US20070038649A1 - Flexible handling of datetime XML datatype in a database system - Google Patents

Flexible handling of datetime XML datatype in a database system Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US20070038649A1
US20070038649A1 US11/202,463 US20246305A US2007038649A1 US 20070038649 A1 US20070038649 A1 US 20070038649A1 US 20246305 A US20246305 A US 20246305A US 2007038649 A1 US2007038649 A1 US 2007038649A1
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
database
xml
processors
date
certain
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
US11/202,463
Other versions
US7406478B2 (en
Inventor
Abhyudaya Agrawal
Ravi Murthy
Sivasankaran Chandrasekar
Nipun Agarwal
Eric Sedlar
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Oracle International Corp
Original Assignee
Oracle International Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Oracle International Corp filed Critical Oracle International Corp
Priority to US11/202,463 priority Critical patent/US7406478B2/en
Assigned to ORACLE INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION reassignment ORACLE INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: SEDLAR, ERIC, AGARWAL, NIPUN, MURTHY, RAVI, AGRAWAL, ABHYUDAYA, CHANDRASEKAR, SIVASANKARAN
Publication of US20070038649A1 publication Critical patent/US20070038649A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US7406478B2 publication Critical patent/US7406478B2/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Adjusted expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F16/00Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
    • G06F16/80Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor of semi-structured data, e.g. markup language structured data such as SGML, XML or HTML
    • G06F16/84Mapping; Conversion
    • G06F16/86Mapping to a database
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S707/00Data processing: database and file management or data structures
    • Y10S707/99941Database schema or data structure
    • Y10S707/99942Manipulating data structure, e.g. compression, compaction, compilation
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S707/00Data processing: database and file management or data structures
    • Y10S707/99941Database schema or data structure
    • Y10S707/99943Generating database or data structure, e.g. via user interface

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to representing XML data in a database, and in particular, to representing XML data types related to date and/or times.
  • the Extensible Markup Language is the standard for data and documents that is finding wide acceptance in the computer industry. XML describes and provides structure to a body of data, such as a file or data packet. The XML standard provides for tags that delimit sections of XML documents referred to as XML elements.
  • XML schemas Information about the structure of specific types of XML documents may be specified in documents referred to as “XML schemas”.
  • the XML schema for a particular type of XML document may specify the names for the elements contained in that type of XML document, the hierarchical relationship between the elements contained in that type of XML document, and the type of values contained in that particular type of XML document.
  • Standards governing XML schemas include XML Schema, Part 0, Part 1, Part 2, W3C Recommendation, 2 May 2001, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference, XML Schema Part 1: Structures, Second Edition, W3C Recommendation 28 Oct. 2004, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference, and XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition, W3C Recommendation 28 Oct. 28, 2004, the contents of which incorporated herein by reference.
  • One type of storage mechanism stores an XML document as a text file in a file system.
  • Another type of storage mechanism uses object-relational database systems that are enhanced to store and process queries for collections of XML documents. Furthermore, these object-relational database systems can store and manage XML documents as instances of XML schemas. To store and manage the XML documents in a database system, database representations, defined in terms of database data types handled by the database system, are used to represent XML documents.
  • a database representation of an entire XML document may be a CLOB (binary large object), or maybe one or more tables whose columns store the components of an XML document in one or more rows.
  • a database representation may be a hierarchy of objects in an object-relational database; each object is an instance of an object class and stores one or more elements of an XML document.
  • the object class defines, for example, the structure corresponding to an element, and includes references or pointers to objects representing the immediate descendants of the element.
  • XML standards define data types, referred to herein as XML data types. Among these data types are primitive data types for representing dates and/or times, referred to herein as XML date-time types. Examples of XML date-time types include the XML primitive data types “dateTime”, “date”, “time”, and “gYearMonth”. XML standards are very flexible and permit instance values to have optional properties. For example, XML standards permit the ‘dateTime’ type instance to have an arbitrary level of precision, or to have a time Zone property, i.e. to be “with time-zone”.
  • database types such as American National Standards Institute (“ANSI”) SQL types DATE, TIMESTAMP, and TIMESTAMP WITH TIMEZONE are used as a database representation of an XML date-time type.
