994-02-08 | 1995-10-24 | At&T Ipm Corp. | Secure money transfer techniques using smart cards |
US5461386A (en) | 1994-02-08 | 1995-10-24 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Inductor/antenna for a recognition system |
DE4403753C1 (en) | 1994-02-08 | 1995-07-20 | Angewandte Digital Elektronik | Combined chip card |
US5552789A (en) | 1994-02-14 | 1996-09-03 | Texas Instruments Deutschland Gmbh | Integrated vehicle communications system |
FR2728981A1 (en) | 1994-12-28 | 1996-07-05 | Gemplus Card Int | METHOD FOR IMPLEMENTING A PRIVATE KEY COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL BETWEEN TWO PROCESSING DEVICES |
JPH07271939A (en) | 1994-03-30 | 1995-10-20 | Mitsubishi Denki Semiconductor Software Kk | Non-contact ic card, card reader/writer and card device |
US5488376A (en) | 1994-04-26 | 1996-01-30 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Transponder interface circuit |
US5471212A (en) | 1994-04-26 | 1995-11-28 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Multi-stage transponder wake-up, method and structure |
US5450087A (en) | 1994-04-06 | 1995-09-12 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Transponder maintenance mode method |
US5917925A (en) | 1994-04-14 | 1999-06-29 | Moore; Lewis J. | System for dispensing, verifying and tracking postage and other information on mailpieces |
US5537314A (en) | 1994-04-18 | 1996-07-16 | First Marketrust Intl. | Referral recognition system for an incentive award program |
US6088797A (en) | 1994-04-28 | 2000-07-11 | Rosen; Sholom S. | Tamper-proof electronic processing device |
US5799087A (en) | 1994-04-28 | 1998-08-25 | Citibank, N.A. | Electronic-monetary system |
US5500513A (en) | 1994-05-11 | 1996-03-19 | Visa International | Automated purchasing control system |
US5792337A (en) | 1994-05-12 | 1998-08-11 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Method and apparatus for detection of corrosion |
US5477040A (en) | 1994-05-23 | 1995-12-19 | Lalonde; Michael G. | Structure for a method of facilitating charge transactions |
US5878215A (en) | 1994-05-23 | 1999-03-02 | Mastercard International Incorporated | System and method for processing multiple electronic transaction requests |
US5862222A (en) | 1994-05-27 | 1999-01-19 | Gunnarsson; Staffan | System at a vehicle for debiting at automatic fuelling |
FR2720848B1 (en) | 1994-06-03 | 1996-07-26 | Gemplus Card Int | Method of conducting a transaction between a smart card and an information system. |
US5577109A (en) | 1994-06-06 | 1996-11-19 | Call Processing, Inc. | Pre-paid card system and method |
US5577121A (en) | 1994-06-09 | 1996-11-19 | Electronic Payment Services, Inc. | Transaction system for integrated circuit cards |
US5785680A (en) | 1994-06-13 | 1998-07-28 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Injector and object to be injected by the injector |
US5673106A (en) | 1994-06-17 | 1997-09-30 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Printing system with self-monitoring and adjustment |
US6925439B1 (en) | 1994-06-20 | 2005-08-02 | C-Sam, Inc. | Device, system and methods of conducting paperless transactions |
US5590038A (en) | 1994-06-20 | 1996-12-31 | Pitroda; Satyan G. | Universal electronic transaction card including receipt storage and system and methods of conducting electronic transactions |
US5506395A (en) | 1994-06-22 | 1996-04-09 | William C. Eppley | Multi-access card and card holder with a plurality of machine readable service access codes placed thereon |
US5668876A (en) | 1994-06-24 | 1997-09-16 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson | User authentication method and apparatus |
US5500651A (en) | 1994-06-24 | 1996-03-19 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | System and method for reading multiple RF-ID transponders |
US5621396A (en) | 1994-06-30 | 1997-04-15 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Method and apparatus with adaptive transponder plucking |
US5597534A (en) | 1994-07-05 | 1997-01-28 | Texas Instruments Deutschland Gmbh | Apparatus for wireless chemical sensing |
US5625370A (en) | 1994-07-25 | 1997-04-29 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Identification system antenna with impedance transformer |
US5602538A (en) | 1994-07-27 | 1997-02-11 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Apparatus and method for identifying multiple transponders |
US5600175A (en) | 1994-07-27 | 1997-02-04 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Apparatus and method for flat circuit assembly |
US5489908A (en) | 1994-07-27 | 1996-02-06 | Texas Instruments Deutschland Gmbh | Apparatus and method for identifying multiple transponders |
US5629981A (en) | 1994-07-29 | 1997-05-13 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Information management and security system |
JP4095680B2 (en) | 1994-08-01 | 2008-06-04 | 富士通株式会社 | Security management method for card type storage device and card type storage device |
US5875432A (en) | 1994-08-05 | 1999-02-23 | Sehr; Richard Peter | Computerized voting information system having predefined content and voting templates |
US5569187A (en) | 1994-08-16 | 1996-10-29 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Method and apparatus for wireless chemical supplying |
US5550536A (en) | 1994-08-17 | 1996-08-27 | Texas Instruments Deutschland Gmbh | Circuit frequency following technique transponder resonant |
US5490079A (en) | 1994-08-19 | 1996-02-06 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | System for automated toll collection assisted by GPS technology |
DE69533939T2 (en) | 1994-08-25 | 2005-12-22 | P-Seven Holdings PTY Ltd. | IDENTIFICATION PROCEDURE |
US5544255A (en) | 1994-08-31 | 1996-08-06 | Peripheral Vision Limited | Method and system for the capture, storage, transport and authentication of handwritten signatures |
US5797133A (en) | 1994-08-31 | 1998-08-18 | Strategic Solutions Group, Inc | Method for automatically determining the approval status of a potential borrower |
US6091835A (en) | 1994-08-31 | 2000-07-18 | Penop Limited | Method and system for transcribing electronic affirmations |
DE4431605C2 (en) | 1994-09-05 | 1998-06-04 | Siemens Ag | Method for producing a chip card module for contactless chip cards |
JPH0875919A (en) | 1994-09-07 | 1996-03-22 | Kureha Chem Ind Co Ltd | Optical filter made of acrylic resin |
US5528222A (en) | 1994-09-09 | 1996-06-18 | International Business Machines Corporation | Radio frequency circuit and memory in thin flexible package |
US5826241A (en) | 1994-09-16 | 1998-10-20 | First Virtual Holdings Incorporated | Computerized system for making payments and authenticating transactions over the internet |
US5608778A (en) | 1994-09-22 | 1997-03-04 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Cellular telephone as an authenticated transaction controller |
US5533656A (en) | 1994-09-27 | 1996-07-09 | Bonaldi; Jeffrey P. | Combination wallet with removeable clip |
US5559887A (en) | 1994-09-30 | 1996-09-24 | Electronic Payment Service | Collection of value from stored value systems |
US5841364A (en) | 1994-10-07 | 1998-11-24 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Method and apparatus for transfering information from a transponder |
DE19507144A1 (en) | 1994-10-18 | 1996-04-25 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Multi-layer data carrier with cover layers made of modified PET |
US5715314A (en) | 1994-10-24 | 1998-02-03 | Open Market, Inc. | Network sales system |
US5592150A (en) | 1994-10-27 | 1997-01-07 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Air coil and method of making the same |
US5563582A (en) | 1994-10-28 | 1996-10-08 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Integrated air coil and capacitor and method of making the same |
JPH08123919A (en) | 1994-10-28 | 1996-05-17 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Noncontact ic card system and communication method thereof |
GB9422803D0 (en) | 1994-11-11 | 1995-01-04 | At & T Global Inf Solution | A card reader |
US5748737A (en) | 1994-11-14 | 1998-05-05 | Daggar; Robert N. | Multimedia electronic wallet with generic card |
US5525992A (en) | 1994-11-14 | 1996-06-11 | Texas Instruments Deutschland Gmbh | Method and system for conserving power in a recognition system |
US5764789A (en) | 1994-11-28 | 1998-06-09 | Smarttouch, Llc | Tokenless biometric ATM access system |
US7613659B1 (en) | 1994-11-28 | 2009-11-03 | Yt Acquisition Corporation | System and method for processing tokenless biometric electronic transmissions using an electronic rule module clearinghouse |
US6012039A (en) | 1994-11-28 | 2000-01-04 | Smarttouch, Inc. | Tokenless biometric electronic rewards system |
US6366682B1 (en) | 1994-11-28 | 2002-04-02 | Indivos Corporation | Tokenless electronic transaction system |
US6006069A (en) | 1994-11-28 | 1999-12-21 | Bosch Telecom Gmbh | Point-to-multipoint communications system |
US6154879A (en) | 1994-11-28 | 2000-11-28 | Smarttouch, Inc. | Tokenless biometric ATM access system |
US6269348B1 (en) | 1994-11-28 | 2001-07-31 | Veristar Corporation | Tokenless biometric electronic debit and credit transactions |
US6397198B1 (en) | 1994-11-28 | 2002-05-28 | Indivos Corporation | Tokenless biometric electronic transactions using an audio signature to identify the transaction processor |
US6230148B1 (en) | 1994-11-28 | 2001-05-08 | Veristar Corporation | Tokenless biometric electric check transaction |
EP0715045B1 (en) | 1994-11-30 | 2002-02-13 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Lock having inductive key detection and method of construction |
US5497121A (en) | 1994-11-30 | 1996-03-05 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Automatically correcting data detection circuit and method for FSK modulated signals |
EP0715043B1 (en) | 1994-11-30 | 2003-07-23 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | A key having an air coil antenna and a method of construction |
US5513272A (en) | 1994-12-05 | 1996-04-30 | Wizards, Llc | System for verifying use of a credit/identification card including recording of physical attributes of unauthorized users |
US5592767A (en) | 1994-12-05 | 1997-01-14 | Treske; Dieter | Holder for identification cards |
US20040011877A1 (en) | 2002-07-19 | 2004-01-22 | Reppermund Hans U. | System for a card having data embedded therein |
US6119943A (en) | 1994-12-12 | 2000-09-19 | Moore Business Forms, Inc. | Multi-layer bar code arrangement using wavelength separation |
US5705798A (en) | 1994-12-16 | 1998-01-06 | Mastercard International Inc. | System and method for processing a customized financial transaction card |
EP0718375B1 (en) | 1994-12-21 | 2000-07-05 | Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. | Near infrared absorber, preparation process thereof and use thereof |
DE4446368A1 (en) | 1994-12-23 | 1996-06-27 | Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh | Data carrier with an optically variable element |
US5857079A (en) | 1994-12-23 | 1999-01-05 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Smart card for automatic financial records |
US5614703A (en) | 1995-01-05 | 1997-03-25 | Martin; Jay R. | Hotel check-in system with wireless communication |
US5915023A (en) | 1997-01-06 | 1999-06-22 | Bernstein; Robert | Automatic portable account controller for remotely arranging for transfer of value to a recipient |
JPH08307308A (en) | 1995-01-12 | 1996-11-22 | Texas Instr Deutschland Gmbh | Charging capacitor discharge controller in transponder |
EP0721850A3 (en) | 1995-01-12 | 1997-02-05 | De La Rue Thomas & Co Ltd | Security document |
US5660319A (en) | 1995-01-17 | 1997-08-26 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Ultrasonic bonding process |
US5835894A (en) | 1995-01-19 | 1998-11-10 | Ann Adcock Corporation | Speaker and command verification method |
US5577100A (en) | 1995-01-30 | 1996-11-19 | Telemac Cellular Corporation | Mobile phone with internal accounting |
DE19503607A1 (en) | 1995-02-03 | 1996-08-08 | Angewandte Digital Elektronik | Chip cards for displaying different card information |
US5604801A (en) | 1995-02-03 | 1997-02-18 | International Business Machines Corporation | Public key data communications system under control of a portable security device |
CA2683230C (en) | 1995-02-13 | 2013-08-27 | Intertrust Technologies Corporation | Systems and methods for secure transaction management and electronic rights protection |
FI99071C (en) | 1995-02-15 | 1997-09-25 | Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd | Procedure for use of applications in a mobile telephone as well as a mobile telephone |
US6771981B1 (en) | 2000-08-02 | 2004-08-03 | Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd. | Electronic device cover with embedded radio frequency (RF) transponder and methods of using same |
US5991410A (en) | 1995-02-15 | 1999-11-23 | At&T Wireless Services, Inc. | Wireless adaptor and wireless financial transaction system |
JPH08244385A (en) | 1995-03-14 | 1996-09-24 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | Free design magnetic card |
US5689100A (en) | 1995-03-21 | 1997-11-18 | Martiz, Inc. | Debit card system and method for implementing incentive award program |
US5559317A (en) | 1995-03-27 | 1996-09-24 | International Verifact Inc. | Card reader with carriage powered by movement of inserted card |
US5594227A (en) | 1995-03-28 | 1997-01-14 | Microsoft Corporation | System and method for protecting unauthorized access to data contents |
US5715399A (en) | 1995-03-30 | 1998-02-03 | Amazon.Com, Inc. | Secure method and system for communicating a list of credit card numbers over a non-secure network |
US5679945A (en) | 1995-03-31 | 1997-10-21 | Cybermark, L.L.C. | Intelligent card reader having emulation features |
JP3519491B2 (en) | 1995-03-31 | 2004-04-12 | 株式会社東海理化電機製作所 | IC card |
US5621199A (en) | 1995-04-03 | 1997-04-15 | Datalogic, Inc. | RFID reader |
US5590197A (en) | 1995-04-04 | 1996-12-31 | V-One Corporation | Electronic payment system and method |
US6725202B1 (en) | 1995-04-10 | 2004-04-20 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Transaction accounting of toll transactions in transponder systems |
US5602919A (en) | 1995-04-10 | 1997-02-11 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Speedup for monetary transactions using a transponder in conjunction with a smartcard |
US6317721B1 (en) | 1995-04-10 | 2001-11-13 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Transaction accounting of toll transactions in transponder systems |
JP2814477B2 (en) | 1995-04-13 | 1998-10-22 | ソニーケミカル株式会社 | Non-contact IC card and method of manufacturing the same |
US6099043A (en) | 1995-04-14 | 2000-08-08 | Story; Gerald A. | Coupon catalogue apparatus |
US5729236A (en) | 1995-04-28 | 1998-03-17 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Identification system reader with multiplexed antennas |
DE69632808T2 (en) | 1995-04-28 | 2005-06-30 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | WIRELESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM FOR SECURE COMMUNICATION BETWEEN DIFFERENT DEVICES |
US5577120A (en) | 1995-05-01 | 1996-11-19 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Method and apparatus for restrospectively identifying an individual who had engaged in a commercial or retail transaction or the like |
US5734838A (en) | 1995-05-04 | 1998-03-31 | American Savings Bank, F.A. | Database computer architecture for managing an incentive award program and checking float of funds at time of purchase |
US20020138351A1 (en) | 1995-05-08 | 2002-09-26 | Image Data, Llc | Positive identification system and method |
US6424249B1 (en) | 1995-05-08 | 2002-07-23 | Image Data, Llc | Positive identity verification system and method including biometric user authentication |
US5697649A (en) | 1995-05-11 | 1997-12-16 | Crane & Co., Inc. | Articles employing a magnetic security feature |
GB9509582D0 (en) | 1995-05-11 | 1995-07-05 | Jonhig Ltd | Value transfer system |
RU2182726C2 (en) | 1995-05-15 | 2002-05-20 | Мондекс Интернэшнл Лимитед | Operation recovery in money transfer system |
US5880675A (en) | 1995-05-19 | 1999-03-09 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Reusable package for identification devices |
CA2150215C (en) | 1995-05-25 | 2003-02-25 | John Xidos | Distributed gaming system |
US5694596A (en) | 1995-05-25 | 1997-12-02 | Kangaroo, Inc. | On-line database updating network system and method |
JPH08324163A (en) | 1995-05-31 | 1996-12-10 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | Membership card |
JPH10505932A (en) | 1995-06-02 | 1998-06-09 | フィリップス エレクトロニクス ネムローゼ フェンノートシャップ | Chip card |
US5924624A (en) | 1995-06-07 | 1999-07-20 | Crane Productions, Inc. | Magnetic pocket frame |
US5692132A (en) | 1995-06-07 | 1997-11-25 | Mastercard International, Inc. | System and method for conducting cashless transactions on a computer network |
US5942761A (en) | 1995-06-07 | 1999-08-24 | Tuli; Raja Singh | Enhancement methods and devices for reading a fingerprint image |
FR2735261B1 (en) | 1995-06-08 | 1997-07-11 | France Telecom | METHOD OF MAKING A PAYMENT USING AN ACCOUNT MANAGER |
US5742845A (en) | 1995-06-22 | 1998-04-21 | Datascape, Inc. | System for extending present open network communication protocols to communicate with non-standard I/O devices directly coupled to an open network |
US5790677A (en) | 1995-06-29 | 1998-08-04 | Microsoft Corporation | System and method for secure electronic commerce transactions |
US5794221A (en) | 1995-07-07 | 1998-08-11 | Egendorf; Andrew | Internet billing method |
US6115458A (en) | 1995-07-14 | 2000-09-05 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | Method and apparatus for summaries of prepaid instrument transaction activity |
ATE197199T1 (en) | 1995-07-18 | 2000-11-15 | Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv | DATA TRANSFER SYSTEM BETWEEN AT LEAST ONE READ/WRITE STATION AND SEVERAL DATA CARRIERS |
JP2776409B2 (en) | 1995-08-02 | 1998-07-16 | 日本電気株式会社 | Classification device for skin pattern and fingerprint pattern |
JPH0950505A (en) | 1995-08-04 | 1997-02-18 | Sophia Co Ltd | Ic card |
US5956024A (en) | 1995-08-08 | 1999-09-21 | Continental Cablevision, Inc. | Graphical user interface for customer service representatives for subscriber management systems |
US5786587A (en) | 1995-08-10 | 1998-07-28 | American Bank Note Holographics, Inc. | Enhancement of chip card security |
JPH0952240A (en) | 1995-08-10 | 1997-02-25 | Sekisui Chem Co Ltd | Production of optical transparent film |
US5640002A (en) | 1995-08-15 | 1997-06-17 | Ruppert; Jonathan Paul | Portable RF ID tag and barcode reader |
US5852812A (en) | 1995-08-23 | 1998-12-22 | Microsoft Corporation | Billing system for a network |
US5826244A (en) | 1995-08-23 | 1998-10-20 | Xerox Corporation | Method and system for providing a document service over a computer network using an automated brokered auction |
US5878141A (en) | 1995-08-25 | 1999-03-02 | Microsoft Corporation | Computerized purchasing system and method for mediating purchase transactions over an interactive network |
US5768385A (en) | 1995-08-29 | 1998-06-16 | Microsoft Corporation | Untraceable electronic cash |
JPH0973487A (en) | 1995-09-01 | 1997-03-18 | Fujitsu Ltd | System and method for content proceeds distribution |
US5815252A (en) | 1995-09-05 | 1998-09-29 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Biometric identification process and system utilizing multiple parameters scans for reduction of false negatives |
US5878403A (en) | 1995-09-12 | 1999-03-02 | Cmsi | Computer implemented automated credit application analysis and decision routing system |
US5721781A (en) | 1995-09-13 | 1998-02-24 | Microsoft Corporation | Authentication system and method for smart card transactions |
US6198762B1 (en) | 1996-09-26 | 2001-03-06 | Yuri Krasnov | Supersonic and subsonic laser with RF discharge excitation |
US5663553A (en) | 1995-09-27 | 1997-09-02 | Intel Corporation | Mass storage device adapter for smart cards |
US5859419A (en) | 1995-09-28 | 1999-01-12 | Sol H. Wynn | Programmable multiple company credit card system |
US5748740A (en) | 1995-09-29 | 1998-05-05 | Dallas Semiconductor Corporation | Method, apparatus, system and firmware for secure transactions |
US6138917A (en) | 1995-10-02 | 2000-10-31 | International Card Technology | Multiple magnetic stripe transaction cards and systems for the utilization thereof |