  • ANSI American National Standards Institute
  • Database types for date and/or time values are referred to herein database date-time types.
  • the present invention is not limited to any data type of any particular standard for database languages.
  • TIMESTAMP( 5 ) declares a timestamp with a level of precision of 5 (i.e. seconds to five decimal places).
  • Database date-time types are used for database representations of XML date-time types.
  • a database date-time type as a database representation of a XML date-time type
  • a decision is made as to what extent the full range of options of the XML date-time type is to be supported by a database date-time type.
  • the decision needs to strike a balance between supporting a wider range of options and using more database system resources to support the range of options.
  • the time zone property of the XML dateTime type may be supported by the TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE database type.
  • this database type requires more storage space than other alternatives, such as TIMESTAMP.
  • XML documents stored in a database system do not include dataTime instances with time zone, then database system resources are wasted to support a feature that is not ever used. Similarly, a level of precision of 5 can be supported by using a database type of TIMESTAMP( 5 ). However, many dataTime instances in XML documents stored in a database system may not have this level of precision.
  • XML date-time types are by default represented by a general all-purpose database representation that can handle a wide range of user requirements, but not necessarily all of the user requirements. As a result, either resources are wasted to support a range of options that are seldom if ever used, or user requirements for XML date-time types are not supported in some situations.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a storage mechanism for storing XML data according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a computer system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a database server determines (1) a database representation for the XML schema and (2) mapping information.
  • the database representation determination is a determination about what database-types should be used to represent an XML schema and/or how instances of the XML schema are stored by a database system. Determining the appropriate database representation for a given XML schema may involve, for example, determining the database types, database objects, collection types, constraints, and even the indexes that are to be used by a database system to store data for XML documents that conform to the given XML schema.
  • the mapping information indicates the mapping between the constructs declared in the XML schema and the constructs included in the appropriate database representation.
  • an XML schema may contain annotations (“date-time annotations”) that describe one or more properties of a database representation of an XML date-time type. Based on the annotations, the database determines an appropriate database representation and generates mapping information mapping the declaration of the XML date-time type of the XML schema to the constructs of the database representation.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a system that includes a mechanism for mapping XML schemas to object-relational database systems.
  • the system includes a database server 104 .
  • a server such as database server 104 , is a combination of integrated software components and an allocation of computational resources, such as memory, one or more computers, and processes on the one or more computers that execute the integrated software components on a processor, the combination of the software and computational resources being dedicated to performing a particular function on behalf of one or more clients.
  • a database server governs and facilitates access to a particular database, processing requests by clients to access the database.
  • Database server 104 includes an XML schema mapper 106 .
  • XML schema mapper 106 determines the appropriate database representation 108 for documents that conform to XML schema 102 , and generates mapping information 110 that indicates the correlation between the constructs declared by the XML schema and the elements of the database representation 108 .
  • an XML schema has to be first registered with database server 104 before it can be used or referenced within database server 104 . After the registration process is completed, XML documents conforming to this schema (and referencing it via the schema URL within the document) can be stored and treated by database server 104 as instances of the XML schema.
  • mapping information is generated to indicate the correlation between the parts of the database representation and the elements identified in the particular XML schema.
  • the mapping information may indicate, for example, that data associated with a specific element of the XML schema should be stored in a particular column of a table that is generated as part of the appropriate database representation.
  • mapping information enables performance benefits. For example, query performance may be improved by rewriting XPath queries to directly access the underlying columns. In addition, update performance may be improved by rewriting updates to directly update the underlying columns. Consequently, updating a portion of the XML data from a stored document would not always require rewriting the entire XML data for the stored document.
  • date-time annotations are in the form of “annotation attributes” included in the elements of a XML schema.
  • the attributes may belong to a namespace, such as XDB.
  • the annotation attributes specify the database type of a database representation of an XML date-time attribute, and can specify one or more properties of the database type, such as a level of precision and with time-zone.
  • the preceding declaration is an element in an XML schema and defines an element of the type XML dateTime with a name of ‘dob’.
  • the annotation attribute ‘xdb:SQLType’ specifies a database date-time type of TIMESTAMP with a level of precision of 5 decimal places for seconds.