US5883377A (en) | 1995-11-20 | 1999-03-16 | International Card Technologies, Inc. | Multiple magnetic stripe transaction cards and systems for the utilization thereof |
EP0797170A4 (en) | 1995-10-05 | 1999-11-24 | Fujitsu Denso | Fingerprint registration method and fingerprint collation apparatus |
US5774670A (en) | 1995-10-06 | 1998-06-30 | Netscape Communications Corporation | Persistent client state in a hypertext transfer protocol based client-server system |
US6029175A (en) | 1995-10-26 | 2000-02-22 | Teknowledge Corporation | Automatic retrieval of changed files by a network software agent |
US5699528A (en) | 1995-10-31 | 1997-12-16 | Mastercard International, Inc. | System and method for bill delivery and payment over a communications network |
US5757917A (en) | 1995-11-01 | 1998-05-26 | First Virtual Holdings Incorporated | Computerized payment system for purchasing goods and services on the internet |
US5737710A (en) | 1995-11-07 | 1998-04-07 | Amtech Corporation | Automated vehicle parking system for a plurality of remote parking facilities |
US5796832A (en) * | 1995-11-13 | 1998-08-18 | Transaction Technology, Inc. | Wireless transaction and information system |
US20030177347A1 (en) | 1995-11-22 | 2003-09-18 | Bruce Schneier | Methods and apparatus for awarding prizes based on authentication of computer generated outcomes using coupons |
AU1102197A (en) | 1995-12-05 | 1997-06-27 | Sherbrooke Securities Limited | Charge card |
KR970066968A (en) | 1995-12-06 | 1997-10-13 | 히로아키 고하라 | How to issue a service right in commodity trading using a communication line |
US6088686A (en) | 1995-12-12 | 2000-07-11 | Citibank, N.A. | System and method to performing on-line credit reviews and approvals |
US5774870A (en) | 1995-12-14 | 1998-06-30 | Netcentives, Inc. | Fully integrated, on-line interactive frequency and award redemption program |
JP3133243B2 (en) | 1995-12-15 | 2001-02-05 | 株式会社エヌケーインベストメント | Online shopping system |
FR2742621B1 (en) | 1995-12-19 | 1998-01-09 | Alcatel Mobile Comm France | IDENTIFICATION CARD READING DEVICE |
US5978348A (en) | 1995-12-20 | 1999-11-02 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Optical recording medium and process for production thereof |
EP0782214B1 (en) | 1995-12-22 | 2004-10-06 | Texas Instruments France | Ring antennas for resonant cicuits |
US5602918A (en) | 1995-12-22 | 1997-02-11 | Virtual Open Network Environment Corp. | Application level security system and method |
US6014634A (en) | 1995-12-26 | 2000-01-11 | Supermarkets Online, Inc. | System and method for providing shopping aids and incentives to customers through a computer network |
US5798709A (en) | 1996-01-03 | 1998-08-25 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Wireless transmitter carrier phase synchronization |
ATE226344T1 (en) | 1996-01-08 | 2002-11-15 | Juergen Dethloff | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR PAYING SERVICES AND PORTABLE DATA CARRIER FOR SUCH A SYSTEM |
US20010013546A1 (en) | 1996-01-09 | 2001-08-16 | Ross William Leslie | Identification system |
US6016482A (en) | 1996-01-11 | 2000-01-18 | Merrill Lynch & Co., Inc. | Enhanced collateralized funding processor |
WO1997025801A1 (en) | 1996-01-12 | 1997-07-17 | International Business Machines Corporation | Secure anonymous information exchange in a network |
US5613001A (en) | 1996-01-16 | 1997-03-18 | Bakhoum; Ezzat G. | Digital signature verification technology for smart credit card and internet applications |
US5700037A (en) | 1996-01-16 | 1997-12-23 | Keller; John A. | Security improved card |
US5793324A (en) | 1996-01-19 | 1998-08-11 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Transponder signal collision avoidance system |
US5777903A (en) | 1996-01-22 | 1998-07-07 | Motorola, Inc. | Solar cell powered smart card with integrated display and interface keypad |
US6197396B1 (en) | 1996-01-27 | 2001-03-06 | Temtec, Inc. | Identification card strip assembly |
DE69729816T2 (en) | 1996-01-31 | 2005-07-21 | Texas Instruments Deutschland Gmbh | Improvement for full-wave rectifier |
US6167236A (en) | 1996-01-31 | 2000-12-26 | Texas Instruments Deutschland, Gmbh | Damping modulation circuit for a full-duplex transponder |
GB9601924D0 (en) | 1996-01-31 | 1996-04-03 | Certicom Corp | Transaction verification protocol for smart cards |
EP0878775A4 (en) | 1996-02-02 | 2001-07-04 | Tokyo Mechatronics Co Ltd | Capacitive data card and reader thereof |
JP3068483B2 (en) | 1996-02-08 | 2000-07-24 | 株式会社東芝 | Pattern reading method and optical signal reading device |
US5742756A (en) | 1996-02-12 | 1998-04-21 | Microsoft Corporation | System and method of using smart cards to perform security-critical operations requiring user authorization |
US5878138A (en) | 1996-02-12 | 1999-03-02 | Microsoft Corporation | System and method for detecting fraudulent expenditure of electronic assets |
US6076078A (en) | 1996-02-14 | 2000-06-13 | Carnegie Mellon University | Anonymous certified delivery |
US6320394B1 (en) | 1996-02-14 | 2001-11-20 | Stmicroelectronics S.R.L. | Capacitive distance sensor |
US5987498A (en) | 1996-02-16 | 1999-11-16 | Atcom, Inc. | Credit card operated computer on-line service communication system |
US5963915A (en) | 1996-02-21 | 1999-10-05 | Infoseek Corporation | Secure, convenient and efficient system and method of performing trans-internet purchase transactions |
US5761306A (en) | 1996-02-22 | 1998-06-02 | Visa International Service Association | Key replacement in a public key cryptosystem |
DE19606789C2 (en) | 1996-02-23 | 1998-07-09 | Orga Kartensysteme Gmbh | Plastic card with a mini chip card that can be removed from it |
US5948116A (en) | 1996-02-23 | 1999-09-07 | Texas Instruments Deutschland, Gmbh | Bit error correction algorithm |
US5838720A (en) | 1996-02-23 | 1998-11-17 | Teletransactions, Inc. | Transceiver control with sleep mode operation |
US5979942A (en) | 1996-02-28 | 1999-11-09 | Ivicic; Zivko G. | Mechanical greeting card |
US5862325A (en) | 1996-02-29 | 1999-01-19 | Intermind Corporation | Computer-based communication system and method using metadata defining a control structure |
AU1987097A (en) | 1996-03-07 | 1997-09-22 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for providing a prepaid, remote memory transaction account with voice indicia |
US6038551A (en) | 1996-03-11 | 2000-03-14 | Microsoft Corporation | System and method for configuring and managing resources on a multi-purpose integrated circuit card using a personal computer |
US5932870A (en) | 1996-03-11 | 1999-08-03 | Pitney Bowes Inc. | Documents containing a magnetic strip with a bar code affixed thereto |
US5828044A (en) | 1996-03-14 | 1998-10-27 | Kookmin Credit Card Co., Ltd. | Non-contacting type radio frequency recognizing credit card system |
US6029147A (en) | 1996-03-15 | 2000-02-22 | Microsoft Corporation | Method and system for providing an interface for supporting multiple formats for on-line banking services |
JPH09259193A (en) | 1996-03-19 | 1997-10-03 | Fujitsu Ltd | Transaction method for electronic money system |
US5970471A (en) | 1996-03-22 | 1999-10-19 | Charles E. Hill & Associates, Inc. | Virtual catalog and product presentation method and apparatus |
US6097292A (en) | 1997-04-01 | 2000-08-01 | Cubic Corporation | Contactless proximity automated data collection system and method |
US5778069A (en) | 1996-04-10 | 1998-07-07 | Microsoft Corporation | Non-biased pseudo random number generator |
US5889941A (en) | 1996-04-15 | 1999-03-30 | Ubiq Inc. | System and apparatus for smart card personalization |
US5991608A (en) | 1996-04-16 | 1999-11-23 | U.S. Phillips Corporation | Portable communication device with optimized transmission loss |
US6044360A (en) | 1996-04-16 | 2000-03-28 | Picciallo; Michael J. | Third party credit card |
US6255031B1 (en) | 1996-04-18 | 2001-07-03 | Kanebo, Ltd. | Near infrared absorbing film, and multi-layered panel comprising the film |
US6014645A (en) | 1996-04-19 | 2000-01-11 | Block Financial Corporation | Real-time financial card application system |
US5983198A (en) | 1996-04-23 | 1999-11-09 | Novus International, Inc. | Integrated system monitoring use of materials, controlling and monitoring delivery of materials and providing automated billing of delivered materials |
US5987140A (en) | 1996-04-26 | 1999-11-16 | Verifone, Inc. | System, method and article of manufacture for secure network electronic payment and credit collection |
US6016484A (en) | 1996-04-26 | 2000-01-18 | Verifone, Inc. | System, method and article of manufacture for network electronic payment instrument and certification of payment and credit collection utilizing a payment |
US5815657A (en) | 1996-04-26 | 1998-09-29 | Verifone, Inc. | System, method and article of manufacture for network electronic authorization utilizing an authorization instrument |
US5963924A (en) | 1996-04-26 | 1999-10-05 | Verifone, Inc. | System, method and article of manufacture for the use of payment instrument holders and payment instruments in network electronic commerce |
JP3866376B2 (en) | 1996-05-02 | 2007-01-10 | テキサス インスツルメンツ インコーポレイテツド | How to make only copyrighted material available for playback and use in a digital media system |
US5825007A (en) | 1996-05-06 | 1998-10-20 | Jesadanont; Mongkol | Automatic non-computer network no-stop collection of expressway tolls by prepaid cards and method: pay according to category of vehicle and the distance it travels |
US5748137A (en) | 1996-05-08 | 1998-05-05 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Wireless flywheel synchronization method |
US5838257A (en) | 1996-05-24 | 1998-11-17 | Trw Inc. | Keyless vehicle entry system employing portable transceiver having low power consumption |
US5924080A (en) | 1996-05-28 | 1999-07-13 | Incredicard Llc | Computerized discount redemption system |
US6092198A (en) | 1997-02-25 | 2000-07-18 | International Business Machines Corporation | System and method for enabling and controlling anonymous file transfer protocol communications |
US5988497A (en) | 1996-05-30 | 1999-11-23 | Mci Communications Corporation | Method for authenticating credit transactions to prevent fraudulent charges |
US5704046A (en) | 1996-05-30 | 1997-12-30 | Mastercard International Inc. | System and method for conducting cashless transactions |
US5739512A (en) | 1996-05-30 | 1998-04-14 | Sun Microsystems, Inc. | Digital delivery of receipts |
US5823359A (en) | 1996-05-30 | 1998-10-20 | Sterling Plastics Co. | Desktop vertical file assembly |
US5834756A (en) | 1996-06-03 | 1998-11-10 | Motorola, Inc. | Magnetically communicative card |
US5778173A (en) | 1996-06-12 | 1998-07-07 | At&T Corp. | Mechanism for enabling secure electronic transactions on the open internet |
US5884310A (en) | 1996-06-14 | 1999-03-16 | Electronic Data Systems Corporation | Distributed data integration method and system |
US5983208A (en) | 1996-06-17 | 1999-11-09 | Verifone, Inc. | System, method and article of manufacture for handling transaction results in a gateway payment architecture utilizing a multichannel, extensible, flexible architecture |
US6072870A (en) | 1996-06-17 | 2000-06-06 | Verifone Inc. | System, method and article of manufacture for a gateway payment architecture utilizing a multichannel, extensible, flexible architecture |
US6002767A (en) | 1996-06-17 | 1999-12-14 | Verifone, Inc. | System, method and article of manufacture for a modular gateway server architecture |
FR2750274B1 (en) | 1996-06-21 | 1998-07-24 | Arditti David | PROCEDURE FOR TAKING INTO ACCOUNT A REQUEST FOR THE USE OF A VIRTUAL PREPAID CARD ALLOWING THE REUSE OF ITS SERIAL NUMBER |
US5731957A (en) | 1996-06-24 | 1998-03-24 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Transponder including a fluid cushioning medium and a method for its production |
US6125352A (en) | 1996-06-28 | 2000-09-26 | Microsoft Corporation | System and method for conducting commerce over a distributed network |
US6073236A (en) | 1996-06-28 | 2000-06-06 | Sony Corporation | Authentication method, communication method, and information processing apparatus |
US5770843A (en) | 1996-07-02 | 1998-06-23 | Ncr Corporation | Access card for multiple accounts |
US5943624A (en) | 1996-07-15 | 1999-08-24 | Motorola, Inc. | Contactless smartcard for use in cellular telephone |
US5844218A (en) | 1996-07-16 | 1998-12-01 | Transaction Technology, Inc. | Method and system for using an application programmable smart card for financial transactions in multiple countries |
US5956693A (en) | 1996-07-19 | 1999-09-21 | Geerlings; Huib | Computer system for merchant communication to customers |
US5903880A (en) | 1996-07-19 | 1999-05-11 | Biffar; Peter C. | Self-contained payment system with circulating digital vouchers |
NL1003693C2 (en) | 1996-07-26 | 1998-01-28 | Nederland Ptt | Connector formed as a chip card, device for cooperation therewith and device provided thereof. |
US5874902A (en) | 1996-07-29 | 1999-02-23 | International Business Machines Corporation | Radio frequency identification transponder with electronic circuit enabling/disabling capability |
US5938010A (en) | 1996-08-06 | 1999-08-17 | Osterbye; Don | Multi-purpose holder device |
US5974238A (en) | 1996-08-07 | 1999-10-26 | Compaq Computer Corporation | Automatic data synchronization between a handheld and a host computer using pseudo cache including tags and logical data elements |
US5903830A (en) | 1996-08-08 | 1999-05-11 | Joao; Raymond Anthony | Transaction security apparatus and method |
US5854891A (en) | 1996-08-09 | 1998-12-29 | Tritheim Technologies, Inc. | Smart card reader having multiple data enabling storage compartments |
US6260026B1 (en) | 1996-08-12 | 2001-07-10 | Kabushiki Kaisha Media Marketing Network | Credit card information management system |
US5809142A (en) | 1996-08-14 | 1998-09-15 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Method and system for calculating a user account balance in a recognition system |
US6088683A (en) | 1996-08-21 | 2000-07-11 | Jalili; Reza | Secure purchase transaction method using telephone number |
US5918216A (en) | 1996-08-22 | 1999-06-29 | Microsoft Corporation | Automatic recognition of periods for financial transactions |
US5907620A (en) | 1996-08-23 | 1999-05-25 | Cheyenne Property Trust | Method and apparatus for enforcing the use of cryptography in an international cryptography framework |
US6104311A (en) | 1996-08-26 | 2000-08-15 | Addison Technologies | Information storage and identification tag |
US5727696A (en) | 1996-08-27 | 1998-03-17 | Southern Imperial, Inc. | Business card display holder |
USD384971S (en) | 1996-08-28 | 1997-10-14 | Transaction Technology, Inc. | Smart card with chip bearing a source identifier |
US5923884A (en) | 1996-08-30 | 1999-07-13 | Gemplus S.C.A. | System and method for loading applications onto a smart card |
US6041308A (en) | 1996-09-04 | 2000-03-21 | Priceline.Com Incorporated | System and method for motivating submission of conditional purchase offers |
US5979757A (en) | 1996-09-05 | 1999-11-09 | Symbol Technologies, Inc. | Method and system for presenting item information using a portable data terminal |
US5845267A (en) | 1996-09-06 | 1998-12-01 | At&T Corp | System and method for billing for transactions conducted over the internet from within an intranet |
NO963903D0 (en) | 1996-09-18 | 1996-09-18 | Gary A Mcconnell | Method of registering validation of a personal signature, compilation of databases for use in the method, an electronic writing device for signature registration and the use of methods and devices |
JP3363454B2 (en) | 1996-09-13 | 2003-01-08 | 沖電気工業株式会社 | Electronic trading system |
EP1023700A2 (en) | 1996-09-17 | 2000-08-02 | Sherry Brennan | Electronic card valet |
US6011487A (en) | 1996-09-17 | 2000-01-04 | Ncr Corporation | System and method of locating wireless devices |
JP3963536B2 (en) | 1996-09-19 | 2007-08-22 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | Card case with a function to display the recorded contents of an IC card |
US5789733A (en) | 1996-09-20 | 1998-08-04 | Motorola, Inc. | Smart card with contactless optical interface |
US5930767A (en) | 1997-05-28 | 1999-07-27 | Motorola, Inc. | Transaction methods systems and devices |
DE29616513U1 (en) | 1996-09-23 | 1996-12-05 | Raekchamnan Tongsai | Telephone note book with insert guide e.g. for a calling card |
US5859587A (en) | 1996-09-26 | 1999-01-12 | Sensormatic Electronics Corporation | Data communication and electronic article surveillance tag |
US5978840A (en) | 1996-09-26 | 1999-11-02 | Verifone, Inc. | System, method and article of manufacture for a payment gateway system architecture for processing encrypted payment transactions utilizing a multichannel, extensible, flexible architecture |
US5931917A (en) | 1996-09-26 | 1999-08-03 | Verifone, Inc. | System, method and article of manufacture for a gateway system architecture with system administration information accessible from a browser |
US5859779A (en) | 1996-10-02 | 1999-01-12 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Portable point-of sale terminal with device for inputting security code access key |
US5913203A (en) | 1996-10-03 | 1999-06-15 | Jaesent Inc. | System and method for pseudo cash transactions |
US6029150A (en) | 1996-10-04 | 2000-02-22 | Certco, Llc | Payment and transactions in electronic commerce system |
US5869822A (en) | 1996-10-04 | 1999-02-09 | Meadows, Ii; Dexter L. | Automated fingerprint identification system |
US5983200A (en) | 1996-10-09 | 1999-11-09 | Slotznick; Benjamin | Intelligent agent for executing delegated tasks |
US6021943A (en) | 1996-10-09 | 2000-02-08 | Chastain; Robert H. | Process for executing payment transactions |
US5953710A (en) | 1996-10-09 | 1999-09-14 | Fleming; Stephen S. | Children's credit or debit card system |
US6323566B1 (en) | 1996-10-10 | 2001-11-27 | Texas Instruments Incorported | Transponder for remote keyless entry systems |
US5791474A (en) | 1996-10-15 | 1998-08-11 | Display Pack, Inc. | Wallet card package |
US6434159B1 (en) | 1996-10-15 | 2002-08-13 | Motorola, Inc. | Transaction system and method therefor |
US5897622A (en) | 1996-10-16 | 1999-04-27 | Microsoft Corporation | Electronic shopping and merchandising system |
US5999914A (en) | 1996-10-16 | 1999-12-07 | Microsoft Corporation | Electronic promotion system for an electronic merchant system |
CN1233327A (en) | 1996-10-17 | 1999-10-27 | 准确定位公司 | Article tracking system |
US6070150A (en) | 1996-10-18 | 2000-05-30 | Microsoft Corporation | Electronic bill presentment and payment system |
US5920058A (en) | 1996-10-23 | 1999-07-06 | Weber; David C. | Holographic labeling and reading machine for authentication and security applications |
US6002438A (en) | 1996-10-25 | 1999-12-14 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Method and apparatus for storing decoded video information |
US5737439A (en) | 1996-10-29 | 1998-04-07 | Smarttouch, Llc. | Anti-fraud biometric scanner that accurately detects blood flow |
DE69718826T2 (en) | 1996-11-05 | 2003-08-07 | Isotag Technology Inc | SECURITY DOCUMENT AND METHOD WHICH INVISIBLE CODED MARKINGS USES |
JPH10129161A (en) | 1996-11-05 | 1998-05-19 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | Information carrying card and its manufacture |
US6268788B1 (en) | 1996-11-07 | 2001-07-31 | Litronic Inc. | Apparatus and method for providing an authentication system based on biometrics |
US6167520A (en) | 1996-11-08 | 2000-12-26 | Finjan Software, Inc. | System and method for protecting a client during runtime from hostile downloadables |
US5898783A (en) | 1996-11-14 | 1999-04-27 | Lucent Technologies, Inc. | System and method for employing a telecommunications network to remotely disable a SIM or smartcard |
US7207478B1 (en) | 1999-11-30 | 2007-04-24 | Diebold, Incorporated | Check accepting and cash dispensing automated banking machine system and method |
JPH10143570A (en) | 1996-11-15 | 1998-05-29 | Susumu Miyake | Electronic transfer method for individual information of credit card, and miniature ic card, adapter card, terminal adapter, slip issuing machine and portable terminal therefor |
US5825302A (en) | 1996-11-20 | 1998-10-20 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | System and method for transmitting data using reflected electromagnetic radiation |
US7062464B1 (en) | 1996-11-27 | 2006-06-13 | Diebold Incorporated | Automated banking machine and system |