  • database server 104 When database server 104 registers the schema, database server 104 creates the object type PERSON_T with the following attributes: Name Database Type name VARCHAR2(4000 CHAR) dob TIMESTAMP(6) WITH TIME ZONE
  • database server 104 can store and treat XML documents as instances of the XML schema, such as the following XML document.
  • XML documents such as the following XML document.
  • xsi:schemaLocation “my sch1.xsd”> ⁇ name>foo ⁇ /name> ⁇ dob>1973-02-12T13:44:32.342566+03:00 ⁇ /dob> ⁇ /Person>
  • database server 104 uses TIMESTAMP (without time-zone) as the default database representation, causing time zone information to be ignored.
  • database server 104 can store and treat XML documents as instances of the XML schema, such as the following XML document.
  • XML documents such as the following XML document.
  • the precision of the database representation can be varied between multiple declarations within a XML schema, as illustrated in the following XML schema.
  • database server 104 can store and treat XML documents as instances of the XML schema, such as the following XML document.
  • XML documents such as the following XML document.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram that illustrates a computer system 200 upon which an embodiment of the invention may be implemented.
  • Computer system 200 includes a bus 202 or other communication mechanism for communicating information, and a processor 204 coupled with bus 202 for processing information.
  • Computer system 200 also includes a main memory 206 , such as a random access memory (RAM) or other dynamic storage device, coupled to bus 202 for storing information and instructions to be executed by processor 204 .
  • Main memory 206 also may be used for storing temporary variables or other intermediate information during execution of instructions to be executed by processor 204 .
  • Computer system 200 further includes a read only memory (ROM) 208 or other static storage device coupled to bus 202 for storing static information and instructions for processor 204 .
  • a storage device 210 such as a magnetic disk or optical disk, is provided and coupled to bus 202 for storing information and instructions.
  • Computer system 200 may be coupled via bus 202 to a display 212 , such as a cathode ray tube (CRT), for displaying information to a computer user.
  • a display 212 such as a cathode ray tube (CRT)
  • An input device 214 is coupled to bus 202 for communicating information and command selections to processor 204 .
  • cursor control 216 is Another type of user input device
  • cursor control 216 such as a mouse, a trackball, or cursor direction keys for communicating direction information and command selections to processor 204 and for controlling cursor movement on display 212 .
  • This input device typically has two degrees of freedom in two axes, a first axis (e.g., x) and a second axis (e.g., y), that allows the device to specify positions in a plane.
  • the invention is related to the use of computer system 200 for implementing the techniques described herein. According to one embodiment of the invention, those techniques are performed by computer system 200 in response to processor 204 executing one or more sequences of one or more instructions contained in main memory 206 . Such instructions may be read into main memory 206 from another machine-readable medium, such as storage device 210 . Execution of the sequences of instructions contained in main memory 206 causes processor 204 to perform the process steps described herein. In alternative embodiments, hard-wired circuitry may be used in place of or in combination with software instructions to implement the invention. Thus, embodiments of the invention are not limited to any specific combination of hardware circuitry and software.
  • machine-readable medium refers to any medium that participates in providing data that causes a machine to operation in a specific fashion.
  • various machine-readable media are involved, for example, in providing instructions to processor 204 for execution.
  • Such a medium may take many forms, including but not limited to, non-volatile media, volatile media, and transmission media.
  • Non-volatile media includes, for example, optical or magnetic disks, such as storage device 210 .
  • Volatile media includes dynamic memory, such as main memory 206 .
  • Transmission media includes coaxial cables, copper wire and fiber optics, including the wires that comprise bus 202 . Transmission media can also take the form of acoustic or light waves, such as those generated during radio-wave and infra-red data communications.
  • Machine-readable media include, for example, a floppy disk, a flexible disk, hard disk, magnetic tape, or any other magnetic medium, a CD-ROM, any other optical medium, punchcards, papertape, any other physical medium with patterns of holes, a RAM, a PROM, and EPROM, a FLASH-EPROM, any other memory chip or cartridge, a carrier wave as described hereinafter, or any other medium from which a computer can read.
  • Various forms of machine-readable media may be involved in carrying one or more sequences of one or more instructions to processor 204 for execution.