FR2756648B1 (en) | 1996-11-29 | 1999-01-08 | Solaic Sa | NON-CONTACT TYPE MEMORY CARD |
US5950179A (en) | 1996-12-03 | 1999-09-07 | Providian Financial Corporation | Method and system for issuing a secured credit card |
US5917913A (en) | 1996-12-04 | 1999-06-29 | Wang; Ynjiun Paul | Portable electronic authorization devices and methods therefor |
US6086971A (en) | 1996-12-04 | 2000-07-11 | Temtec, Inc. | Identification card strip and ribbon assembly |
US5991748A (en) | 1996-12-06 | 1999-11-23 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for regenerating a prepaid transaction account |
US5995898A (en) | 1996-12-06 | 1999-11-30 | Micron Communication, Inc. | RFID system in communication with vehicle on-board computer |
FR2756955B1 (en) | 1996-12-11 | 1999-01-08 | Schlumberger Ind Sa | METHOD FOR PRODUCING AN ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT FOR A CONTACTLESS MEMORY CARD |
US7287271B1 (en) | 1997-04-08 | 2007-10-23 | Visto Corporation | System and method for enabling secure access to services in a computer network |
ES2312172T3 (en) | 1996-12-18 | 2009-02-16 | Ncr International Inc. | SELF-SERVICE TERMINAL (SST) WITH MAINTENANCE FUNCTION. |
US6198728B1 (en) | 1996-12-19 | 2001-03-06 | Phillips Electronics North America Corp. | Medium access control (MAC) protocol for wireless ATM |
EP0849734B1 (en) | 1996-12-20 | 2003-04-16 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Improvements in or relating to security systems |
US5953512A (en) | 1996-12-31 | 1999-09-14 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Microprocessor circuits, systems, and methods implementing a loop and/or stride predicting load target buffer |
US6216219B1 (en) | 1996-12-31 | 2001-04-10 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Microprocessor circuits, systems, and methods implementing a load target buffer with entries relating to prefetch desirability |
US6130623A (en) | 1996-12-31 | 2000-10-10 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Encryption for modulated backscatter systems |
US6230270B1 (en) | 1997-01-03 | 2001-05-08 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Integrated circuit identification system |
US5920628A (en) | 1997-01-09 | 1999-07-06 | Washington University | Method and apparatus for fingerprinting and authenticating various magnetic media |
US6095567A (en) | 1997-01-13 | 2000-08-01 | Buell; Robert | Key locator |
US5864306A (en) | 1997-01-17 | 1999-01-26 | Raytheon Company | Detection regions for transponder tracking |
EP0896712A4 (en) | 1997-01-31 | 2000-01-26 | T Netix Inc | System and method for detecting a recorded voice |
US6331972B1 (en) | 1997-02-03 | 2001-12-18 | Motorola, Inc. | Personal data storage and transaction device system and method |
US5864830A (en) | 1997-02-13 | 1999-01-26 | Armetta; David | Data processing method of configuring and monitoring a satellite spending card linked to a host credit card |
US5988510A (en) | 1997-02-13 | 1999-11-23 | Micron Communications, Inc. | Tamper resistant smart card and method of protecting data in a smart card |
DE29702538U1 (en) | 1997-02-13 | 1997-04-03 | Pixyfoto Gmbh | ID card in the format of a credit or check card |
FR2759795B1 (en) | 1997-02-14 | 1999-05-07 | Francois Charles Oberthur Fidu | METHOD FOR STORING DATA IN A WRITTEN CARD MEMORY |
CN101087195A (en) | 1997-02-14 | 2007-12-12 | 国有花旗银行 | Cyclotomic polynomial construction of discrete logarithm cryptosystems over finite fields |
US6058418A (en) | 1997-02-18 | 2000-05-02 | E-Parcel, Llc | Marketing data delivery system |
US5996076A (en) | 1997-02-19 | 1999-11-30 | Verifone, Inc. | System, method and article of manufacture for secure digital certification of electronic commerce |
US5857709A (en) | 1997-02-24 | 1999-01-12 | Chock; Ernest P. | Anticounterfeit documentation with see-through and write-able hologram |
US5960416A (en) | 1997-02-27 | 1999-09-28 | Block; Robert S. | Real time subscriber billing at a subscriber location in an unstructured communication network |
US6133834A (en) | 1997-03-06 | 2000-10-17 | Texas Instruments Deutschland, Gmbh | Method of trimming film type antennas |
AU734390B2 (en) | 1997-03-10 | 2001-06-14 | Precision Dynamics Corporation | Reactively coupled elements in circuits on flexible substrates |
US5915973A (en) | 1997-03-11 | 1999-06-29 | Sylvan Learning Systems, Inc. | System for administration of remotely-proctored, secure examinations and methods therefor |
US6112984A (en) | 1997-03-14 | 2000-09-05 | Snavely; John D. | Electronic wallet or purse with means for funds transfer |
GB2323329B (en) | 1997-03-19 | 2002-02-06 | Time & Data Syst Int | Identification card with concealed coding |
ATE281680T1 (en) | 1997-03-24 | 2004-11-15 | Visa Int Service Ass | SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR A MULTIPURPOSE CHIP CARD WHICH ALLOWS SUBSEQUENT STORAGE OF AN APPLICATION ON THIS CARD |
US6064320A (en) | 1997-04-04 | 2000-05-16 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Automatic vehicle identification system capable of vehicle lane discrimination |
US5968570A (en) | 1997-04-04 | 1999-10-19 | Paulucci; Jeno F. | Folded pastry product |
IL120632A0 (en) | 1997-04-08 | 1997-08-14 | Zuta Marc | Multiprocessor system and method |
US5955969A (en) | 1997-04-09 | 1999-09-21 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Method to prevent rouge transponder responses in automatic vehicle identification systems |
KR100234317B1 (en) | 1997-04-10 | 1999-12-15 | 윤종용 | Method for downloading the chosen data on PDA |
JPH10289296A (en) | 1997-04-11 | 1998-10-27 | Toppan Printing Co Ltd | Non-contact ic card |
FR2762119B1 (en) | 1997-04-11 | 1999-07-09 | Gemplus Card Int | SYSTEM OF TRANSFER OF DATA AND UNITS OF VALUE ON A NETWORK OF SLOT MACHINES |
US5912678A (en) | 1997-04-14 | 1999-06-15 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Process flow design at the module effects level through the use of acceptability regions |
US5930777A (en) | 1997-04-15 | 1999-07-27 | Barber; Timothy P. | Method of charging for pay-per-access information over a network |
US6125192A (en) | 1997-04-21 | 2000-09-26 | Digital Persona, Inc. | Fingerprint recognition system |
US6012636A (en) | 1997-04-22 | 2000-01-11 | Smith; Frank E. | Multiple card data system having first and second memory elements including magnetic strip and fingerprints scanning means |
JP3385906B2 (en) | 1997-04-23 | 2003-03-10 | オムロン株式会社 | Transaction processing system and host device |
US5950174A (en) | 1997-04-25 | 1999-09-07 | At&T Corp. | Affiliation-based arrangement for billing |
DE19718103A1 (en) | 1997-04-29 | 1998-06-04 | Kim Schmitz | Data transmission system authorise method e.g. for telebanking |
US6282522B1 (en) | 1997-04-30 | 2001-08-28 | Visa International Service Association | Internet payment system using smart card |
US5970148A (en) | 1997-05-02 | 1999-10-19 | Texas Instruments Deutschland, Gmbh | Low cost encryption transponder |
US6297727B1 (en) | 1997-05-05 | 2001-10-02 | George N. Nelson, Jr. | Transponder identification and record assembly |
US6014636A (en) | 1997-05-06 | 2000-01-11 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Point of sale method and system |
US6999936B2 (en) | 1997-05-06 | 2006-02-14 | Sehr Richard P | Electronic ticketing system and methods utilizing multi-service visitor cards |
CH691749A5 (en) | 1997-05-09 | 2001-09-28 | Njc Innovations | smartcard and RF transmission means to communicate with the smart card. |
JP3728366B2 (en) | 1997-05-13 | 2005-12-21 | 株式会社ルネサステクノロジ | IC card |
US5970472A (en) | 1997-05-13 | 1999-10-19 | Fogdog Sports | Performing electronic commerce on the internet providing links from product manufacturers to authorized dealers where the authorized dealer provides a custom order interface for the manufacturer's products |
US6220510B1 (en) | 1997-05-15 | 2001-04-24 | Mondex International Limited | Multi-application IC card with delegation feature |
US6044388A (en) | 1997-05-15 | 2000-03-28 | International Business Machine Corporation | Pseudorandom number generator |
US6330544B1 (en) | 1997-05-19 | 2001-12-11 | Walker Digital, Llc | System and process for issuing and managing forced redemption vouchers having alias account numbers |
US6082422A (en) | 1997-06-03 | 2000-07-04 | Storus Corp. | Money clip and card holder |
JP3104646B2 (en) | 1997-06-04 | 2000-10-30 | ソニー株式会社 | External storage device |
JPH10340231A (en) | 1997-06-05 | 1998-12-22 | Kokusai Electric Co Ltd | Ic card |
US6050494A (en) | 1997-06-09 | 2000-04-18 | Samsung Display Devices Co., Ltd. | Smart card |
US5949044A (en) | 1997-06-13 | 1999-09-07 | Walker Asset Management Limited Partnership | Method and apparatus for funds and credit line transfers |
US5838818A (en) | 1997-06-18 | 1998-11-17 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Artifact reduction compression method and apparatus for mosaiced images |
US6144948A (en) | 1997-06-23 | 2000-11-07 | Walker Digital, Llc | Instant credit card marketing system for reservations for future services |
US6085976A (en) | 1998-05-22 | 2000-07-11 | Sehr; Richard P. | Travel system and methods utilizing multi-application passenger cards |
US5945653A (en) | 1997-06-26 | 1999-08-31 | Walker Asset Management Limited Partnership | System and method for establishing and executing functions to affect credit card accounts and transactions |
IL121192A0 (en) | 1997-06-30 | 1997-11-20 | Ultimus Ltd | Processing system and method for a heterogeneous electronic cash environment |
USD408054S (en) | 1997-07-02 | 1999-04-13 | Retail Royalty Company | Partially transparent card with opaque machine-readable and signature-receiving stripes |
FI105637B (en) | 1997-07-02 | 2000-09-15 | Sonera Oyj | A method for managing applications stored on a subscriber identity module |
JP4309479B2 (en) | 1997-07-03 | 2009-08-05 | シティコープ デヴェロップメント センター | A system for sending values to the magnetic stripe of a transaction card |
US5970470A (en) | 1997-07-08 | 1999-10-19 | Walker Asset Management Limited Partnership | System and method for establishing and managing subscription purchase agreements including commitments to purchase goods over time at agreed upon prices |
US6000608A (en) | 1997-07-10 | 1999-12-14 | Dorf; Robert E. | Multifunction card system |
US6295522B1 (en) | 1997-07-11 | 2001-09-25 | Cybercash, Inc. | Stored-value card value acquisition method and apparatus |
US5929801A (en) | 1997-07-11 | 1999-07-27 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Method for repeating interrogations until failing to receive unintelligible responses to identify plurality of transponders by an interrogator |
US6006988A (en) | 1997-07-15 | 1999-12-28 | Behrmann; Bry E. | Non-cash media card and process of dispensing from automated teller |
US6078888A (en) | 1997-07-16 | 2000-06-20 | Gilbarco Inc. | Cryptography security for remote dispenser transactions |
JP3518266B2 (en) | 1997-07-18 | 2004-04-12 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | Table editing device |
US5963134A (en) | 1997-07-24 | 1999-10-05 | Checkpoint Systems, Inc. | Inventory system using articles with RFID tags |
US5982914A (en) | 1997-07-29 | 1999-11-09 | Smarttouch, Inc. | Identification of individuals from association of finger pores and macrofeatures |
US6006216A (en) | 1997-07-29 | 1999-12-21 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Data architecture for fetch-intensive database applications |
US6016476A (en) | 1997-08-11 | 2000-01-18 | International Business Machines Corporation | Portable information and transaction processing system and method utilizing biometric authorization and digital certificate security |
CH689070A5 (en) | 1997-08-13 | 1998-08-31 | Bresch Peter | Key fob acting as car-park access card, for automatic charging for parking |
US6060815A (en) | 1997-08-18 | 2000-05-09 | X-Cyte, Inc. | Frequency mixing passive transponder |
US6014650A (en) | 1997-08-19 | 2000-01-11 | Zampese; David | Purchase management system and method |
US6003014A (en) | 1997-08-22 | 1999-12-14 | Visa International Service Association | Method and apparatus for acquiring access using a smart card |
EP0899703B1 (en) | 1997-08-25 | 2002-10-30 | Texas Instruments France | A navigational system |
US6018718A (en) | 1997-08-28 | 2000-01-25 | Walker Asset Management Limited Partnership | Method and system for processing customized reward offers |
US6163771A (en) | 1997-08-28 | 2000-12-19 | Walker Digital, Llc | Method and device for generating a single-use financial account number |
CN1165878C (en) | 1997-08-29 | 2004-09-08 | 皇家菲利浦电子有限公司 | Method of, and system for, effecting cashless transactions and device for use in such system |
US6466780B1 (en) | 1997-09-03 | 2002-10-15 | Interlok Technologies, Llc | Method and apparatus for securing digital communications |
US6102672A (en) | 1997-09-10 | 2000-08-15 | Turbodyne Systems, Inc. | Motor-driven centrifugal air compressor with internal cooling airflow |
US6032866A (en) | 1997-09-10 | 2000-03-07 | Motorola, Inc. | Foldable apparatus having an interface |
US6213391B1 (en) | 1997-09-10 | 2001-04-10 | William H. Lewis | Portable system for personal identification based upon distinctive characteristics of the user |
MXPA00002497A (en) | 1997-09-12 | 2003-07-21 | Amazon Com Inc | Method and system for placing a purchase order via a communications network. |
US5960411A (en) | 1997-09-12 | 1999-09-28 | Amazon.Com, Inc. | Method and system for placing a purchase order via a communications network |
GB9719459D0 (en) | 1997-09-12 | 1997-11-12 | Bank Of England | Printed articles |
US5914472A (en) | 1997-09-23 | 1999-06-22 | At&T Corp | Credit card spending authorization control system |
US5883810A (en) | 1997-09-24 | 1999-03-16 | Microsoft Corporation | Electronic online commerce card with transactionproxy number for online transactions |
US6000832A (en) | 1997-09-24 | 1999-12-14 | Microsoft Corporation | Electronic online commerce card with customer generated transaction proxy number for online transactions |
US6073840A (en) | 1997-09-26 | 2000-06-13 | Gilbarco Inc. | Fuel dispensing and retail system providing for transponder prepayment |
US6810304B1 (en) | 1997-09-26 | 2004-10-26 | Gilbarco Inc. | Multistage ordering system for a fueling and retail environment |
US6098879A (en) | 1997-09-26 | 2000-08-08 | Gilbarco, Inc. | Fuel dispensing system providing customer preferences |
US6470386B1 (en) | 1997-09-26 | 2002-10-22 | Worldcom, Inc. | Integrated proxy interface for web based telecommunications management tools |
US20020113082A1 (en) | 1997-09-26 | 2002-08-22 | Leatherman Russel Dean | Antenna placement in a fueling and retail system |
US6768415B1 (en) | 1997-10-03 | 2004-07-27 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Wireless identification device, RFID device with push-on/push-off switch, method of manufacturing wireless identification device |
US5984180A (en) | 1997-10-06 | 1999-11-16 | Albrecht; Jerry L. | Method and system for gift credit card |
US6024385A (en) | 1997-10-07 | 2000-02-15 | Goda; Yukio | Informational device |
US5970475A (en) | 1997-10-10 | 1999-10-19 | Intelisys Electronic Commerce, Llc | Electronic procurement system and method for trading partners |
US6367011B1 (en) | 1997-10-14 | 2002-04-02 | Visa International Service Association | Personalization of smart cards |
US6105008A (en) | 1997-10-16 | 2000-08-15 | Visa International Service Association | Internet loading system using smart card |
US6026166A (en) | 1997-10-20 | 2000-02-15 | Cryptoworx Corporation | Digitally certifying a user identity and a computer system in combination |
US6233348B1 (en) | 1997-10-20 | 2001-05-15 | Fujitsu Limited | Fingerprint registering apparatus, fingerprint identifying apparatus, and fingerprint identifying method |
US6177859B1 (en) | 1997-10-21 | 2001-01-23 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Radio frequency communication apparatus and methods of forming a radio frequency communication apparatus |
US6024286A (en) | 1997-10-21 | 2000-02-15 | At&T Corp | Smart card providing a plurality of independently accessible accounts |
US5991750A (en) | 1997-10-24 | 1999-11-23 | Ge Capital | System and method for pre-authorization of individual account transactions |
US5987155A (en) | 1997-10-27 | 1999-11-16 | Dew Engineering And Development Limited | Biometric input device with peripheral port |
US5958004A (en) | 1997-10-28 | 1999-09-28 | Microsoft Corporation | Disabling and enabling transaction committal in transactional application components |
US6084967A (en) | 1997-10-29 | 2000-07-04 | Motorola, Inc. | Radio telecommunication device and method of authenticating a user with a voice authentication token |
US5966697A (en) | 1997-10-30 | 1999-10-12 | Clearcommerce Corporation | System and method for secure transaction order management processing |
IL122105A0 (en) | 1997-11-04 | 1998-04-05 | Rozin Alexander | A two-way radio-based electronic toll collection method and system for highway |
US6138913A (en) | 1997-11-05 | 2000-10-31 | Isotag Technology, Inc. | Security document and method using invisible coded markings |
US6038292A (en) | 1997-11-07 | 2000-03-14 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for language registration of prepaid, remote entry customer account |
DE19749755A1 (en) | 1997-11-11 | 1999-05-12 | Meiller Comcard Gmbh | Transportable card unit |
US20010053239A1 (en) | 1997-11-12 | 2001-12-20 | Jasper Consulting, Inc. | Credit card fraud elimination system |
EP0917119A3 (en) | 1997-11-12 | 2001-01-10 | Citicorp Development Center, Inc. | Distributed network based electronic wallet |
US6041412A (en) | 1997-11-14 | 2000-03-21 | Tl Technology Rerearch (M) Sdn. Bhd. | Apparatus and method for providing access to secured data or area |
US6177860B1 (en) | 1997-11-17 | 2001-01-23 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method and economical direct connected apparatus for deploying and tracking computers |
US6095413A (en) | 1997-11-17 | 2000-08-01 | Automated Transaction Corporation | System and method for enhanced fraud detection in automated electronic credit card processing |
WO1999027489A1 (en) | 1997-11-20 | 1999-06-03 | Quo Technologies, L.L.C. | Method and system for biometric recognition using unique internal distinguishing characteristics |
US6205151B1 (en) | 1997-11-21 | 2001-03-20 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | ATM cell scheduler which uses a heap memory and associates timestamps with each channel |
US6115360A (en) | 1997-11-21 | 2000-09-05 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Fair scheduling of ATM cell transmissions during overscheduled conditions |
US5969318A (en) | 1997-11-24 | 1999-10-19 | Mackenthun; Holger | Gateway apparatus for designing and issuing multiple application cards |
JP2950307B2 (en) | 1997-11-28 | 1999-09-20 | 日本電気株式会社 | Personal authentication device and personal authentication method |
US6014635A (en) | 1997-12-08 | 2000-01-11 | Shc Direct, Inc. | System and method for providing a discount credit transaction network |
JPH11175640A (en) | 1997-12-09 | 1999-07-02 | Oki Electric Ind Co Ltd | Electronic transaction system |
US6092057A (en) | 1997-12-12 | 2000-07-18 | Commstar, Inc. | Unattended POS system for automatic control of bank system rejections |
CH689680A5 (en) | 1997-12-12 | 1999-08-13 | Electrowatt Tech Innovat Corp | Smart card with durably-protected security elements, e.g. holograms |
US6041410A (en) | 1997-12-22 | 2000-03-21 | Trw Inc. | Personal identification fob |
KR100382181B1 (en) | 1997-12-22 | 2003-05-09 | 모토로라 인코포레이티드 | Single account portable wireless financial messaging unit |
US6263446B1 (en) | 1997-12-23 | 2001-07-17 | Arcot Systems, Inc. | Method and apparatus for secure distribution of authentication credentials to roaming users |
US6023510A (en) | 1997-12-24 | 2000-02-08 | Philips Electronics North America Corporation | Method of secure anonymous query by electronic messages transported via a public network and method of response |
US5995014A (en) | 1997-12-30 | 1999-11-30 | Accu-Time Systems, Inc. | Biometric interface device for upgrading existing access control units |
US5970473A (en) | 1997-12-31 | 1999-10-19 | At&T Corp. | Video communication device providing in-home catalog services |
US6121544A (en) | 1998-01-15 | 2000-09-19 | Petsinger; Julie Ann | Electromagnetic shield to prevent surreptitious access to contactless smartcards |
US6101477A (en) | 1998-01-23 | 2000-08-08 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for a travel-related multi-function smartcard |
US5989950A (en) | 1998-01-26 | 1999-11-23 | Texas Instruments - Acer Incorporated | Reduced mask CMOS salicided process |
US6098053A (en) | 1998-01-28 | 2000-08-01 | Citibank, N.A. | System and method for performing an electronic financial transaction |
US8346663B2 (en) | 1998-01-30 | 2013-01-01 | Citicorp Development Center, Inc. | Method and system of contactless interfacing for smart card banking |
US6889198B2 (en) | 1998-01-30 | 2005-05-03 | Citicorp Development Center, Inc. | Method and system for tracking smart card loyalty points |
US6742120B1 (en) | 1998-02-03 | 2004-05-25 | Mondex International Limited | System and method for controlling access to computer code in an IC card |
US6012049A (en) | 1998-02-04 | 2000-01-04 | Citicorp Development Center, Inc. | System for performing financial transactions using a smartcard |
AU2289999A (en) | 1998-02-06 | 1999-08-23 | Mondex International Limited | Configuration of ic card |
US6061344A (en) | 1998-02-19 | 2000-05-09 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Method of addressing messages and communications system |
JPH11227367A (en) | 1998-02-19 | 1999-08-24 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | Id card |
US6157824A (en) | 1998-03-02 | 2000-12-05 | Bailey; Kenneth S. | Virtual credit card access device for mobile communications equipment |
US6104922A (en) | 1998-03-02 | 2000-08-15 | Motorola, Inc. | User authentication in a communication system utilizing biometric information |
US6421650B1 (en) | 1998-03-04 | 2002-07-16 | Goetech Llc | Medication monitoring system and apparatus |
US6179205B1 (en) | 1998-03-05 | 2001-01-30 | Visa International Service Association | System and method for locking and unlocking and application in a smart card |
US6199079B1 (en) | 1998-03-09 | 2001-03-06 | Junglee Corporation | Method and system for automatically filling forms in an integrated network based transaction environment |
US6329920B1 (en) | 1998-03-09 | 2001-12-11 | Aginfolink Holdings Inc. | Apparatus and method for reading radio frequency identification transponders used for livestock identification and data collection |
CZ286152B6 (en) | 1998-03-13 | 2000-01-12 | Miroslav Ing. Csc. Vlček | Transparent and semitransparent diffraction elements, particularly holograms and process of their production |
US7171662B1 (en) | 1998-03-18 | 2007-01-30 | Microsoft Corporation | System and method for software licensing |
US6578768B1 (en) | 1998-03-20 | 2003-06-17 | Mastercard International Incorporated | Method and device for selecting a reconfigurable communications protocol between and IC card and a terminal |
US6081790A (en) | 1998-03-20 | 2000-06-27 | Citibank, N.A. | System and method for secure presentment and payment over open networks |
US6636833B1 (en) | 1998-03-25 | 2003-10-21 | Obis Patents Ltd. | Credit card system and method |
US6609656B1 (en) | 1998-03-27 | 2003-08-26 | Micron Technology, Inc. | Method and system for identifying lost or stolen devices |
US6419158B2 (en) | 1998-03-27 | 2002-07-16 | Peter Hooglander | System and method for carrying medical and/or personal information |
US6422462B1 (en) | 1998-03-30 | 2002-07-23 | Morris E. Cohen | Apparatus and methods for improved credit cards and credit card transactions |
SG92632A1 (en) | 1998-03-30 | 2002-11-19 | Citicorp Dev Ct Inc | Method and system for managing applications for a multi-function smartcard |
US6505773B1 (en) | 1998-04-03 | 2003-01-14 | International Business Machines Corporation | Authenticated electronic coupon issuing and redemption |
IL123949A (en) | 1998-04-03 | 2001-07-24 | On Track Innovations Ltd | Data transaction card having extended range |
US6173899B1 (en) | 1998-04-03 | 2001-01-16 | Alexander Rozin | Method and system for contactless energy transmission and data exchange between a terminal and IC card |
US6539101B1 (en) | 1998-04-07 | 2003-03-25 | Gerald R. Black | Method for identity verification |
US6307956B1 (en) | 1998-04-07 | 2001-10-23 | Gerald R. Black | Writing implement for identity verification system |
US6158655A (en) * | 1998-04-08 | 2000-12-12 | Donnelly Corporation | Vehicle mounted remote transaction interface system |
US5949335A (en) | 1998-04-14 | 1999-09-07 | Sensormatic Electronics Corporation | RFID tagging system for network assets |
US7004385B1 (en) | 2003-04-01 | 2006-02-28 | Diebold Self-Service Systems Division Of Diebold, Incorporated | Currency dispensing ATM with RFID card reader |
US6315195B1 (en) | 1998-04-17 | 2001-11-13 | Diebold, Incorporated | Transaction apparatus and method |
US6052675A (en) | 1998-04-21 | 2000-04-18 | At&T Corp. | Method and apparatus for preauthorizing credit card type transactions |
US6710701B2 (en) | 1998-04-22 | 2004-03-23 | Gilbarco Inc. | Rfid tag location using tag or host interaction record |
US5955951A (en) | 1998-04-24 | 1999-09-21 | Sensormatic Electronics Corporation | Combined article surveillance and product identification system |
US6068184A (en) | 1998-04-27 | 2000-05-30 | Barnett; Donald A. | Security card and system for use thereof |
US6173272B1 (en) | 1998-04-27 | 2001-01-09 | The Clearing House Service Company L.L.C. | Electronic funds transfer method and system and bill presentment method and system |
US6219639B1 (en) | 1998-04-28 | 2001-04-17 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method and apparatus for recognizing identity of individuals employing synchronized biometrics |
USD432939S (en) | 1998-04-29 | 2000-10-31 | Peter Hooglander | Foldable medical identification system locket with readable electronic chip |
US6141752A (en) | 1998-05-05 | 2000-10-31 | Liberate Technologies | Mechanism for facilitating secure storage and retrieval of information on a smart card by an internet service provider using various network computer client devices |
US7096494B1 (en) | 1998-05-05 | 2006-08-22 | Chen Jay C | Cryptographic system and method for electronic transactions |
US6199762B1 (en) | 1998-05-06 | 2001-03-13 | American Express Travel Related Services Co., Inc. | Methods and apparatus for dynamic smartcard synchronization and personalization |
EP0956818B1 (en) | 1998-05-11 | 2004-11-24 | Citicorp Development Center, Inc. | System and method of biometric smart card user authentication |
FR2778475B1 (en) | 1998-05-11 | 2001-11-23 | Schlumberger Systems & Service | NON-CONTACT TYPE MEMORY CARD, AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH A CARD |
US6411611B1 (en) | 1998-05-18 | 2002-06-25 | Koninklijke Phillips Electronics N.V. | Communication systems, communication methods and a method of communicating data within a DECT communication system |
EP0959440A3 (en) | 1998-05-22 | 2000-05-17 | Citicorp Development Center, Inc. | System and method for automated electronic scrip transactions |
DE19823532C2 (en) | 1998-05-26 | 2003-08-21 | T Mobile Deutschland Gmbh | Method for controlling a subscriber identity module (SIM) in mobile radio systems |
DE19823731A1 (en) | 1998-05-27 | 1999-12-02 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Remote control device for vehicles |
US6131811A (en) | 1998-05-29 | 2000-10-17 | E-Micro Corporation | Wallet consolidator |
US6266754B1 (en) | 1998-05-29 | 2001-07-24 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Secure computing device including operating system stored in non-relocatable page of memory |
US6107920A (en) * | 1998-06-09 | 2000-08-22 | Motorola, Inc. | Radio frequency identification tag having an article integrated antenna |
US6129274A (en) | 1998-06-09 | 2000-10-10 | Fujitsu Limited | System and method for updating shopping transaction history using electronic personal digital shopping assistant |
JPH11353425A (en) | 1998-06-10 | 1999-12-24 | Hitachi Ltd | Ic card terminal device |
FR2779850A1 (en) | 1998-06-16 | 1999-12-17 | Roland Moreno | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR USING A MICROCIRCUIT CARD IN A PLURALITY OF APPLICATIONS |
US6141651A (en) | 1998-06-19 | 2000-10-31 | First Data Corporation | Funding and settlement integrated suspense processing system |
IT245067Y1 (en) | 1998-06-19 | 2002-03-19 | 4P Srl | MULTI-FUNCTION HANDHELD ELECTRONIC PROCESSOR STRUCTURE. |
US6029890A (en) | 1998-06-22 | 2000-02-29 | Austin; Frank | User-Specified credit card system |
US6250554B1 (en) | 1998-06-23 | 2001-06-26 | Agfa-Gevaert | Chip card comprising an imaged-receiving layer |
US6445794B1 (en) | 1998-06-24 | 2002-09-03 | Benyamin Ron | System and method for synchronizing one time pad encryption keys for secure communication and access control |
USD406861S (en) | 1998-06-25 | 1999-03-16 | Retail Royalty Company | Partially transparent card with opaque machine-readable and signature-receiving stripes |
JP3531481B2 (en) | 1998-06-29 | 2004-05-31 | 日立プラント建設株式会社 | Wastewater treatment method and apparatus |
US20040208343A1 (en) | 1998-07-09 | 2004-10-21 | Colorado State University Research Foundation | Apparatus and method for creating a record using biometric information |
US6219439B1 (en) | 1998-07-09 | 2001-04-17 | Paul M. Burger | Biometric authentication system |
US6240989B1 (en) | 1998-07-14 | 2001-06-05 | Mahmoud Masoud | Business card holder and dispenser |
US6360953B1 (en) | 1998-07-15 | 2002-03-26 | Magnex Corporation | Secure print sensing smart card with on-the-fly-operation |
US6105865A (en) | 1998-07-17 | 2000-08-22 | Hardesty; Laurence Daniel | Financial transaction system with retirement saving benefit |
US6421617B2 (en) | 1998-07-18 | 2002-07-16 | Interval Research Corporation | Interface including fluid flow measurement for use in determining an intention of, or an effect produced by, an animate object |
US6116505A (en) | 1998-07-21 | 2000-09-12 | Gilbarco Inc. | Fuel transaction system for enabling the purchase of fuel and non-fuel items on a single authorization |
US6173897B1 (en) | 1998-07-27 | 2001-01-16 | John W. Halpern | Universal card interface module for contact free cards |
US5933328A (en) | 1998-07-28 | 1999-08-03 | Sandisk Corporation | Compact mechanism for removable insertion of multiple integrated circuit cards into portable and other electronic devices |
JP2000048153A (en) | 1998-07-31 | 2000-02-18 | Sony Corp | Non-contact ic card |
DE69923463T2 (en) | 1998-07-31 | 2005-06-23 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd., Kadoma | A dual-use contactless smart card, a system consisting of terminal and card, and communication methods |
US6129277A (en) | 1998-08-03 | 2000-10-10 | Privicon, Inc. | Card reader for transmission of data by sound |
US6438235B2 (en) | 1998-08-05 | 2002-08-20 | Hewlett-Packard Company | Media content protection utilizing public key cryptography |
US7228437B2 (en) | 1998-08-13 | 2007-06-05 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method and system for securing local database file of local content stored on end-user system |
AU762475B2 (en) | 1998-08-14 | 2003-06-26 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Applications for radio frequency identification systems |
US6250557B1 (en) | 1998-08-25 | 2001-06-26 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Methods and arrangements for a smart card wallet and uses thereof |
US6315193B1 (en) | 1998-08-31 | 2001-11-13 | Mastercard International Incorporated | Financial transaction card with installment loan feature |
DE19839847A1 (en) | 1998-09-02 | 2000-03-09 | Ibm | Storage of data objects in the memory of a chip card |
US6222914B1 (en) | 1998-09-02 | 2001-04-24 | Mcmullin John L. | System and method for administration of an incentive award system having a delayed award payment using a credit instrument |
US5973475A (en) | 1998-09-04 | 1999-10-26 | Ic-Tv Interactive Cyber Television Inc. | Remote smart battery |
CA2246873A1 (en) | 1998-09-09 | 2000-03-09 | Richard Verdicchio | Latching mechanism |
AU5809099A (en) | 1998-09-11 | 2000-04-03 | Motorola, Inc. | Radio frequency identification tag apparatus and related method |
WO2000019383A2 (en) | 1998-09-11 | 2000-04-06 | Loquitor Technologies Llc | Generation and detection of induced current using acoustic energy |
US6507662B1 (en) | 1998-09-11 | 2003-01-14 | Quid Technologies Llc | Method and system for biometric recognition based on electric and/or magnetic properties |
US6148484A (en) | 1998-09-15 | 2000-11-21 | Andreae, Jr.; Fred N. | Clip for retaining a golf score card, and optionally providing advertisement, in passenger-carrying golf carts |
US6607136B1 (en) | 1998-09-16 | 2003-08-19 | Beepcard Inc. | Physical presence digital authentication system |
US6549912B1 (en) | 1998-09-23 | 2003-04-15 | Visa International Service Association | Loyalty file structure for smart card |
US6513015B2 (en) | 1998-09-25 | 2003-01-28 | Fujitsu Limited | System and method for customer recognition using wireless identification and visual data transmission |
US6102162A (en) | 1998-10-08 | 2000-08-15 | Teicher; Mordechai | Automated self-service cafeteria system |
JP3394716B2 (en) | 1998-10-12 | 2003-04-07 | 花王株式会社 | Hair dye composition |
DE19847135B4 (en) | 1998-10-13 | 2007-10-31 | Texas Instruments Deutschland Gmbh | Method for reading the data stored in a transponder and transponder system for carrying out the method |
FI117077B (en) | 1998-10-14 | 2006-05-31 | Sonera Smarttrust Oy | Method and system for applying the security marking |
US6573884B1 (en) | 1998-10-16 | 2003-06-03 | Gilbarco Inc. | ADA convertible input display |
US6496594B1 (en) | 1998-10-22 | 2002-12-17 | Francine J. Prokoski | Method and apparatus for aligning and comparing images of the face and body from different imagers |
US6317750B1 (en) | 1998-10-26 | 2001-11-13 | Hyperion Solutions Corporation | Method and apparatus for accessing multidimensional data |
CA2347684A1 (en) | 1998-10-27 | 2000-05-04 | Visa International Service Association | Delegated management of smart card applications |
US6473500B1 (en) | 1998-10-28 | 2002-10-29 | Mastercard International Incorporated | System and method for using a prepaid card |
US6100804A (en) | 1998-10-29 | 2000-08-08 | Intecmec Ip Corp. | Radio frequency identification system |
US7254557B1 (en) | 1998-11-09 | 2007-08-07 | C/Base, Inc. | Financial services payment vehicle and method |
US7047416B2 (en) | 1998-11-09 | 2006-05-16 | First Data Corporation | Account-based digital signature (ABDS) system |
US6519565B1 (en) | 1998-11-10 | 2003-02-11 | Voice Security Systems, Inc. | Method of comparing utterances for security control |
US6032136A (en) | 1998-11-17 | 2000-02-29 | First Usa Bank, N.A. | Customer activated multi-value (CAM) card |
US6353811B1 (en) | 1998-11-18 | 2002-03-05 | Steven I. Weissman | Credit card billing system for identifying expenditures on a credit card account |
US6076296A (en) | 1998-11-20 | 2000-06-20 | Schaeffer; Robert | Combined holder and handle for machine readable entry card |
US6257486B1 (en) | 1998-11-23 | 2001-07-10 | Cardis Research & Development Ltd. | Smart card pin system, card, and reader |
US20040016796A1 (en) | 1998-11-25 | 2004-01-29 | Diebold, Incorporated | Automated banking apparatus and method |
US6070154A (en) | 1998-11-27 | 2000-05-30 | Activepoint Ltd. | Internet credit card security |
JP2000163538A (en) | 1998-11-30 | 2000-06-16 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | Information storage medium |
US6179206B1 (en) | 1998-12-07 | 2001-01-30 | Fujitsu Limited | Electronic shopping system having self-scanning price check and purchasing terminal |
US6173269B1 (en) | 1998-12-16 | 2001-01-09 | Zowi.Com, Inc | Method and apparatus for executing electronic commercial transactions with minors |
DE19858840A1 (en) | 1998-12-19 | 2000-06-21 | Orga Kartensysteme Gmbh | Method for bidirectional data transfer between a terminal and a chip card and chip card |
JP2000177229A (en) | 1998-12-21 | 2000-06-27 | Alps Electric Co Ltd | Information recorded matter and information recording method |
US6123223A (en) | 1998-12-21 | 2000-09-26 | Watkins; Kenneth M. | Automated vending system for floral arrangements |
EP1014320A1 (en) | 1998-12-21 | 2000-06-28 | Ncr International Inc. | Method of and apparatus for maintaining a customer loyalty program on a smart card |
US20030050831A1 (en) | 1998-12-22 | 2003-03-13 | John Klayh | System for distribution and redemption of loyalty points and coupons |
US6116655A (en) | 1998-12-22 | 2000-09-12 | Thouin; Mark E. | Frangible card with a sealed compartment |
JP4242494B2 (en) | 1998-12-24 | 2009-03-25 | 大日本印刷株式会社 | Portable signal processor |
US6327578B1 (en) | 1998-12-29 | 2001-12-04 | International Business Machines Corporation | Four-party credit/debit payment protocol |
US6327573B1 (en) | 1998-12-31 | 2001-12-04 | Walker Digital, Llc | Multiple party reward system utilizing single account |
EP1016947A3 (en) | 1998-12-31 | 2006-04-26 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Portable electronic equipment key |
US6481621B1 (en) | 1999-01-12 | 2002-11-19 | International Business Machines Corporation | System method and article of manufacture for accessing and processing smart card information |
US6332193B1 (en) | 1999-01-18 | 2001-12-18 | Sensar, Inc. | Method and apparatus for securely transmitting and authenticating biometric data over a network |
US6546373B1 (en) | 1999-01-18 | 2003-04-08 | Mastercard International Incorporated | System and method for recovering refundable taxes |
US6651168B1 (en) | 1999-01-29 | 2003-11-18 | International Business Machines, Corp. | Authentication framework for multiple authentication processes and mechanisms |
US6263316B1 (en) | 1999-02-02 | 2001-07-17 | Momente, Llc | Automated process for retailing to a vehicle occupant |
JP2000222176A (en) | 1999-02-03 | 2000-08-11 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Random-number generating circuit, noncontact ic card and reader/writer having same random-number generating circuit inside, and method for testing device having same random-number generating circuit inside |
US7961917B2 (en) | 1999-02-10 | 2011-06-14 | Pen-One, Inc. | Method for identity verification |
WO2000049586A1 (en) | 1999-02-18 | 2000-08-24 | Orbis Patents Limited | Credit card system and method |
JP2000242635A (en) | 1999-02-19 | 2000-09-08 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | Chart editing device |
US7451114B1 (en) | 1999-02-19 | 2008-11-11 | Visa International Service Association | Conducting commerce between individuals |
US8538801B2 (en) | 1999-02-19 | 2013-09-17 | Exxonmobile Research & Engineering Company | System and method for processing financial transactions |
JP4204133B2 (en) | 1999-02-26 | 2009-01-07 | ローム株式会社 | Communications system |
JP4289710B2 (en) | 1999-03-01 | 2009-07-01 | ローム株式会社 | Communication system having authentication function |
US6687714B1 (en) | 1999-03-01 | 2004-02-03 | Citicorp Development Center, Inc. | Method and system for managing transaction card data |
CA2300241A1 (en) | 1999-03-08 | 2000-09-08 | Lenexa Card, L.L.C. | A keytag card having encodeable magnetic strip |
US6483477B1 (en) | 1999-03-10 | 2002-11-19 | Harris Corporation | RF receiving antenna system |
US7190257B2 (en) | 1999-03-16 | 2007-03-13 | Intermec Ip Corp. | Data encoding in radio frequency identification transponders |
US8498898B1 (en) | 1999-03-19 | 2013-07-30 | Citicorp Development Center, Inc. | System and method for point of use reward determination |
US6364208B1 (en) | 1999-03-29 | 2002-04-02 | Transmo Limited | Card changing system |
US6510998B1 (en) | 1999-03-29 | 2003-01-28 | Transmo Limited | Card charging system |
US6507762B1 (en) | 1999-03-31 | 2003-01-14 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method and system for remotely controlling an appliance using a personal digital assistant |
US6400272B1 (en) * | 1999-04-01 | 2002-06-04 | Presto Technologies, Inc. | Wireless transceiver for communicating with tags |
US6404341B1 (en) | 1999-04-06 | 2002-06-11 | 1175634 Ontario Limited | Security tag and method of making the same |
US6402028B1 (en) | 1999-04-06 | 2002-06-11 | Visa International Service Association | Integrated production of smart cards |
US20040083184A1 (en) | 1999-04-19 | 2004-04-29 | First Data Corporation | Anonymous card transactions |
US20020095298A1 (en) | 1999-04-19 | 2002-07-18 | Frogmagic, Inc. | Blind Gift Method and System |
US6685089B2 (en) | 1999-04-20 | 2004-02-03 | Gilbarco, Inc. | Remote banking during fueling |
JP3817965B2 (en) | 1999-04-21 | 2006-09-06 | 富士ゼロックス株式会社 | Detection device |