  • the instructions may initially be carried on a magnetic disk of a remote computer.
  • the remote computer can load the instructions into its dynamic memory and send the instructions over a telephone line using a modem.
  • a modem local to computer system 200 can receive the data on the telephone line and use an infra-red transmitter to convert the data to an infra-red signal.
  • An infra-red detector can receive the data carried in the infra-red signal and appropriate circuitry can place the data on bus 202 .
  • Bus 202 carries the data to main memory 206 , from which processor 204 retrieves and executes the instructions.
  • the instructions received by main memory 206 may optionally be stored on storage device 210 either before or after execution by processor 204 .
  • Computer system 200 also includes a communication interface 218 coupled to bus 202 .
  • Communication interface 218 provides a two-way data communication coupling to a network link 220 that is connected to a local network 222 .
  • communication interface 218 may be an integrated services digital network (ISDN) card or a modem to provide a data communication connection to a corresponding type of telephone-line.
  • ISDN integrated services digital network
  • communication interface 218 may be a local area network (LAN) card to provide a data communication connection to a compatible LAN.
  • LAN local area network
  • Wireless links may also be implemented.
  • communication interface 218 sends and receives electrical, electromagnetic or optical signals that carry digital data streams representing various types of information.
  • Network link 220 typically provides data communication through one or more networks to other data devices.
  • network link 220 may provide a connection through local network 222 to a host computer 224 or to data equipment operated by an Internet Service Provider (ISP) 226 .
  • ISP 226 in turn provides data communication services through the world wide packet data communication network now commonly referred to as the “Internet” 228 .
  • Internet 228 uses electrical, electromagnetic or optical signals that carry digital data streams.
  • the signals through the various networks and the signals on network link 220 and through communication interface 218 which carry the digital data to and from computer system 200 , are exemplary forms of carrier waves transporting the information.
  • Computer system 200 can send messages and receive data, including program code, through the network(s), network link 220 and communication interface 218 .
  • a server 230 might transmit a requested code for an application program through Internet 228 , ISP 226 , local network 222 and communication interface 218 .
  • the received code may be executed by processor 204 as it is received, and/or stored in storage device 210 , or other non-volatile storage for later execution. In this manner, computer system 200 may obtain application code in the form of a carrier wave.

Abstract

A database server registers an XML schema and determines a database representation for the XML schema and mapping information, determining what database types should be used to represent an XML schema and/or how instances of the XML schema are stored by a database system. The mapping information indicates the mapping between the constructs declared in the XML schema and the constructs included in the appropriate database representation. The XML schema may contain annotations that describe one or more properties of a database representation of an XML date-time type. Based on the annotations, the database determines an appropriate database representation and generates mapping information mapping the declaration of the XML date-time type of the XML schema to the constructs of the database representation.

Description

    FIELD OF THE INVENTION
  • The present invention relates to representing XML data in a database, and in particular, to representing XML data types related to date and/or times.
  • BACKGROUND
  • The approaches described in this section are approaches that could be pursued, but not necessarily approaches that have been previously conceived or pursued. Therefore, unless otherwise indicated, it should not be assumed that any of the approaches described in this section qualify as prior art merely by virtue of their inclusion in this section.
  • The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is the standard for data and documents that is finding wide acceptance in the computer industry. XML describes and provides structure to a body of data, such as a file or data packet. The XML standard provides for tags that delimit sections of XML documents referred to as XML elements.
  • Information about the structure of specific types of XML documents may be specified in documents referred to as “XML schemas”. For example, the XML schema for a particular type of XML document may specify the names for the elements contained in that type of XML document, the hierarchical relationship between the elements contained in that type of XML document, and the type of values contained in that particular type of XML document. Standards governing XML schemas include XML Schema, Part 0, Part 1, Part 2, W3C Recommendation, 2 May 2001, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference, XML Schema Part 1: Structures, Second Edition, W3C Recommendation 28 Oct. 2004, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference, and XML Schema Part 2: Datatypes Second Edition, W3C Recommendation 28 Oct. 28, 2004, the contents of which incorporated herein by reference.
  • XML Storage Mechanisms
  • Various types of storage mechanisms are used to store an XML document. One type of storage mechanism stores an XML document as a text file in a file system.