US6277232B1 (en) | 1999-04-22 | 2001-08-21 | Mbna America Bank, N.A. | Method of manufacturing a plastic card with a lenticular lens therein |
JP2000306056A (en) | 1999-04-22 | 2000-11-02 | Sankyo Seiki Mfg Co Ltd | Magnetic card reader |
US6674786B1 (en) | 1999-04-23 | 2004-01-06 | Sankyo Seiki Mfg. Co., Ltd. | Data demodulation |
US6116736A (en) | 1999-04-23 | 2000-09-12 | Neuroptics, Inc. | Pupilometer with pupil irregularity detection capability |
US6248199B1 (en) | 1999-04-26 | 2001-06-19 | Soundcraft, Inc. | Method for the continuous fabrication of access control and identification cards with embedded electronics or other elements |
US6353420B1 (en) | 1999-04-28 | 2002-03-05 | Amerasia International Technology, Inc. | Wireless article including a plural-turn loop antenna |
US6415978B1 (en) | 1999-05-03 | 2002-07-09 | Psc Scanning, Inc. | Multiple technology data reader for bar code labels and RFID tags |
US6259769B1 (en) | 1999-05-04 | 2001-07-10 | Cubic Corporation | Portable smart card communication device |
US6227447B1 (en) | 1999-05-10 | 2001-05-08 | First Usa Bank, Na | Cardless payment system |
US6353870B1 (en) | 1999-05-11 | 2002-03-05 | Socket Communications Inc. | Closed case removable expansion card having interconnect and adapter circuitry for both I/O and removable memory |
US6304223B1 (en) | 1999-05-12 | 2001-10-16 | Cubic Corporation | Contactless card automatic check-in check-out device |
US7246244B2 (en) | 1999-05-14 | 2007-07-17 | Fusionarc, Inc. A Delaware Corporation | Identity verification method using a central biometric authority |
FR2794264B1 (en) | 1999-05-27 | 2001-11-02 | Gemplus Card Int | ADAPTER FOR PORTABLE ELECTRONIC DEVICE WITH INTEGRATED CIRCUIT, OF THE CHIP CARD TYPE, OF A REDUCED FORMAT IN RELATION TO THE STANDARD FORMAT OF A MINI-CARD |
US7006993B1 (en) | 1999-05-28 | 2006-02-28 | The Coca-Cola Company | Method and apparatus for surrogate control of network-based electronic transactions |
US6223977B1 (en) | 1999-06-03 | 2001-05-01 | Westvaco Corporation | Easy open envelope |
US6200272B1 (en) | 1999-06-08 | 2001-03-13 | Curative Health Services, Inc. | Folding card device for evaluating protective sensation |
US6577229B1 (en) | 1999-06-10 | 2003-06-10 | Cubic Corporation | Multiple protocol smart card communication device |
US6994262B1 (en) | 1999-06-16 | 2006-02-07 | Vanguard Identification Systems, Inc. | Printed sheet products with integral, removable, radio frequency identification elements |
US6697947B1 (en) | 1999-06-17 | 2004-02-24 | International Business Machines Corporation | Biometric based multi-party authentication |
US6064981A (en) | 1999-06-17 | 2000-05-16 | Barni; Neil A. | Method for online display and negotiation of cargo rates |
JP2001005931A (en) | 1999-06-18 | 2001-01-12 | Tohken Co Ltd | Barcode seal having rfid function and method for giving rfid function to bar code label |
US6784789B2 (en) | 1999-07-08 | 2004-08-31 | Intermec Ip Corp. | Method and apparatus for verifying RFID tags |
US7005985B1 (en) | 1999-07-20 | 2006-02-28 | Axcess, Inc. | Radio frequency identification system and method |
US8648692B2 (en) | 1999-07-23 | 2014-02-11 | Seong Sang Investments Llc | Accessing an automobile with a transponder |
AUPQ702900A0 (en) | 2000-04-20 | 2000-05-18 | Grosvenor Leisure Incorporated | Secure biometric loop |
US6116423A (en) | 1999-07-23 | 2000-09-12 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Multi-functional shipping system for integrated circuit devices |
US6317755B1 (en) | 1999-07-26 | 2001-11-13 | Motorola, Inc. | Method and apparatus for data backup and restoration in a portable data device |
US6446862B1 (en) | 1999-12-31 | 2002-09-10 | W. Stephen G. Mann | Point of purchase (PoP) terminal |
JP4315530B2 (en) | 1999-07-29 | 2009-08-19 | 富士通株式会社 | Detection circuit for contactless IC card device |
US6457000B1 (en) | 1999-07-29 | 2002-09-24 | Oracle Corp. | Method and apparatus for accessing previous rows of data in a table |
US6386444B1 (en) | 1999-07-30 | 2002-05-14 | First Usa Bank, N.A. | System and methods for card payment instrument with rebate applied to an insurance premium |
CN1148044C (en) | 1999-08-06 | 2004-04-28 | 英业达集团(上海)电子技术有限公司 | Device and method for connecting external keyboard to mobile telephone |
US6224109B1 (en) | 1999-08-07 | 2001-05-01 | James Yung Chien Yang | Credit card with driver's license or identification |
US6886742B2 (en) | 1999-08-09 | 2005-05-03 | First Data Corporation | Systems and methods for deploying a point-of sale device |
US6120461A (en) | 1999-08-09 | 2000-09-19 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Apparatus for tracking the human eye with a retinal scanning display, and method thereof |
WO2001013338A1 (en) | 1999-08-11 | 2001-02-22 | Mark Iv Industries Limited | Method and means for rf toll collection |
US7308426B1 (en) | 1999-08-11 | 2007-12-11 | C-Sam, Inc. | System and methods for servicing electronic transactions |
DE29914038U1 (en) | 1999-08-11 | 1999-11-18 | Ahrens Hans Joachim | Magnetic card |
US6873974B1 (en) | 1999-08-17 | 2005-03-29 | Citibank, N.A. | System and method for use of distributed electronic wallets |
US6575361B1 (en) | 1999-08-19 | 2003-06-10 | E-2 Interactive, Inc. | System and method for managing stored-value card data |
US6501832B1 (en) | 1999-08-24 | 2002-12-31 | Microstrategy, Inc. | Voice code registration system and method for registering voice codes for voice pages in a voice network access provider system |
WO2001015098A1 (en) | 1999-08-26 | 2001-03-01 | Gamut Interactive | Smart card database |
US7505941B2 (en) | 1999-08-31 | 2009-03-17 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for conducting electronic transactions using biometrics |
USD442627S1 (en) | 1999-09-01 | 2001-05-22 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | Transparent card with an opacity gradient ornamental rectangle, machine readable stripe and IC chip |
USD442629S1 (en) | 1999-09-01 | 2001-05-22 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | Card with an ornamental rectangle |
AU7346800A (en) | 1999-09-02 | 2001-03-26 | Automated Business Companies | Communication and proximity authorization systems |
US6764014B2 (en) | 1999-09-07 | 2004-07-20 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | Transaction card |
US7093767B2 (en) | 1999-09-07 | 2006-08-22 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | System and method for manufacturing a punch-out RFID transaction device |
US7889052B2 (en) | 2001-07-10 | 2011-02-15 | Xatra Fund Mx, Llc | Authorizing payment subsequent to RF transactions |
US7070112B2 (en) | 1999-09-07 | 2006-07-04 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | Transparent transaction device |
TR200201399T2 (en) | 1999-09-07 | 2002-11-21 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | Electronic transaction card. |
US7306158B2 (en) | 2001-07-10 | 2007-12-11 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | Clear contactless card |
US6581839B1 (en) | 1999-09-07 | 2003-06-24 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | Transaction card |
US7239226B2 (en) | 2001-07-10 | 2007-07-03 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | System and method for payment using radio frequency identification in contact and contactless transactions |
US7213764B2 (en) | 2002-11-07 | 2007-05-08 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | Foldable transaction card |
US6749123B2 (en) | 1999-09-07 | 2004-06-15 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | Transaction card |
US6608551B1 (en) | 1999-09-13 | 2003-08-19 | Intermec Ip Corp | Low-cost radio replacement utilizing RFID technology |
US6925565B2 (en) | 2001-05-25 | 2005-08-02 | Pen-One, Inc | Pen-based transponder identity verification system |
US6970583B2 (en) | 2000-05-25 | 2005-11-29 | Black Gerald R | Identity authentication device |
US7047419B2 (en) | 1999-09-17 | 2006-05-16 | Pen-One Inc. | Data security system |
US7391865B2 (en) | 1999-09-20 | 2008-06-24 | Security First Corporation | Secure data parser method and system |
US6286763B1 (en) | 1999-09-21 | 2001-09-11 | Intermac Ip Corp. | Method and apparatus to automatically search data carriers, such as RFID tags and machine-readable symbols |
US6318636B1 (en) | 1999-09-21 | 2001-11-20 | Intermec Ip Corp. | Method and apparatus to read different types of data carriers, such RFID tags and machine-readable symbols, and a user interface for the same |
JP2001160105A (en) | 1999-09-22 | 2001-06-12 | Sony Corp | Information processing system, portable telephone set, and information processing method |
JP2001092786A (en) | 1999-09-24 | 2001-04-06 | Mizobe Tatsuji | Portable personal identification device and electronic system to which access is permitted by the same device |
US7340439B2 (en) | 1999-09-28 | 2008-03-04 | Chameleon Network Inc. | Portable electronic authorization system and method |
US7080037B2 (en) | 1999-09-28 | 2006-07-18 | Chameleon Network Inc. | Portable electronic authorization system and method |
US6296188B1 (en) | 1999-10-01 | 2001-10-02 | Perfect Plastic Printing Corporation | Transparent/translucent financial transaction card including an infrared light filter |
US6290137B1 (en) | 1999-10-01 | 2001-09-18 | Perfect Plastic Printing Corporation | Transparent/translucent financial transaction card including an infrared light filter |
US20020095389A1 (en) | 1999-10-05 | 2002-07-18 | Gaines Robert Vallee | Method, apparatus and system for identity authentication |
GB9923804D0 (en) | 1999-10-08 | 1999-12-08 | Hewlett Packard Co | Electronic commerce system |
US6681328B1 (en) | 1999-10-08 | 2004-01-20 | Mastercard International Incorporated | System and method for global internet digital identification |
US6394343B1 (en) | 1999-10-14 | 2002-05-28 | Jon N. Berg | System for card to card transfer of monetary values |
ATE244430T1 (en) | 1999-10-15 | 2003-07-15 | Ajit K Zacharias | SECURE CARD SYSTEM FOR MULTIPLE USE |
US6704039B2 (en) | 1999-10-16 | 2004-03-09 | Martin Rangel Pena | Method and system for computer-aided telecommunication and financial transactions |
DE19950524A1 (en) | 1999-10-20 | 2001-04-26 | Philips Corp Intellectual Pty | Smart card |
US6853987B1 (en) | 1999-10-27 | 2005-02-08 | Zixit Corporation | Centralized authorization and fraud-prevention system for network-based transactions |
US6332134B1 (en) | 1999-11-01 | 2001-12-18 | Chuck Foster | Financial transaction system |
JP2001134536A (en) | 1999-11-05 | 2001-05-18 | Soriton Syst:Kk | Individual authentication and identification system |
US6491639B1 (en) | 1999-11-10 | 2002-12-10 | Pacesetter, Inc. | Extravascular hemodynamic sensor |
US6325285B1 (en) | 1999-11-12 | 2001-12-04 | At&T Corp. | Smart card with integrated fingerprint reader |
IT1311360B1 (en) | 1999-11-15 | 2002-03-12 | Smartel S P A | INTELLIGENT MULTIFUNCTIONAL PAPER. |
US6315206B1 (en) | 1999-11-24 | 2001-11-13 | Barry Fiala, Inc. | Wallet card package |
FR2801707B1 (en) | 1999-11-29 | 2002-02-15 | A S K | METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING A CONTACT-FREE CONTACT HYBRID CHIP CARD WITH AN ANTENNA SUPPORT OF FIBROUS MATERIAL |
FR2801709B1 (en) | 1999-11-29 | 2002-02-15 | A S K | CONTACTLESS OR CONTACT-FREE HYBRID CHIP CARD TO REDUCE THE RISK OF FRAUD |
AU4137601A (en) | 1999-11-30 | 2001-06-12 | Barry Johnson | Methods, systems, and apparatuses for secure interactions |
US6529880B1 (en) | 1999-12-01 | 2003-03-04 | Intermec Ip Corp. | Automatic payment system for a plurality of remote merchants |
US6184788B1 (en) | 1999-12-03 | 2001-02-06 | Raymond Bradley Middlemiss | Electronic missing card alert case |
JP2001167054A (en) | 1999-12-09 | 2001-06-22 | Casio Comput Co Ltd | Portable information equipment, device and system for authentication |
JP2001167242A (en) | 1999-12-10 | 2001-06-22 | Sony Corp | Embossable ic card, producing method therefor and information read confirming system for the same |
WO2001042965A1 (en) | 1999-12-10 | 2001-06-14 | Auripay, Inc. | Method and apparatus for improved financial instrument processing |
EP1237091A4 (en) | 1999-12-10 | 2006-08-23 | Fujitsu Ltd | Personal authentication system and portable electronic device having personal authentication function using body information |
AU2261501A (en) | 1999-12-16 | 2001-06-25 | Debit.Net, Inc. | Secure networked transaction system |
US6427910B1 (en) | 1999-12-17 | 2002-08-06 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method for managing and updating overloaded cards |
FR2802689B1 (en) | 1999-12-20 | 2004-08-27 | Ordicam Rech Et Dev | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR TIME CONTROL OF THE MOVEMENT OR POSITION OF PEOPLE, ANIMALS OR OBJECTS |
US6264106B1 (en) | 1999-12-27 | 2001-07-24 | Symbol Technologies, Inc. | Combination bar code scanner/RFID circuit |
US6961448B2 (en) | 1999-12-30 | 2005-11-01 | Medtronic, Inc. | User authentication in medical device systems |
DE10055602A1 (en) | 1999-12-30 | 2001-07-12 | Ibm | Exit control system for supermarket or department store, produces receipt based on contactlessly received information and updates payment status |
US6920560B2 (en) | 1999-12-30 | 2005-07-19 | Clyde Riley Wallace, Jr. | Secure network user states |
EP1113387A3 (en) | 1999-12-31 | 2001-11-21 | SCHLUMBERGER Systèmes | Smart card having a non-volatile memory with a novel mapping |
GB2375873B (en) | 2000-01-05 | 2003-12-03 | Colin Mitchell | Method and apparatus for authenticating financial transactions |
FR2803675B1 (en) | 2000-01-11 | 2002-03-29 | Sagem | CHIP CARD WITH FINGERPRINT SENSOR |
US6535726B1 (en) | 2000-01-12 | 2003-03-18 | Gilbarco Inc. | Cellular telephone-based transaction processing |
DE10001929A1 (en) | 2000-01-19 | 2001-08-09 | Skidata Ag | Authorization control facility |
US7172112B2 (en) | 2000-01-21 | 2007-02-06 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | Public/private dual card system and method |
US7588180B1 (en) | 2000-01-28 | 2009-09-15 | International Apparel Group, Llc | Multi-application smart card with currency exchange, location tracking, and personal identification capabilities |
US6171138B1 (en) | 2000-01-28 | 2001-01-09 | Motorola, Inc. | Electrical connector for removable components |
US6950540B2 (en) | 2000-01-31 | 2005-09-27 | Nec Corporation | Fingerprint apparatus and method |
EP1124206A1 (en) | 2000-02-08 | 2001-08-16 | Infineon Technologies AG | Method and assembly for the mutual authentication of two data processor units |
US6588673B1 (en) | 2000-02-08 | 2003-07-08 | Mist Inc. | Method and system providing in-line pre-production data preparation and personalization solutions for smart cards |
US6227424B1 (en) | 2000-02-09 | 2001-05-08 | Roegner Deanna | Security purse |
US6587835B1 (en) | 2000-02-09 | 2003-07-01 | G. Victor Treyz | Shopping assistance with handheld computing device |
US8706627B2 (en) | 2000-02-10 | 2014-04-22 | Jon Shore | Apparatus, systems and methods for wirelessly transacting financial transfers , electronically recordable authorization transfers, and other information transfers |
US7003501B2 (en) | 2000-02-11 | 2006-02-21 | Maurice Ostroff | Method for preventing fraudulent use of credit cards and credit card information, and for preventing unauthorized access to restricted physical and virtual sites |
US7921180B2 (en) | 2000-02-18 | 2011-04-05 | Intermec Ip Corp. | Method and apparatus for accessing product information using RF tag data |
USD447515S1 (en) | 2000-02-24 | 2001-09-04 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | Card with an ornamental rectangle |
JP2001236324A (en) | 2000-02-24 | 2001-08-31 | Fujitsu Ltd | Portable electronic device with individual authenticating function by biometric information |
US20020046341A1 (en) | 2000-02-28 | 2002-04-18 | Alex Kazaks | System, and method for prepaid anonymous and pseudonymous credit card type transactions |
US6834270B1 (en) | 2000-02-28 | 2004-12-21 | Carlo Pagani | Secured financial transaction system using single use codes |
US6725391B2 (en) | 2000-03-02 | 2004-04-20 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Clock modes for a debug port with on the fly clock switching |
WO2001067355A2 (en) | 2000-03-07 | 2001-09-13 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | System for facilitating a transaction |
US6328341B2 (en) | 2000-03-07 | 2001-12-11 | Western Graphics And Data, Inc. | Multiple-component data package |
KR100366060B1 (en) | 2000-03-16 | 2002-12-28 | 주식회사 하렉스인포텍 | Optical payment transceiver and system using the same |
AU2001249287A1 (en) | 2000-03-21 | 2001-10-03 | Charles M. Leedom Jr. | A tiered wireless, multi-modal access system and method |
US20040006497A1 (en) | 2001-03-22 | 2004-01-08 | Nestor Tod A. | Entertainment event ticket purchase and exchange system |
US20010049628A1 (en) | 2000-03-23 | 2001-12-06 | Robert Icho | On-line system for aggregation of purchase bonuses |
US20030001459A1 (en) | 2000-03-23 | 2003-01-02 | Cross Match Technologies, Inc. | Secure wireless sales transaction using print information to verify a purchaser's identity |
SE0001056L (en) | 2000-03-24 | 2001-09-25 | Wolf Fernlund | Arrangement and procedure for verifying a person's identity |
WO2001072107A2 (en) | 2000-03-24 | 2001-10-04 | International Paper | Rfid tag for authentication and identification |
US6591249B2 (en) | 2000-03-26 | 2003-07-08 | Ron Zoka | Touch scan internet credit card verification purchase process |
US7725385B2 (en) | 2000-03-29 | 2010-05-25 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | System and method for facilitating the handling of a dispute using disparate architectures |
JP2001283122A (en) | 2000-03-31 | 2001-10-12 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | Transaction system using smart card, and smart card used for the system |
WO2001077856A1 (en) | 2000-04-06 | 2001-10-18 | Brightstreet.Com, Inc. | Loyalty and rewards program over distributed network |
US6309098B1 (en) | 2000-04-07 | 2001-10-30 | Ye Ping Wong | Contactless-IC-card receive and read-write mechanism for an on-street parking meter |
US20050127164A1 (en) | 2002-03-19 | 2005-06-16 | John Wankmueller | Method and system for conducting a transaction using a proximity device and an identifier |
WO2001078024A2 (en) | 2000-04-11 | 2001-10-18 | Mastercard International Incorporated | An improved method and system for conducting secure payments over a computer network |
US7379919B2 (en) | 2000-04-11 | 2008-05-27 | Mastercard International Incorporated | Method and system for conducting secure payments over a computer network |
US7177848B2 (en) | 2000-04-11 | 2007-02-13 | Mastercard International Incorporated | Method and system for conducting secure payments over a computer network without a pseudo or proxy account number |
US20050171905A1 (en) | 2002-03-19 | 2005-08-04 | John Wankmueller | Method and system for conducting a transaction using a proximity device |
NO312530B1 (en) | 2000-04-13 | 2002-05-21 | Bertil Hogganvik | short Magazine |
US6975725B1 (en) | 2000-04-14 | 2005-12-13 | Sony Corporation | Method for standardizing the use of ISO 7816 smart cards in conditional access systems |
ZA200103067B (en) | 2000-04-14 | 2002-01-02 | Biocentric Solutions Inc | Optical and smart card identification reader. |
WO2001086599A2 (en) | 2000-04-14 | 2001-11-15 | Supercom Ltd. | Smart communications |
CA2305249A1 (en) | 2000-04-14 | 2001-10-14 | Branko Sarcanin | Virtual safe |
US6895310B1 (en) | 2000-04-24 | 2005-05-17 | Usa Technologies, Inc. | Vehicle related wireless scientific instrumentation telematics |
US6853894B1 (en) | 2000-04-24 | 2005-02-08 | Usa Technologies, Inc. | Global network based vehicle safety and security telematics |
AU2001257280C1 (en) | 2000-04-24 | 2009-01-15 | Visa International Service Association | Online payer authentication service |
JP2001312326A (en) | 2000-04-28 | 2001-11-09 | Fujitsu Ltd | Portable electronic device and battery pack for portable electronic device |
GB0010422D0 (en) | 2000-04-28 | 2000-06-14 | Cast Technologies Limited | Payment apparatus and method |
US20020011519A1 (en) | 2000-05-04 | 2002-01-31 | Shults John R. | System and method for consumer identification using optical and electronic means |
BR0110648A (en) | 2000-05-08 | 2003-04-01 | Checkpoint Systems Inc | Radio Frequency Detection and Identification System |
WO2001086535A1 (en) | 2000-05-09 | 2001-11-15 | Cadmus Limited | Method and apparatus for providing an integrated loyalty system |
US20030046237A1 (en) | 2000-05-09 | 2003-03-06 | James Uberti | Method and system for enabling the issuance of biometrically secured online credit or other online payment transactions without tokens |
JP4453162B2 (en) | 2000-05-09 | 2010-04-21 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | Transparent magnetic card and manufacturing method thereof |
US6915277B1 (en) | 2000-05-10 | 2005-07-05 | General Electric Capital Corporation | Method for dual credit card system |
US6686847B1 (en) | 2000-05-12 | 2004-02-03 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Indicator with daylight visibility using a single light emitting diode |
TW589855B (en) | 2000-05-15 | 2004-06-01 | Ntt Docomo Inc | Authentication system and method |
FR2809894B1 (en) | 2000-05-31 | 2002-10-25 | France Telecom | CRYPTOGRAPHY METHOD, MICROCIRCUIT FOR CHIP CARD AND CHIP CARDS INCLUDING SUCH MICROCIRCUIT |
US6745008B1 (en) | 2000-06-06 | 2004-06-01 | Battelle Memorial Institute K1-53 | Multi-frequency communication system and method |
US7005968B1 (en) | 2000-06-07 | 2006-02-28 | Symbol Technologies, Inc. | Wireless locating and tracking systems |
US6483929B1 (en) | 2000-06-08 | 2002-11-19 | Tarian Llc | Method and apparatus for histological and physiological biometric operation and authentication |
US6505772B1 (en) | 2000-06-22 | 2003-01-14 | First Data Corporation | System for utilizing a single card to provide multiple services in an open network environment |
US6609655B1 (en) | 2000-06-26 | 2003-08-26 | Martha F. Harrell | Smart card system for providing financial, travel, and entertainment-related services |
AU775854B2 (en) | 2000-07-04 | 2004-08-19 | Credipass Co., Ltd. | Passive transponder identification system and credit-card type transponder |
USD462965S1 (en) | 2001-05-11 | 2002-09-17 | Bank Of America Corporation | Data card |
USD461477S1 (en) | 2001-05-11 | 2002-08-13 | Bank Of America Corporation | Data card |
USD453516S1 (en) | 2001-05-11 | 2002-02-12 | Bank Of America Corporation | Data card |
USD453337S1 (en) | 2001-05-11 | 2002-02-05 | Bank Of America Corporation | Data card |
USD454910S1 (en) | 2000-07-06 | 2002-03-26 | Mci Worldcom, Inc. | Card with keytag |
USD453338S1 (en) | 2001-05-11 | 2002-02-05 | Bank Of America Corporation | Data card |
USD460455S1 (en) | 2001-05-11 | 2002-07-16 | Bank Of America Corporation | Data card |
USD462966S1 (en) | 2001-05-22 | 2002-09-17 | Bank Of America Corporation | Data card |
US6471127B2 (en) | 2000-07-06 | 2002-10-29 | Bank Of America Corporation | Data card |
USD453161S1 (en) | 2001-05-11 | 2002-01-29 | Bank Of America Corporation | Data card |
US20030222153A1 (en) | 2000-07-06 | 2003-12-04 | Jamily Pentz | Data card |
USD453160S1 (en) | 2001-05-11 | 2002-01-29 | Bank Of America Corporation | Data card |
GB2364580A (en) | 2000-07-07 | 2002-01-30 | Ibm | Error detection mechanisms in spreadsheet packages |
WO2002005204A1 (en) | 2000-07-07 | 2002-01-17 | Schlumberger Systèmes | Transparent data card |
JP4501241B2 (en) | 2000-07-10 | 2010-07-14 | ソニー株式会社 | IC card and IC card data communication method |
US20020043566A1 (en) | 2000-07-14 | 2002-04-18 | Alan Goodman | Transaction card and method for reducing frauds |
JP2002032687A (en) | 2000-07-17 | 2002-01-31 | Gakken Co Ltd | Fixed amount electronic credit card system |
US7131574B1 (en) | 2000-07-19 | 2006-11-07 | Lasercard Corporation | Optical memory card based e-commerce business method |
US20030025600A1 (en) | 2000-07-21 | 2003-02-06 | Dresser, Inc | Wireless communication in a retail refueling environment |
US7049962B2 (en) | 2000-07-28 | 2006-05-23 | Micoh Corporation | Materials and construction for a tamper indicating radio frequency identification label |
WO2002011019A1 (en) | 2000-08-01 | 2002-02-07 | First Usa Bank, N.A. | System and method for transponder-enabled account transactions |
KR100384948B1 (en) | 2000-08-03 | 2003-05-22 | 구홍식 | Fingerprints recognition electronic card key, door opening-shutting device, management system for electronic card key, and method for controlling access to door using the sames |
US6978369B2 (en) | 2000-08-04 | 2005-12-20 | First Data Corporation | Person-centric account-based digital signature system |
US20020052843A1 (en) | 2000-08-04 | 2002-05-02 | Canon Eduardo Gomez | Smart card for and method of executing transactions |
US6460696B1 (en) | 2000-08-17 | 2002-10-08 | Richard J. Meyer | Credit card holder with cards forming enclosing surfaces |
US20020026419A1 (en) | 2000-08-24 | 2002-02-28 | Sony Electronics, Inc. | Apparatus and method for populating a portable smart device |
US6466804B1 (en) | 2000-08-25 | 2002-10-15 | Motorola, Inc. | Method and apparatus for remote multiple access to subscriber identity module |
US20030191949A1 (en) | 2000-08-30 | 2003-10-09 | Akihiro Odagawa | Authentication system, authentication request device, validating device and service medium |
US7103575B1 (en) | 2000-08-31 | 2006-09-05 | International Business Machines Corporation | Enabling use of smart cards by consumer devices for internet commerce |
US20020028704A1 (en) | 2000-09-05 | 2002-03-07 | Bloomfield Mark E. | Information gathering and personalization techniques |
US20020128977A1 (en) | 2000-09-12 | 2002-09-12 | Anant Nambiar | Microchip-enabled online transaction system |
WO2002023320A1 (en) | 2000-09-12 | 2002-03-21 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Card reading device for service access |
US6990480B1 (en) | 2000-09-18 | 2006-01-24 | Trancept Limited | Information manager method and system |
US6853087B2 (en) | 2000-09-19 | 2005-02-08 | Nanopierce Technologies, Inc. | Component and antennae assembly in radio frequency identification devices |
EP1192914A1 (en) | 2000-09-27 | 2002-04-03 | Clearpac Limited | Container for sharp instruments |
US7774231B2 (en) | 2000-09-29 | 2010-08-10 | Nokia Corporation | Electronic payment methods for a mobile device |
US6588660B1 (en) | 2000-09-29 | 2003-07-08 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Passive contactless smartcard security system |
US20020074398A1 (en) | 2000-09-29 | 2002-06-20 | Lancos Kenneth J. | System and method for making monetary transactions within a coverage area |
WO2002029741A2 (en) | 2000-10-03 | 2002-04-11 | Zingher Joseph P | Biometric system and method for detecting duress transactions |
JP3524483B2 (en) | 2000-10-03 | 2004-05-10 | 東日本旅客鉄道株式会社 | Method and system for charging stored fair |
AU2002211424A1 (en) | 2000-10-04 | 2002-04-15 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | System and method for providing feedback in an interactive payment system |
US7292996B2 (en) | 2000-10-06 | 2007-11-06 | Openwave Systems Inc. | Method and apparatus for performing a credit based transaction between a user of a wireless communications device and a provider of a product or service |
US6824066B2 (en) | 2000-10-06 | 2004-11-30 | Leon H. Weyant | Electronic access security key card pamphlet |
CA2322602A1 (en) | 2000-10-06 | 2002-04-06 | Ibm Canada Limited-Ibm Canada Limitee | System and method for generating a contract and conducting contractual activities under the contract |
US6814375B2 (en) | 2000-10-10 | 2004-11-09 | Relizon Canada | Integrated plasticized card in a paper carrier and method of manufacture |
US8924267B1 (en) | 2000-10-10 | 2014-12-30 | Gilbarco Inc. | Remote payment account relational system and method for retail devices |
US6883715B1 (en) | 2000-10-11 | 2005-04-26 | Stmicroelectronics, Inc. | Multi-mode smart card, system and associated methods |
US6819219B1 (en) | 2000-10-13 | 2004-11-16 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method for biometric-based authentication in wireless communication for access control |
JP2002133335A (en) | 2000-10-20 | 2002-05-10 | Omron Corp | Electronic settlement system and electronic settlement method |
US20020183882A1 (en) | 2000-10-20 | 2002-12-05 | Michael Dearing | RF point of sale and delivery method and system using communication with remote computer and having features to read a large number of RF tags |
JP3423283B2 (en) | 2000-10-26 | 2003-07-07 | 日本電信電話株式会社 | Prepaid payment method, its device, and its program recording medium |
JP2002140769A (en) | 2000-11-02 | 2002-05-17 | Yozan Inc | Method for collecting charge |
US8103881B2 (en) | 2000-11-06 | 2012-01-24 | Innovation Connection Corporation | System, method and apparatus for electronic ticketing |
US8015592B2 (en) | 2002-03-28 | 2011-09-06 | Innovation Connection Corporation | System, method and apparatus for enabling transactions using a biometrically enabled programmable magnetic stripe |
KR20010025234A (en) | 2000-11-09 | 2001-04-06 | 김진삼 | A certification method of credit of a financing card based on fingerprint and a certification system thereof |
US20020097142A1 (en) | 2000-11-13 | 2002-07-25 | Janiak Martin J. | Biometric authentication device for use with token fingerprint data storage |
US6339384B1 (en) | 2000-11-13 | 2002-01-15 | Robert Valdes-Rodriguez | Toll booth credit device |
JP2002157530A (en) | 2000-11-17 | 2002-05-31 | Nec Fielding Ltd | Settlement method and system utilizing prepaid card for electronic commerce |
WO2002046857A2 (en) | 2000-11-17 | 2002-06-13 | Trimble Bradley G | Object locating system employing rf signaling |
US7318049B2 (en) | 2000-11-17 | 2008-01-08 | Gregory Fx Iannacci | System and method for an automated benefit recognition, acquisition, value exchange, and transaction settlement system using multivariable linear and nonlinear modeling |
US6944402B1 (en) | 2000-11-18 | 2005-09-13 | Tribeam Technologies, Inc. | Extended range infrared communication (ERIC) for an infrared associated (IrDA) compliant portable device |
CA2428404C (en) | 2000-11-20 | 2012-02-07 | Ian Barry Crabtree | Information provider |
US6877665B2 (en) | 2000-11-20 | 2005-04-12 | Ecrio, Inc. | System, method, and apparatus for communicating information encoded in a light-based signal using a fob device |
JP2002163585A (en) | 2000-11-29 | 2002-06-07 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Electronic settlement system and device |
US7253717B2 (en) | 2000-11-29 | 2007-08-07 | Mobile Technics Llc | Method and system for communicating with and tracking RFID transponders |
US20020065716A1 (en) | 2000-11-30 | 2002-05-30 | Kuschill James E. | Methods and system for processing loyalty transactions |
US6763500B2 (en) | 2000-12-01 | 2004-07-13 | Microsoft Corporation | Real-time-on-demand dynamic document generation |
US6820804B2 (en) | 2000-12-05 | 2004-11-23 | Interlink Electronics, Inc. | Method and system for performing a purchase transaction using a remote control and a television |
US6631849B2 (en) | 2000-12-06 | 2003-10-14 | Bank One, Delaware, National Association | Selectable multi-purpose card |
USD457556S1 (en) | 2000-12-08 | 2002-05-21 | Discover Financial Services, Inc. | Credit card |
US7290364B2 (en) | 2000-12-08 | 2007-11-06 | Discover Financial Services Llc | Non-rectangular shaped credit card with case |
US6950939B2 (en) | 2000-12-08 | 2005-09-27 | Sony Corporation | Personal transaction device with secure storage on a removable memory device |
US20020073025A1 (en) | 2000-12-08 | 2002-06-13 | Tanner Robert G. | Virtual experience of a mobile device |
US6377034B1 (en) | 2000-12-11 | 2002-04-23 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Method and circuits for inductor current measurement in MOS switching regulators |
US6523292B2 (en) | 2000-12-14 | 2003-02-25 | Brenda L. Slavik | Clip card |
US20020077895A1 (en) | 2000-12-18 | 2002-06-20 | Steve Howell | Electronic consumer incentive distribution system |
JP4579405B2 (en) | 2000-12-19 | 2010-11-10 | 株式会社ジェーシービー | Payment system using mobile phone terminals |
US6563474B2 (en) | 2000-12-21 | 2003-05-13 | Lear Corporation | Remote access device having multiple inductive coil antenna |
AU2002237736A1 (en) | 2000-12-21 | 2002-07-01 | Oscar M. Bassinson | Personal medication dispensing card |
US20040190688A1 (en) | 2003-03-31 | 2004-09-30 | Timmins Timothy A. | Communications methods and systems using voiceprints |
US20020079367A1 (en) | 2000-12-27 | 2002-06-27 | Montani John J. | Method and apparatus for operating a self-service checkout terminal to access a customer account |
US6867683B2 (en) | 2000-12-28 | 2005-03-15 | Unisys Corporation | High security identification system for entry to multiple zones |
US20020091601A1 (en) * | 2001-01-05 | 2002-07-11 | Fellingham Paul James | Revolving credit method of charging for telecommunication services |
US6629591B1 (en) | 2001-01-12 | 2003-10-07 | Igt | Smart token |
US20020095588A1 (en) | 2001-01-12 | 2002-07-18 | Satoshi Shigematsu | Authentication token and authentication system |
US20020095343A1 (en) | 2001-01-12 | 2002-07-18 | Barton Steven P. | Apparatus and method for providing point of purchase products |
CN1249464C (en) | 2001-01-15 | 2006-04-05 | 3M创新有限公司 | Multilayer infrared reflecting film with high and smooth transmission in visible wavelength region and laminate articles made therefrom |
US6871062B2 (en) | 2001-01-16 | 2005-03-22 | Idt Corporation | “Calling party pays” cellular and prepaid platforms for cellular calling systems |
US20020095587A1 (en) | 2001-01-17 | 2002-07-18 | International Business Machines Corporation | Smart card with integrated biometric sensor |
US6968453B2 (en) | 2001-01-17 | 2005-11-22 | International Business Machines Corporation | Secure integrated device with secure, dynamically-selectable capabilities |
US6466126B2 (en) | 2001-01-19 | 2002-10-15 | Motorola, Inc. | Portable data device efficiently utilizing its available power and method thereof |
US20020107742A1 (en) | 2001-02-02 | 2002-08-08 | Magill J. Breck | System for and method of transacting non-fuel purchases using an island transaction terminal |
US6429776B1 (en) | 2001-02-07 | 2002-08-06 | Sensormatic Electronics Corporation | RFID reader with integrated display for use in a product tag system |
JP3859450B2 (en) | 2001-02-07 | 2006-12-20 | 富士通株式会社 | Secret information management system and information terminal |
US20020141621A1 (en) | 2001-02-09 | 2002-10-03 | Lane William F. | Self-authenticating identification substrate with encoded packet output |
US20020112177A1 (en) | 2001-02-12 | 2002-08-15 | Voltmer William H. | Anonymous biometric authentication |
CA2438197A1 (en) | 2001-02-12 | 2002-08-22 | Stockback Holdings, Inc. | Customer loyalty programs and systems and methods for such programs |
WO2002065380A2 (en) | 2001-02-12 | 2002-08-22 | Matrics, Inc. | Radio frequency identification architecture |
GB0103452D0 (en) | 2001-02-13 | 2001-03-28 | Williams Stuart | Identification system |
US20020111210A1 (en) | 2001-02-15 | 2002-08-15 | Luciano Robert Anthony | Anonymous player identifiers in a gaming environment |
US20020109580A1 (en) | 2001-02-15 | 2002-08-15 | Shreve Gregory A. | Wireless universal personal access system |
DE10107373A1 (en) | 2001-02-16 | 2002-08-29 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Security module with volatile memory for storing an algorithm code |
US7000834B2 (en) | 2001-02-21 | 2006-02-21 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method to address security and privacy issue of the use of RFID systems to track consumer products |
SE0100598L (en) | 2001-02-22 | 2002-08-23 | Flink Administration Ab | Facility for the execution of payment orders |
US20020138438A1 (en) | 2001-02-23 | 2002-09-26 | Biometric Security Card, Inc. | Biometric identification system using biometric images and copy protect code stored on a magnetic stripe and associated methods |
US6959874B2 (en) | 2001-02-23 | 2005-11-01 | Bardwell William E | Biometric identification system using biometric images and personal identification number stored on a magnetic stripe and associated methods |
US20020196963A1 (en) | 2001-02-23 | 2002-12-26 | Biometric Security Card, Inc. | Biometric identification system using a magnetic stripe and associated methods |
US7227950B2 (en) | 2001-02-27 | 2007-06-05 | Visa International Service Association | Distributed quantum encrypted pattern generation and scoring |
GB2372865B (en) | 2001-03-02 | 2004-06-16 | Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd | Electronic transactions |
US6480100B1 (en) | 2001-03-09 | 2002-11-12 | Sat Corporation | Radio frequency identification tag formatting method |
US7188362B2 (en) | 2001-03-09 | 2007-03-06 | Pascal Brandys | System and method of user and data verification |
US6915279B2 (en) | 2001-03-09 | 2005-07-05 | Mastercard International Incorporated | System and method for conducting secure payment transactions |
CA2439272A1 (en) | 2001-03-13 | 2002-09-19 | Mitchell B. Grunes | Radio frequency identification reader with removable media |
US7424618B2 (en) | 2001-03-14 | 2008-09-09 | Paladin Electronic Services, Inc. | Biometric access control and time and attendance network including configurable system-on-chip (CSOC) processors with embedded programmable logic |
US7292999B2 (en) | 2001-03-15 | 2007-11-06 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | Online card present transaction |
JP2002274087A (en) | 2001-03-15 | 2002-09-25 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | Transparent card |
US20020131567A1 (en) | 2001-03-16 | 2002-09-19 | Maginas Stephen Paul | Device and method for repetitive communication of messages |
US6520542B2 (en) | 2001-03-19 | 2003-02-18 | Kenneth Thompson | Promotional two-piece in one postcard housing an integral coupon card |
US6623039B2 (en) | 2001-03-19 | 2003-09-23 | Kenneth Thompson | Multi-purpose card |
US7676426B2 (en) | 2001-03-20 | 2010-03-09 | Goldman Sachs & Co. | Biometric risk management |
US6877097B2 (en) | 2001-03-21 | 2005-04-05 | Activcard, Inc. | Security access method and apparatus |
US9219708B2 (en) | 2001-03-22 | 2015-12-22 | DialwareInc. | Method and system for remotely authenticating identification devices |
US6760581B2 (en) | 2001-03-26 | 2004-07-06 | International Business Machines Corporation | System and method for improved mobile phone functionality |
US6491217B2 (en) | 2001-03-31 | 2002-12-10 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Machine readable label reader system with versatile response selection |
US6850147B2 (en) | 2001-04-02 | 2005-02-01 | Mikos, Ltd. | Personal biometric key |
US20020147600A1 (en) | 2001-04-05 | 2002-10-10 | Ncr Corporation | System and method for implementing financial transactions using biometric keyed data |
US20020145037A1 (en) | 2001-04-09 | 2002-10-10 | Goodwin John C. | Item processing device with barcode reader and integrated RFID interrogator |
US20020147913A1 (en) | 2001-04-09 | 2002-10-10 | Lun Yip William Wai | Tamper-proof mobile commerce system |
US6914517B2 (en) | 2001-04-17 | 2005-07-05 | Dalton Patrick Enterprises, Inc. | Fingerprint sensor with feature authentication |
US20040177045A1 (en) | 2001-04-17 | 2004-09-09 | Brown Kerry Dennis | Three-legacy mode payment card with parametric authentication and data input elements |
WO2002086665A2 (en) | 2001-04-18 | 2002-10-31 | United States Postal Service | Apparatus and methods for a united states postal service smart card system |
US20020153424A1 (en) | 2001-04-19 | 2002-10-24 | Chuan Li | Method and apparatus of secure credit card transaction |
US20020153410A1 (en) | 2001-04-19 | 2002-10-24 | Wayne Santini | Prepaid cellular phone easy activation model |
US6671358B1 (en) | 2001-04-25 | 2003-12-30 | Universal Identity Technologies, Inc. | Method and system for rewarding use of a universal identifier, and/or conducting a financial transaction |
US6816058B2 (en) | 2001-04-26 | 2004-11-09 | Mcgregor Christopher M | Bio-metric smart card, bio-metric smart card reader and method of use |
AU2002303604A1 (en) | 2001-05-04 | 2002-11-18 | Outsite Networks, Inc. | Systems and methods for the identification and displaying of information |
US20020163421A1 (en) | 2001-05-07 | 2002-11-07 | Po-Tong Wang | Personal fingerprint authentication method of bank card and credit card |
DE60109585D1 (en) | 2001-05-08 | 2005-04-28 | Ericsson Telefon Ab L M | Secure access to a remote subscriber module |
US20020169673A1 (en) | 2001-05-11 | 2002-11-14 | International Business Machines Corporation | Point of sale enhanced manager/operator override system |
US20020178124A1 (en) | 2001-05-22 | 2002-11-28 | Lewis Shawn Michael | Credit card verification system |
US7003497B2 (en) | 2001-05-23 | 2006-02-21 | International Business Machines Corporation | System and method for confirming electronic transactions |