  • Another type of storage mechanism uses object-relational database systems that are enhanced to store and process queries for collections of XML documents. Furthermore, these object-relational database systems can store and manage XML documents as instances of XML schemas. To store and manage the XML documents in a database system, database representations, defined in terms of database data types handled by the database system, are used to represent XML documents.
  • For example, a database representation of an entire XML document may be a CLOB (binary large object), or maybe one or more tables whose columns store the components of an XML document in one or more rows. A database representation may be a hierarchy of objects in an object-relational database; each object is an instance of an object class and stores one or more elements of an XML document. The object class defines, for example, the structure corresponding to an element, and includes references or pointers to objects representing the immediate descendants of the element.
  • XML Date-Time Types
  • XML standards define data types, referred to herein as XML data types. Among these data types are primitive data types for representing dates and/or times, referred to herein as XML date-time types. Examples of XML date-time types include the XML primitive data types “dateTime”, “date”, “time”, and “gYearMonth”. XML standards are very flexible and permit instance values to have optional properties. For example, XML standards permit the ‘dateTime’ type instance to have an arbitrary level of precision, or to have a time Zone property, i.e. to be “with time-zone”.
  • In a database system, database types such as American National Standards Institute (“ANSI”) SQL types DATE, TIMESTAMP, and TIMESTAMP WITH TIMEZONE are used as a database representation of an XML date-time type. Database types for date and/or time values are referred to herein database date-time types. The present invention is not limited to any data type of any particular standard for database languages.
  • For database date-time types, optional properties may be declared. For example, TIMESTAMP(5) declares a timestamp with a level of precision of 5 (i.e. seconds to five decimal places).
  • Database date-time types are used for database representations of XML date-time types. When using a database date-time type as a database representation of a XML date-time type, a decision is made as to what extent the full range of options of the XML date-time type is to be supported by a database date-time type. The decision needs to strike a balance between supporting a wider range of options and using more database system resources to support the range of options. For example, the time zone property of the XML dateTime type may be supported by the TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE database type. However, this database type requires more storage space than other alternatives, such as TIMESTAMP. If XML documents stored in a database system do not include dataTime instances with time zone, then database system resources are wasted to support a feature that is not ever used. Similarly, a level of precision of 5 can be supported by using a database type of TIMESTAMP(5). However, many dataTime instances in XML documents stored in a database system may not have this level of precision.
  • Unfortunately, user requirements vary. To handle this, XML date-time types are by default represented by a general all-purpose database representation that can handle a wide range of user requirements, but not necessarily all of the user requirements. As a result, either resources are wasted to support a range of options that are seldom if ever used, or user requirements for XML date-time types are not supported in some situations.
  • Based on the forgoing, a mechanism is needed that allows use of database date-time types as database representations of XML date-time types to be tailored to particular user needs and/or circumstances.
  • BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
  • The present invention is illustrated by way of example, and not by way of limitation, in the figures of the accompanying drawings and in which like reference numerals refer to similar elements and in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a storage mechanism for storing XML data according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a computer system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION
  • In the following description, for the purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures and devices are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the present invention.
  • Function Overview
  • Various techniques are described herein for determining a database representation for an XML date-time type. The determination is made by a mechanism that registers XML schemas with the database system. During the registration of a given XML schema, a database server determines (1) a database representation for the XML schema and (2) mapping information. The database representation determination is a determination about what database-types should be used to represent an XML schema and/or how instances of the XML schema are stored by a database system. Determining the appropriate database representation for a given XML schema may involve, for example, determining the database types, database objects, collection types, constraints, and even the indexes that are to be used by a database system to store data for XML documents that conform to the given XML schema. The mapping information indicates the mapping between the constructs declared in the XML schema and the constructs included in the appropriate database representation.
  • According to an embodiment of the present invention, an XML schema may contain annotations (“date-time annotations”) that describe one or more properties of a database representation of an XML date-time type. Based on the annotations, the database determines an appropriate database representation and generates mapping information mapping the declaration of the XML date-time type of the XML schema to the constructs of the database representation.
  • System Overview
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a system that includes a mechanism for mapping XML schemas to object-relational database systems. The system includes a database server 104. A server, such as database server 104, is a combination of integrated software components and an allocation of computational resources, such as memory, one or more computers, and processes on the one or more computers that execute the integrated software components on a processor, the combination of the software and computational resources being dedicated to performing a particular function on behalf of one or more clients. A database server governs and facilitates access to a particular database, processing requests by clients to access the database.
  • Database server 104 includes an XML schema mapper 106. When an XML schema 102 is registered with database server 104, XML schema mapper 106 determines the appropriate database representation 108 for documents that conform to XML schema 102, and generates mapping information 110 that indicates the correlation between the constructs declared by the XML schema and the elements of the database representation 108.
  • According to an embodiment, an XML schema has to be first registered with database server 104 before it can be used or referenced within database server 104. After the registration process is completed, XML documents conforming to this schema (and referencing it via the schema URL within the document) can be stored and treated by database server 104 as instances of the XML schema.
  • Generation of Mapping Information
  • Once the appropriate database representation has been determined during registration of a particular XML schema, mapping information is generated to indicate the correlation between the parts of the database representation and the elements identified in the particular XML schema. The mapping information may indicate, for example, that data associated with a specific element of the XML schema should be stored in a particular column of a table that is generated as part of the appropriate database representation.
  • The mapping information enables performance benefits. For example, query performance may be improved by rewriting XPath queries to directly access the underlying columns. In addition, update performance may be improved by rewriting updates to directly update the underlying columns. Consequently, updating a portion of the XML data from a stored document would not always require rewriting the entire XML data for the stored document.
  • Date-Time Annotations
  • According to an embodiment of the present invention, date-time annotations are in the form of “annotation attributes” included in the elements of a XML schema. The attributes may belong to a namespace, such as XDB. The annotation attributes specify the database type of a database representation of an XML date-time attribute, and can specify one or more properties of the database type, such as a level of precision and with time-zone. The following declaration is provided as an illustration.
    <element name=“dob” type=“dateTime”
    xdb:SQLType=“TIMESTAMP(5) WITH TIME ZONE”/>
  • The preceding declaration is an element in an XML schema and defines an element of the type XML dateTime with a name of ‘dob’. The annotation attribute ‘xdb:SQLType’ specifies a database date-time type of TIMESTAMP with a level of precision of 5 decimal places for seconds.
  • Illustrative Schemas
  • The following schemas are provided as an illustration of the use of annotations to map XML date-time types to database representations.
    <schema xmlns=“http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema”
    xmlns:xdb=“http://xmlns.oracle.com/xdb”
    targetNamespace=“my” xmlns:my=“my”
    elementFormDefault=“qualified”>
    <element name=“Person” xdb:SQLType=“PERSON_T”
    xdb:defaultTable=“PERSON TAB”>
    <complexType>
    <sequence>
    <element name=“name” type=“string”/>
    <element name=“dob” type=“dateTime”
    xdb:SQLType=“TIMESTAMP WITH
    TIME ZONE”/>
    </sequence>
    </complexType>
    </element>
    </schema>
  • When database server 104 registers the schema, database server 104 creates the object type PERSON_T with the following attributes:
    Name Database Type
    name VARCHAR2(4000 CHAR)
    dob TIMESTAMP(6) WITH TIME ZONE
  • Once the XML schema is registered, database server 104 can store and treat XML documents as instances of the XML schema, such as the following XML document.
    <Person xmlns=“my”
    xmlns:xsi=“http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance”
    xsi:schemaLocation=“my sch1.xsd”>
    <name>foo</name>
    <dob>1973-02-12T13:44:32.342566+03:00</dob>
    </Person>
  • It is not necessary to include an annotation attribute that specifies a database representation or property thereof. For example, if the annotation attribute ‘xdb:SQLType’ is omitted by the user in the above XML schema, database server 104 uses TIMESTAMP (without time-zone) as the default database representation, causing time zone information to be ignored.