US20020178063A1 (en) | 2001-05-25 | 2002-11-28 | Kelly Gravelle | Community concept for payment using RF ID transponders |
US20020176522A1 (en) | 2001-05-25 | 2002-11-28 | Koninklijke Phillips Electronics N.V. | Quadrature envelope-sampling of intermediate frequency signal in receiver |
US7542942B2 (en) | 2001-07-10 | 2009-06-02 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | System and method for securing sensitive information during completion of a transaction |
US7401049B2 (en) | 2001-05-29 | 2008-07-15 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | System and method for a prepaid card issued by a foreign financial institution |
US20020194303A1 (en) | 2001-05-29 | 2002-12-19 | Nokia Corporation | Portable shopping assistant |
US20020179704A1 (en) | 2001-06-05 | 2002-12-05 | Ncr Corporation | Enhanced digital wallet |
US6507279B2 (en) | 2001-06-06 | 2003-01-14 | Sensormatic Electronics Corporation | Complete integrated self-checkout system and method |
JP2003085149A (en) | 2001-06-07 | 2003-03-20 | Systemneeds Inc | Fingerprint authenticating device and authenticating system |
US7588185B2 (en) | 2001-06-07 | 2009-09-15 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | RFID data collection and use |
US7003670B2 (en) | 2001-06-08 | 2006-02-21 | Musicrypt, Inc. | Biometric rights management system |
US20020188501A1 (en) | 2001-06-11 | 2002-12-12 | David Lefkowith | Method and system for providing rebates to automobile owners based on purchases made at participating retailer locations |
AU2002315133A1 (en) | 2001-06-12 | 2002-12-23 | Paytronix Systems, Inc. | Customer identification, loyalty and merchant payment gateway system |
US7478068B2 (en) | 2001-06-14 | 2009-01-13 | Sony Corporation | System and method of selecting consumer profile and account information via biometric identifiers |
FR2826153B1 (en) | 2001-06-14 | 2004-05-28 | A S K | METHOD FOR CONNECTING A CHIP TO AN ANTENNA OF A RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION DEVICE OF THE CONTACTLESS CHIP CARD TYPE |
US6626356B2 (en) | 2001-06-14 | 2003-09-30 | General Electric Company | Multi-use credit card for financial transactions and vehicle configuration |
US6601762B2 (en) | 2001-06-15 | 2003-08-05 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Point-of-sale (POS) voice authentication transaction system |
US6823910B1 (en) | 2001-06-15 | 2004-11-30 | Alex Elnekaveh | Money clip and card holder |
US6457996B1 (en) | 2001-06-22 | 2002-10-01 | Jess-Link Products Co., Ltd. | Connector to PDA external keyboard |
KR20030000942A (en) | 2001-06-27 | 2003-01-06 | 이명기 | Apparatus and Method for Electronic payment with strengthened authentication capability and Vending machine equiped with the same apparatus |
CA2403300A1 (en) | 2002-09-12 | 2004-03-12 | Pranil Ram | A method of buying or selling items and a user interface to facilitate the same |
US6834795B1 (en) | 2001-06-29 | 2004-12-28 | Sun Microsystems, Inc. | Secure user authentication to computing resource via smart card |
US7383224B2 (en) | 2001-06-29 | 2008-06-03 | Capital One Financial Corporation | Systems and methods for processing credit card transactions that exceed a credit limit |
US7237121B2 (en) | 2001-09-17 | 2007-06-26 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Secure bootloader for securing digital devices |
US20050033687A1 (en) | 2001-07-10 | 2005-02-10 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | Method and system for auditory emissions recognition biometrics on a fob |
US20040233039A1 (en) | 2001-07-10 | 2004-11-25 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | System for registering a biometric for use with a transponder |
US7121471B2 (en) | 2001-07-10 | 2006-10-17 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | Method and system for DNA recognition biometrics on a fob |
US7154375B2 (en) | 2001-07-10 | 2006-12-26 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | Biometric safeguard method with a fob |
US8548927B2 (en) | 2001-07-10 | 2013-10-01 | Xatra Fund Mx, Llc | Biometric registration for facilitating an RF transaction |
US7360689B2 (en) | 2001-07-10 | 2008-04-22 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | Method and system for proffering multiple biometrics for use with a FOB |
US20040239480A1 (en) | 2001-07-10 | 2004-12-02 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | Method for biometric security using a transponder |
US7668750B2 (en) | 2001-07-10 | 2010-02-23 | David S Bonalle | Securing RF transactions using a transactions counter |
US20060237528A1 (en) | 2001-07-10 | 2006-10-26 | Fred Bishop | Systems and methods for non-traditional payment |
US7925535B2 (en) | 2001-07-10 | 2011-04-12 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | System and method for securing RF transactions using a radio frequency identification device including a random number generator |
US7303120B2 (en) | 2001-07-10 | 2007-12-04 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | System for biometric security using a FOB |
US7119659B2 (en) | 2001-07-10 | 2006-10-10 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | Systems and methods for providing a RF transaction device for use in a private label transaction |
US7762457B2 (en) | 2001-07-10 | 2010-07-27 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | System and method for dynamic fob synchronization and personalization |
US20040232224A1 (en) | 2001-07-10 | 2004-11-25 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | Method for registering biometric for use with a fob |
US8284025B2 (en) | 2001-07-10 | 2012-10-09 | Xatra Fund Mx, Llc | Method and system for auditory recognition biometrics on a FOB |
US8960535B2 (en) | 2001-07-10 | 2015-02-24 | Iii Holdings 1, Llc | Method and system for resource management and evaluation |
US20040236699A1 (en) | 2001-07-10 | 2004-11-25 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | Method and system for hand geometry recognition biometrics on a fob |
US20040236700A1 (en) | 2001-07-10 | 2004-11-25 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | Method and system for keystroke scan recognition biometrics on a fob |
US20030014307A1 (en) | 2001-07-16 | 2003-01-16 | General Motors Corporation | Method and system for mobile commerce advertising |
US20030014357A1 (en) | 2001-07-16 | 2003-01-16 | General Motors Corporation | Method and system for conducting user defined mobile commerce |
US6669086B2 (en) | 2001-07-23 | 2003-12-30 | Faisal H. Abdi | Self service check cashing system and method |
US20030018532A1 (en) | 2001-07-23 | 2003-01-23 | General Motors Corporation | Method and device for conducting mobile commerce |
US7184747B2 (en) | 2001-07-25 | 2007-02-27 | Ncr Corporation | System and method for implementing financial transactions using cellular telephone data |
KR100505187B1 (en) | 2001-08-08 | 2005-08-04 | 오므론 가부시키가이샤 | Device and method of authentication, and method of registration of identity of the person |
JP2003058889A (en) | 2001-08-10 | 2003-02-28 | S Stuff:Kk | Method and device for identifying individual |
US6945453B1 (en) | 2001-08-13 | 2005-09-20 | Bank One Delaware N.A. | System and method for funding a collective account by use of an electronic tag |
JP4602606B2 (en) | 2001-08-15 | 2010-12-22 | ソニー株式会社 | Authentication processing system, authentication processing method, authentication device, and computer program |
US20030033697A1 (en) | 2001-08-16 | 2003-02-20 | Hicks Bryan K. | Buckle lanyard connector and system |
USD474234S1 (en) | 2001-08-16 | 2003-05-06 | Discover Financial Services, Inc. | Credit card and case |
US20030046228A1 (en) | 2001-08-28 | 2003-03-06 | Jean-Marc Berney | User-wearable functional jewelry with biometrics and smartcard to remotely sign and/or authenticate to e-services |
JP4281554B2 (en) | 2001-09-05 | 2009-06-17 | ソニー株式会社 | Plastic card |
WO2003023560A2 (en) | 2001-09-06 | 2003-03-20 | Mastercard International Incorporated | Method and device for control by consumers over personal data |
US6752272B2 (en) | 2001-09-13 | 2004-06-22 | Mead Westvaco Corporation | Unit dose packaging system with exterior pocket feature |
US20030055727A1 (en) | 2001-09-18 | 2003-03-20 | Walker Jay S. | Method and apparatus for facilitating the provision of a benefit to a customer of a retailer |
US6811082B2 (en) | 2001-09-18 | 2004-11-02 | Jacob Y. Wong | Advanced magnetic stripe bridge (AMSB) |
US20030177102A1 (en) | 2001-09-21 | 2003-09-18 | Timothy Robinson | System and method for biometric authorization for age verification |
US7103576B2 (en) | 2001-09-21 | 2006-09-05 | First Usa Bank, Na | System for providing cardless payment |
US7269737B2 (en) | 2001-09-21 | 2007-09-11 | Pay By Touch Checking Resources, Inc. | System and method for biometric authorization for financial transactions |
US6695166B2 (en) | 2001-09-26 | 2004-02-24 | Vending Management Services, Ltd. | Vending machine inventory system and method |
WO2003029922A2 (en) | 2001-10-01 | 2003-04-10 | Kline & Walker, Llc | Pfn/trac system faa upgrades for accountable remote and robotics control |
US6859672B2 (en) | 2001-10-04 | 2005-02-22 | Cryovac, Inc. | Method of linking a food source with a food product |
US20030069828A1 (en) | 2001-10-04 | 2003-04-10 | Eastman Kodak Company | System for and managing assets using priority tokens |
AU2002347822B2 (en) | 2001-10-05 | 2008-07-24 | Mastercard International Incorporated | System and method for integrated circuit card data storage |
US7996318B2 (en) | 2001-10-09 | 2011-08-09 | Robert Victor Marcon | Multi-function electronic transaction card |
US20060095369A1 (en) | 2001-10-15 | 2006-05-04 | Eyal Hofi | Device, method and system for authorizing transactions |
US20030074317A1 (en) | 2001-10-15 | 2003-04-17 | Eyal Hofi | Device, method and system for authorizing transactions |
US6766952B2 (en) | 2001-11-06 | 2004-07-27 | Quadnovation, Inc. | SIM card carrier |
US6934861B2 (en) | 2001-11-06 | 2005-08-23 | Crosscheck Identification Systems International, Inc. | National identification card system and biometric identity verification method for negotiating transactions |
US20030123714A1 (en) | 2001-11-06 | 2003-07-03 | O'gorman Lawrence | Method and system for capturing fingerprints from multiple swipe images |
US20030086591A1 (en) | 2001-11-07 | 2003-05-08 | Rudy Simon | Identity card and tracking system |
US6681926B2 (en) | 2001-11-07 | 2004-01-27 | Devolpi Dean R. | Integral keyboard and storage organizer |
US20050212657A1 (en) | 2001-11-07 | 2005-09-29 | Rudy Simon | Identity verification system with self-authenticating card |
US6644551B2 (en) | 2001-11-09 | 2003-11-11 | G + D Cardtech, Inc. | Card |
CA2467540C (en) | 2001-11-19 | 2014-04-01 | Robert L. Burchette, Jr. | Transaction card system having security against unauthorized usage |
WO2003046777A2 (en) | 2001-11-26 | 2003-06-05 | Ball, Ronald, H. | Portable messaging device adapted to perform financial transactions |
US6830193B2 (en) | 2001-11-29 | 2004-12-14 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Non-contact IC card |
US6857566B2 (en) | 2001-12-06 | 2005-02-22 | Mastercard International | Method and system for conducting transactions using a payment card with two technologies |
US7805376B2 (en) | 2002-06-14 | 2010-09-28 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | Methods and apparatus for facilitating a transaction |
PT1456810E (en) | 2001-12-18 | 2011-07-25 | L 1 Secure Credentialing Inc | Multiple image security features for identification documents and methods of making same |
US6601622B1 (en) | 2001-12-18 | 2003-08-05 | Tbac Investment Trust | Personal accessory with quick-access |
US20030112972A1 (en) | 2001-12-18 | 2003-06-19 | Hattick John B. | Data carrier for the secure transmission of information and method thereof |
AU2002357927A1 (en) | 2001-12-19 | 2003-07-09 | Id Technologies Corporation | System and method for biometric-based fraud protection |
US20030120626A1 (en) | 2001-12-20 | 2003-06-26 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Voice-enabled, consumer transaction system |
US7929951B2 (en) | 2001-12-20 | 2011-04-19 | Stevens Lawrence A | Systems and methods for storage of user information and for verifying user identity |
US6675093B1 (en) | 2001-12-21 | 2004-01-06 | Garmin Ltd. | Systems, functional data, and methods for generating a route |
US6843422B2 (en) | 2001-12-24 | 2005-01-18 | Digimarc Corporation | Contact smart cards having a document core, contactless smart cards including multi-layered structure, pet-based identification document, and methods of making same |
US7051932B2 (en) | 2001-12-26 | 2006-05-30 | Vivotech, Inc. | Adaptor for magnetic stripe card reader |
WO2003058391A2 (en) | 2001-12-26 | 2003-07-17 | Vivotech, Inc. | Wireless network micropayment financial transaction processing |
US20030122120A1 (en) | 2001-12-28 | 2003-07-03 | Motorola, Inc. | Organic semiconductor device and method |
US20030124294A1 (en) | 2001-12-28 | 2003-07-03 | Hodson Jay D. | Scored package and a method of making the same |
US7137553B2 (en) | 2001-12-31 | 2006-11-21 | Digital Data Research Company | Security clearance card, system and method of reading a security clearance card |
US20030225623A1 (en) | 2002-01-04 | 2003-12-04 | John Wankmueller | Method and system for conducting transactions using a payment card with account information encoded in bar code |
US20030130820A1 (en) | 2002-01-07 | 2003-07-10 | Lane George H. | Work order system |
US7121470B2 (en) | 2002-01-11 | 2006-10-17 | Hand Held Products, Inc. | Transaction terminal having elongated finger recess |
US6843415B2 (en) | 2002-01-11 | 2005-01-18 | Sap Atkiengesellschaft | Event-based communication in a distributed item tracking system |
US7451917B2 (en) | 2002-01-11 | 2008-11-18 | Hand Held Products, Inc. | Transaction terminal comprising imaging module |
US20030132132A1 (en) | 2002-01-16 | 2003-07-17 | Small George H | Retractable identification holder and methods of using same |
US7069444B2 (en) | 2002-01-25 | 2006-06-27 | Brent A. Lowensohn | Portable wireless access to computer-based systems |
US20030153356A1 (en) | 2002-01-28 | 2003-08-14 | Shih-Yuan Liu | Mobile phone for multiple SIM cards |
DE10203926A1 (en) | 2002-01-31 | 2003-08-14 | Richard Brandt | Data carrier e.g. smart card with personal data security, has storage element for encoded person-specific data based on biometric characteristics |
EP1335329B1 (en) | 2002-02-05 | 2020-05-27 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Personal authentication method, personal authentication apparatus and image capturing device |
US6883709B2 (en) | 2002-02-12 | 2005-04-26 | Famous Horse, Inc. | Biometric identification and security system associated with cash register |
US6732919B2 (en) | 2002-02-19 | 2004-05-11 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | System and method for using a multiple-use credit card |
US6691904B2 (en) | 2002-02-25 | 2004-02-17 | Gerardo Pineda | ID badge lanyard combination necktie holdown apparatus |
GB0204620D0 (en) | 2002-02-28 | 2002-04-10 | Europay Internat N V | Chip authentication programme |
JP3902489B2 (en) | 2002-03-04 | 2007-04-04 | エフアイエス株式会社 | Gas chromatograph device and breath component analyzer |
US20030225713A1 (en) | 2002-03-08 | 2003-12-04 | Atkinson Roger F. | Prepayment system for power distribution using RFID technology |
US7426479B2 (en) | 2002-03-12 | 2008-09-16 | Ncr Corporation | Customer activity data system and method |
JP2003271960A (en) | 2002-03-12 | 2003-09-26 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Device and method for collating fingerprint, and program |
US7204425B2 (en) | 2002-03-18 | 2007-04-17 | Precision Dynamics Corporation | Enhanced identification appliance |
US20030187786A1 (en) | 2002-03-26 | 2003-10-02 | Amy Swift | Merchant transponder systems using electronic check processing |
US7131571B2 (en) | 2002-03-26 | 2006-11-07 | First Data Corporation | Alternative payment devices using electronic check processing as a payment mechanism |
US20030187790A1 (en) | 2002-03-26 | 2003-10-02 | Amy Swift | Electronic check processing systems |
US7925576B2 (en) | 2002-03-26 | 2011-04-12 | First Data Corporation | Systems for processing transponder-based transactions |
US20020107007A1 (en) | 2002-03-27 | 2002-08-08 | Howard Gerson | Method for wireless telephony payment and an apparatus therefor |
WO2003084124A1 (en) | 2002-03-28 | 2003-10-09 | Innovation Connection Corporation | Apparatus and method for transactions security using biometric identity validation and contactless smartcard. |
AU2003230751A1 (en) | 2002-03-29 | 2003-10-13 | Bank One, Delaware, N.A. | System and process for performing purchase transaction using tokens |
JP3940014B2 (en) | 2002-03-29 | 2007-07-04 | 富士通株式会社 | Semiconductor integrated circuit, wireless tag, and contactless IC card |
US7299364B2 (en) | 2002-04-09 | 2007-11-20 | The Regents Of The University Of Michigan | Method and system to maintain application data secure and authentication token for use therein |
US20030195037A1 (en) | 2002-04-11 | 2003-10-16 | Vt Tech Corp. | Video gaming machine for casino games |
US20030195842A1 (en) | 2002-04-15 | 2003-10-16 | Kenneth Reece | Method and device for making secure transactions |
US7707120B2 (en) | 2002-04-17 | 2010-04-27 | Visa International Service Association | Mobile account authentication service |
US7229013B2 (en) | 2002-04-17 | 2007-06-12 | American Eps, Inc. | Biometric multi-purpose terminal, payroll and work management system and related methods |
US6944768B2 (en) | 2002-04-19 | 2005-09-13 | Cross Match Technologies, Inc. | System and methods for access control utilizing two factors to control access |
US6851617B2 (en) | 2002-04-19 | 2005-02-08 | Avery Dennison Corporation | Laser imageable RFID label/tag |
US7079007B2 (en) | 2002-04-19 | 2006-07-18 | Cross Match Technologies, Inc. | Systems and methods utilizing biometric data |
WO2003091924A1 (en) | 2002-04-24 | 2003-11-06 | Sk Telecom Co., Ltd | Mobile terminal with user identification card including personal finance-related information and method of using a value-added mobile service through said mobile terminal |
US20030208439A1 (en) | 2002-05-03 | 2003-11-06 | Rast Rodger H. | Automated soft limit control of electronic transaction accounts |
WO2003094080A1 (en) | 2002-05-03 | 2003-11-13 | Manugistics, Inc. | System and method for sharing information relating to supply chain transactions in multiple environments |
US7274807B2 (en) | 2002-05-30 | 2007-09-25 | Activcard Ireland Limited | Method and apparatus for supporting a biometric registration performed on a card |
DE10224209B4 (en) | 2002-05-31 | 2004-09-23 | Infineon Technologies Ag | Authorization means security module terminal system |
US20030227550A1 (en) | 2002-06-06 | 2003-12-11 | Manico Joseph A. | System and method for providing a customized imaging product or service |
WO2003106283A1 (en) | 2002-06-17 | 2003-12-24 | Mars, Incorporated | Container with integral card holder |
US6751805B1 (en) | 2002-06-17 | 2004-06-22 | Kenneth Austion | Rider down emergency identification card |
DE10227558A1 (en) | 2002-06-20 | 2004-01-15 | Infineon Technologies Ag | System for data exchange between at least two contactless data carriers |
US8060139B2 (en) | 2002-06-24 | 2011-11-15 | Toshiba American Research Inc. (Tari) | Authenticating multiple devices simultaneously over a wireless link using a single subscriber identity module |
US7606730B2 (en) | 2002-06-25 | 2009-10-20 | American Express Travel Relate Services Company, Inc. | System and method for a multiple merchant stored value card |
US20040001711A1 (en) * | 2002-06-26 | 2004-01-01 | Kirby Koster | Lightpath segment protection for WDM networks |
US20040015451A1 (en) | 2002-07-10 | 2004-01-22 | Sahota Jagdeep Singh | Method for conducting financial transactions utilizing infrared data communications |
US8412623B2 (en) | 2002-07-15 | 2013-04-02 | Citicorp Credit Services, Inc. | Method and system for a multi-purpose transactional platform |
US6793141B1 (en) | 2002-07-23 | 2004-09-21 | R. William Graham | Credit card |
US20040019564A1 (en) | 2002-07-26 | 2004-01-29 | Scott Goldthwaite | System and method for payment transaction authentication |
US20040127256A1 (en) | 2002-07-30 | 2004-07-01 | Scott Goldthwaite | Mobile device equipped with a contactless smart card reader/writer |
US7616784B2 (en) | 2002-07-29 | 2009-11-10 | Robert William Kocher | Method and apparatus for contactless hand recognition |
US20040104268A1 (en) | 2002-07-30 | 2004-06-03 | Bailey Kenneth Stephen | Plug in credit card reader module for wireless cellular phone verifications |
JP4265167B2 (en) | 2002-08-02 | 2009-05-20 | ソニー株式会社 | Personal authentication device, computer input device, portable information terminal, vehicle handle, and personal authentication method |
JP2004070831A (en) | 2002-08-08 | 2004-03-04 | Sony Corp | Input device |
JP4140313B2 (en) | 2002-08-09 | 2008-08-27 | 日本ユニカ株式会社 | Personal authentication device, locking device |
US7083090B2 (en) | 2002-08-09 | 2006-08-01 | Patrick Zuili | Remote portable and universal smartcard authentication and authorization device |
US20040041021A1 (en) | 2002-08-27 | 2004-03-04 | Ncr Corporation | Modular self checkout system |
US6786400B1 (en) | 2002-09-06 | 2004-09-07 | Capital One Financial Corporation | Multiple account banking system and method |
CZ2005209A3 (en) | 2002-09-10 | 2005-12-14 | Ivi Smart Technologies, Inc. | Safe biometric verification of identity |
US20040050930A1 (en) | 2002-09-17 | 2004-03-18 | Bernard Rowe | Smart card with onboard authentication facility |
US20040059923A1 (en) | 2002-09-25 | 2004-03-25 | Shamrao Andrew Divaker | Systems and methods for authentication |
JP2004118627A (en) | 2002-09-27 | 2004-04-15 | Toshiba Corp | Figure identification device and method |
US6842106B2 (en) | 2002-10-04 | 2005-01-11 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Challenged-based tag authentication model |
US20040139021A1 (en) | 2002-10-07 | 2004-07-15 | Visa International Service Association | Method and system for facilitating data access and management on a secure token |
USH2120H1 (en) | 2002-10-10 | 2005-07-05 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Biometric personal identification credential system (PICS) |
AU2003285891A1 (en) | 2002-10-15 | 2004-05-04 | Digimarc Corporation | Identification document and related methods |
CN1706206A (en) | 2002-10-18 | 2005-12-07 | 赛宝技术公司 | Method for the efficient reading of a population of radio frequency identification tags with unique identification numbers over a noisy air channel |
US20060034492A1 (en) | 2002-10-30 | 2006-02-16 | Roy Siegel | Hand recognition system |
JP2004164347A (en) | 2002-11-14 | 2004-06-10 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | Ic card and method for principal authentication using the same |
JP2004178141A (en) | 2002-11-26 | 2004-06-24 | Hitachi Ltd | Ic card with illicit use preventing function |
US7130452B2 (en) | 2002-12-03 | 2006-10-31 | International Business Machines Corporation | System and method for multi-party validation, authentication and/or authorization via biometrics |
US7494060B2 (en) | 2002-12-10 | 2009-02-24 | Anthony Zagami | Information-based access control system for sea port terminals |
DE60333664D1 (en) | 2002-12-11 | 2010-09-16 | American Express Travel Relate | FOLDABLE TRANSACTION CARD SYSTEMS |
AU2002953325A0 (en) | 2002-12-13 | 2003-01-09 | Executive Computing Holdings Pty Ltd | Means for providing protection for digital assets |
US6685088B1 (en) | 2002-12-13 | 2004-02-03 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | System and method for selecting an account |
US6776332B2 (en) | 2002-12-26 | 2004-08-17 | Micropin Technologies Inc. | System and method for validating and operating an access card |
US7116805B2 (en) | 2003-01-07 | 2006-10-03 | Avagotechnologies Ecbu Ip (Singapore) Pte. Ltd. | Fingerprint verification device |
WO2004066177A1 (en) | 2003-01-21 | 2004-08-05 | Mitsui & Co., Ltd. | Card settlement method using portable electronic device having fingerprint sensor |
US7124955B2 (en) | 2003-01-28 | 2006-10-24 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | Compact or convenient transaction cards |
US7059159B2 (en) | 2003-02-06 | 2006-06-13 | Mi-Jack Products, Inc. | Security system for cargo trailers |
US20040158723A1 (en) | 2003-02-06 | 2004-08-12 | Root David C. | Methods for providing high-integrity enrollments into biometric authentication databases |
US7005965B2 (en) | 2003-02-14 | 2006-02-28 | Winbond Electronics Corporation | Radio frequency identification device |
US6708375B1 (en) | 2003-02-24 | 2004-03-23 | Maria Ward Johnson | Harness wallet |
US7108190B2 (en) | 2003-02-28 | 2006-09-19 | Appleton Papers Inc. | Token array and method employing authentication tokens bearing scent formulation information |
US20040199469A1 (en) | 2003-03-21 | 2004-10-07 | Barillova Katrina A. | Biometric transaction system and method |
US20040193676A1 (en) | 2003-03-24 | 2004-09-30 | Nokia Corporation | System, terminal and method of transmitting information utilizing a variable-string uniform resource locator (URL) |
GB2402249A (en) | 2003-03-28 | 2004-12-01 | Qinetiq Ltd | Integrated passenger management system using biometric sensors and a mm wave camera |
US6983882B2 (en) | 2003-03-31 | 2006-01-10 | Kepler, Ltd. | Personal biometric authentication and authorization device |
KR20040087690A (en) | 2003-04-07 | 2004-10-15 | 주식회사 씨크롭 | System and Method for a credit transaction by a fingerprint |
JP4347599B2 (en) | 2003-04-10 | 2009-10-21 | オリンパス株式会社 | Personal authentication device |
US6845863B1 (en) | 2003-04-22 | 2005-01-25 | Herman Riley | Card magnetic strip protector sleeve |
US20040215575A1 (en) | 2003-04-28 | 2004-10-28 | John Garrity | Efficient management of fueling transactions |
US7268667B2 (en) | 2003-05-09 | 2007-09-11 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | Systems and methods for providing a RF transaction device operable to store multiple distinct accounts |
US7100821B2 (en) | 2003-05-15 | 2006-09-05 | Mehran Randall Rasti | Charge card and debit transactions using a variable charge number |
WO2004105359A2 (en) | 2003-05-19 | 2004-12-02 | Einar Rosenberg | An apparatus and method for increased security of wireless transactions |
US6923370B2 (en) | 2003-05-20 | 2005-08-02 | Bradley L. Gotfried | Access system |
US20040236680A1 (en) | 2003-05-22 | 2004-11-25 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method and apparatus for displaying embedded chip states and embedded chip end-user application states |
JP2004348478A (en) | 2003-05-22 | 2004-12-09 | Hitachi Ltd | Authentication system using ic card and ic card |
USD509243S1 (en) | 2003-05-22 | 2005-09-06 | Mastercard International Incorporated | Card |
US6735081B1 (en) | 2003-05-27 | 2004-05-11 | Nortel Networks Limited | Thermal management apparatus for horizontal electronics enclosures |
US7421097B2 (en) | 2003-05-27 | 2008-09-02 | Honeywell International Inc. | Face identification verification using 3 dimensional modeling |
JP2005010826A (en) | 2003-06-16 | 2005-01-13 | Fujitsu Ltd | Authentication terminal device, biometrics information authentication system and biometrics information acquisition system |
US7088220B2 (en) | 2003-06-20 | 2006-08-08 | Motorola, Inc. | Method and apparatus using biometric sensors for controlling access to a wireless communication device |
US6961450B2 (en) | 2003-06-25 | 2005-11-01 | Intelligent Biometric Technology, Inc. | Personal identification method, electronic identification system and apparatus for personal biometrical identification by gauging geometry of the person's hand |
JP3728304B2 (en) | 2003-07-10 | 2005-12-21 | キヤノン株式会社 | Information processing method, information processing apparatus, program, and storage medium |
JP2005032164A (en) | 2003-07-11 | 2005-02-03 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Authentication system, authentication device, server device, registration device, and terminal device |
US20050011776A1 (en) | 2003-07-14 | 2005-01-20 | Nagel Richard R. | Easy access credit card holder |
US20050021457A1 (en) | 2003-07-25 | 2005-01-27 | Johnson A. Wayne | Financial account up-front incentives management system and method |
US20050065842A1 (en) | 2003-07-28 | 2005-03-24 | Richard Summers | System and method for coordinating product inspection, repair and product maintenance |
US6981591B2 (en) | 2003-07-31 | 2006-01-03 | Umbra Inc. | Case with elastic-secured end cap |
WO2005024562A2 (en) | 2003-08-11 | 2005-03-17 | Eloret Corporation | System and method for pattern recognition in sequential data |
US20050040272A1 (en) | 2003-08-19 | 2005-02-24 | Argumedo Armando Jesus | Cartridge with slanted memory chip and conforming wall |
US7127672B1 (en) | 2003-08-22 | 2006-10-24 | Microsoft Corporation | Creating and managing structured data in an electronic spreadsheet |
US8156042B2 (en) | 2003-08-29 | 2012-04-10 | Starbucks Corporation | Method and apparatus for automatically reloading a stored value card |
US7104446B2 (en) | 2003-09-03 | 2006-09-12 | Visa U.S.A., Inc. | Method, system and portable consumer device using wildcard values |
US20050054438A1 (en) | 2003-09-04 | 2005-03-10 | Rothschild Wayne H. | Universal personal identifier for accessing patron information at a gaming venue |
WO2005029231A2 (en) | 2003-09-12 | 2005-03-31 | Moebs $ervices, Inc. | Risk identification system and methods |
JP2005115923A (en) | 2003-09-18 | 2005-04-28 | Ricoh Co Ltd | Information providing system |
MXPA06003445A (en) | 2003-09-26 | 2006-06-14 | Mastercard International Inc | Method and system for biometrically enabling a proximity payment device. |
US7787667B2 (en) | 2003-10-01 | 2010-08-31 | Authentec, Inc. | Spot-based finger biometric processing method and associated sensor |
US7743980B2 (en) | 2003-11-12 | 2010-06-29 | De Sylva Robert Francis | System and method for facilitating monetary transactions |
US7762470B2 (en) | 2003-11-17 | 2010-07-27 | Dpd Patent Trust Ltd. | RFID token with multiple interface controller |
US7039440B2 (en) | 2003-11-20 | 2006-05-02 | International Business Machines Corporation | Wireless rechargeable money card |
US7363505B2 (en) | 2003-12-03 | 2008-04-22 | Pen-One Inc | Security authentication method and system |
US20050125343A1 (en) | 2003-12-03 | 2005-06-09 | Mendelovich Isaac F. | Method and apparatus for monetizing personal consumer profiles by aggregating a plurality of consumer credit card accounts into one card |
US7543331B2 (en) | 2003-12-22 | 2009-06-02 | Sun Microsystems, Inc. | Framework for providing a configurable firewall for computing systems |
US6997381B2 (en) | 2003-12-24 | 2006-02-14 | Michael Arnouse | Dual-sided smart card reader |
US20050149358A1 (en) | 2004-01-06 | 2005-07-07 | Lisa M. Sacco And Lynn Greenky | RFID tracking of anesthesiologist and patient time |
US7376841B2 (en) | 2004-01-12 | 2008-05-20 | International Business Machines Corporation | Portable computer with a hand impression |
EP1566788A3 (en) | 2004-01-23 | 2017-11-22 | Sony United Kingdom Limited | Display |
US20050165684A1 (en) | 2004-01-28 | 2005-07-28 | Saflink Corporation | Electronic transaction verification system |
US20050203857A1 (en) | 2004-03-09 | 2005-09-15 | Friedman Lawrence J. | Methods for transaction processing |
US20050216424A1 (en) | 2004-03-23 | 2005-09-29 | Star Systems, Inc. | Transaction system with special handling of micropayment transaction requests |
US7472833B2 (en) | 2004-03-25 | 2009-01-06 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Information card |
US7434054B2 (en) | 2004-03-31 | 2008-10-07 | Microsoft Corporation | Asynchronous enhanced shared secret provisioning protocol |
US20050221853A1 (en) | 2004-03-31 | 2005-10-06 | Silvester Kelan C | User authentication using a mobile phone SIM card |
US7132946B2 (en) | 2004-04-08 | 2006-11-07 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Variable frequency radio frequency identification (RFID) tags |
US20050232471A1 (en) | 2004-04-20 | 2005-10-20 | Richard Baer | Biometric data card and authentication method |
US8918900B2 (en) | 2004-04-26 | 2014-12-23 | Ivi Holdings Ltd. | Smart card for passport, electronic passport, and method, system, and apparatus for authenticating person holding smart card or electronic passport |
US20050278222A1 (en) | 2004-05-24 | 2005-12-15 | Nortrup Edward H | Systems and methods for performing transactions |
EP1610273A1 (en) | 2004-06-25 | 2005-12-28 | STMicroelectronics Belgium N.V. | Improved security device and terminal and method for communication between them |
US20060016874A1 (en) | 2004-07-01 | 2006-01-26 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | System for registering a biometric for use with a smartcard |
US20060000895A1 (en) | 2004-07-01 | 2006-01-05 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | Method and system for facial recognition biometrics on a smartcard |
US7363504B2 (en) | 2004-07-01 | 2008-04-22 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | Method and system for keystroke scan recognition biometrics on a smartcard |
US20060000897A1 (en) | 2004-07-01 | 2006-01-05 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | Method and system for signature recognition biometrics on a smartcard |
US20060016869A1 (en) | 2004-07-01 | 2006-01-26 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | Method and system for auditory emissions recognition biometrics on a smartcard |
US20060000898A1 (en) | 2004-07-01 | 2006-01-05 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | Method and system for vascular pattern recognition biometrics on a smartcard |
US7318550B2 (en) | 2004-07-01 | 2008-01-15 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | Biometric safeguard method for use with a smartcard |
US7341181B2 (en) | 2004-07-01 | 2008-03-11 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | Method for biometric security using a smartcard |
US7325724B2 (en) | 2004-07-01 | 2008-02-05 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | Method for registering a biometric for use with a smartcard |
US20060000896A1 (en) | 2004-07-01 | 2006-01-05 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | Method and system for voice recognition biometrics on a smartcard |
US20060000894A1 (en) | 2004-07-01 | 2006-01-05 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | Method and system for fingerprint biometrics on a smartcard |
US20060000893A1 (en) | 2004-07-01 | 2006-01-05 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | Method for biometric security using a smartcard-reader |
US20060016868A1 (en) | 2004-07-01 | 2006-01-26 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | Method and system for hand geometry recognition biometrics on a smartcard |
US20060000899A1 (en) | 2004-07-01 | 2006-01-05 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | Method and system for dna recognition biometrics on a smartcard |
US7314164B2 (en) | 2004-07-01 | 2008-01-01 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | System for biometric security using a smartcard |
US7314165B2 (en) | 2004-07-01 | 2008-01-01 | American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. | Method and system for smellprint recognition biometrics on a smartcard |
US7548152B2 (en) | 2004-10-08 | 2009-06-16 | Entrust Limited | RFID transponder information security methods systems and devices |
DE502004008948D1 (en) | 2004-10-11 | 2009-03-19 | Swisscom Schweiz Ag | Communication card for mobile network devices and authentication method for users of mobile network devices |
CN101375284B (en) | 2004-10-25 | 2012-02-22 | 安全第一公司 | Secure data parser method and system |
US7298873B2 (en) | 2004-11-16 | 2007-11-20 | Imageware Systems, Inc. | Multimodal biometric platform |
US20060123240A1 (en) | 2004-12-08 | 2006-06-08 | Alison Chaiken | Secure biometric authentication system and method of implementation thereof |
US7840254B2 (en) | 2005-01-18 | 2010-11-23 | Philips Electronics Ltd | Electromagnetically tracked K-wire device |
US20060158434A1 (en) | 2005-01-20 | 2006-07-20 | Zank Anthony E | Electronic payment terminal with active cover |
US20060190419A1 (en) | 2005-02-22 | 2006-08-24 | Bunn Frank E | Video surveillance data analysis algorithms, with local and network-shared communications for facial, physical condition, and intoxication recognition, fuzzy logic intelligent camera system |
US20060202835A1 (en) | 2005-02-25 | 2006-09-14 | Osborne Industries, Inc. | Dual frequency identification device |
US20060242423A1 (en) | 2005-04-22 | 2006-10-26 | Kussmaul John W | Isolated authentication device and associated methods |
US7377448B2 (en) | 2005-06-01 | 2008-05-27 | Sandisk Il Ltd | Card device for connection to a USB receptacle |
US7323992B2 (en) | 2005-06-21 | 2008-01-29 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method and system for aggregation of RFID signal sources and composite to develop a unique signature |
US7586413B2 (en) | 2005-09-01 | 2009-09-08 | Assa Abloy Ab | Human feedback using parasitic power harvesting of RFID tags |
US7756981B2 (en) | 2005-11-03 | 2010-07-13 | Quest Software, Inc. | Systems and methods for remote rogue protocol enforcement |
US7864987B2 (en) | 2006-04-18 | 2011-01-04 | Infosys Technologies Ltd. | Methods and systems for secured access to devices and systems |
US20070252001A1 (en) | 2006-04-25 | 2007-11-01 | Kail Kevin J | Access control system with RFID and biometric facial recognition |
US7344072B2 (en) | 2006-04-27 | 2008-03-18 | Sandisk Corporation | Credit card sized USB flash drive |
US7604166B2 (en) | 2006-06-12 | 2009-10-20 | Rania Abouyounes | Method and system for flexible purchases using only fingerprints at the time and location of purchase |
-
2002
- 2002-12-13 US US10/318,432 patent/US9454752B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-07-08 AU AU2003265262A patent/AU2003265262A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-07-08 WO PCT/US2003/021280 patent/WO2004006590A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2016
- 2016-09-06 US US15/257,262 patent/US20160379221A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US10977656B1 (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2021-04-13 | Capital One Services, Llc | System and method for detecting fraudulent bank transactions |
US11704675B2 (en) | 2019-12-26 | 2023-07-18 | Capital One Services, Llc | System and method for detecting fraudulent bank transactions |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US9454752B2 (en) | 2016-09-27 |
AU2003265262A8 (en) | 2004-01-23 |
AU2003265262A1 (en) | 2004-01-23 |
WO2004006590A3 (en) | 2004-06-17 |
US20040010449A1 (en) | 2004-01-15 |
WO2004006590A2 (en) | 2004-01-15 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US20210142323A1 (en) | Funding a radio frequency device transaction | |
US20160379221A1 (en) | System and method for selecting load options for use in radio frequency identification in contact and contactless transactions | |
US7889052B2 (en) | Authorizing payment subsequent to RF transactions | |
US9886692B2 (en) | Securing a transaction between a transponder and a reader | |
US8009018B2 (en) | RF transactions using a wireless reader grid | |
AU2002318293A1 (en) | System and method for payment using radio frequency identification in contact and contactless transactions | |
US20140046835A1 (en) | System and method for managing a transaction protocol | |
US8538863B1 (en) | System and method for facilitating a transaction using a revolving use account associated with a primary account | |
JP5643854B2 (en) | Systems and methods for motivating payments using radio frequency identification in contact and contactless transactions |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: INTELLECTUAL VENTURES ASSETS 73 LLC, DELAWARE Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:CHARTOLEAUX KG LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY;REEL/FRAME:045415/0009 Effective date: 20180201 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: XATRA FUND MX, LLC, DELAWARE Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:AMERICAN EXPRESS TRAVEL RELATED SERVICES COMPANY, INC.;REEL/FRAME:045067/0045 Effective date: 20071017 Owner name: CHARTOLEAUX KG LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY, DELAWARE Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNOR:XATRA FUND MX, LLC;REEL/FRAME:045067/0081 Effective date: 20150812 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: LIBERTY PEAK VENTURES, LLC, TEXAS Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNOR:INTELLECTUAL VENTURES ASSETS 73 LLC;REEL/FRAME:045611/0001 Effective date: 20180302 |
|
STCB | Information on status: application discontinuation |
Free format text: ABANDONED -- FAILURE TO RESPOND TO AN OFFICE ACTION |