  • Various XML date-time types can be mapped to TIMESTAMPS with time zones, as is illustrated by the following example:
    <schema xmlns=“http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema”
    xmlns:xdb=“http://xmlns.oracle.com/xdb”
    targetNamespace=“my” xmlns:my=“my”
    elementFormDefault=“qualified”>
     <element name=“Root” xdb:SQLType=“ROOT_T”
     xdb:defaultTable=“ROOT_TAB”>
     <complexType>
    <sequence>
     <element name=“dt1” type=“dateTime”
     xdb:SQLType=“TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE”/>
     <element name=“t1” type=“time”
     xdb:SQLType=“TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE”/>
     <element name=“d1” type=“date”
     xdb:SQLType=“TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE”/>
     <element name=“gy1” type=“gYear”
     xdb:SQLType=“TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE”/>
     <element name=“gm1” type=“gMonth”
     xdb:SQLType=“TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE”/>
     <element name=“gd1” type=“gDay”
     xdb:SQLType=“TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE”/>
     <element name=“gym1” type=“gYearMonth”
     xdb:SQLType=“TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE”/>
     <element name=“gmd1” type=“gMonthDay”
     xdb:SQLType=“TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE”/>
    </sequence>
     </complexType>
     </element>
    </schema>
  • Once the XML schema is registered, database server 104 can store and treat XML documents as instances of the XML schema, such as the following XML document.
    <Root xmlns=“my”
    xmlns:xsi=“http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance”
    xsi:schemaLocation=“my sch2.xsd”>
    <dt1>1973-02-12T13:44:32Z</dt1>
    <t1>13:44:32Z</t1>
    <d1>1973-02-12Z</d1>
    <gy1>1973-02:00</gy1>
    <gm1>--05--Z</gm1>
    <gd1>---11Z</gd1>
    <gym1>1973-02Z</gym1>
    <gmd1>--02-12Z</gmd1>
    </Root>
  • Further, the precision of the database representation can be varied between multiple declarations within a XML schema, as illustrated in the following XML schema.
    <schema xmlns=“http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema”
     xmlns:xdb=“http://xmlns.oracle.com/xdb”
     targetNamespace=“my” xmlns:my=“my” elementFormDefault=“qualified”>
     <element name=“Root5” xdb:SQLType=“ROOT5_T” defaultTable=“ROOT5_TAB”>
     <complexType>
    <sequence>
     <element name=“dt1” type=“dateTime”/>
     <element name=“dt2” type=“dateTime” xdb:SQLType=“TIMESTAMP(0)”/>
     <element name=“dt3” type=“dateTime” xdb:SQLType=“TIMESTAMP(5)”/>
     <element name=“dt4” type=“dateTime” xdb:SQLType=“TIMESTAMP(9)”/>
     <element name=“dt5” type=“dateTime” xdb:SQLType=“TIMESTAMP(0) WITH TIME
    ZONE”/>
     <element name=“dt6” type=“dateTime” xdb:SQLType=“TIMESTAMP(5) WITH TIME
    ZONE”/>
     <element name=“dt7” type=“dateTime” xdb:SQLType=“TIMESTAMP(9) WITH TIME
    ZONE”/>
    </sequence>
     </complexType>
     </element>
    </schema>
  • Once the XML schema is registered, database server 104 can store and treat XML documents as instances of the XML schema, such as the following XML document.
    <Root5 xmlns=“my”
    xmlns:xsi=“http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance”
    xsi:schemaLocation=“my sch5.xsd”>
    <dt1>1973-02-12T13:44:32.666666666</dt1>
    <dt2>1973-02-12T13:44:32</dt2>
    <dt3>1973-02-12T13:44:32.666666666</dt3>
    <dt4>1973-02-12T13:44:32.666666666</dt4>
    <dt5>1973-02-12T13:44:32.6+04:00</dt5>
    <dt6>1973-02-12T13:44:32.666666666+04:00</dt6>
    <dt7>1973-02-12T13:44:32.666666666+04:00</dt7>
    </Root5>

    Hardware Overview
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram that illustrates a computer system 200 upon which an embodiment of the invention may be implemented. Computer system 200 includes a bus 202 or other communication mechanism for communicating information, and a processor 204 coupled with bus 202 for processing information. Computer system 200 also includes a main memory 206, such as a random access memory (RAM) or other dynamic storage device, coupled to bus 202 for storing information and instructions to be executed by processor 204. Main memory 206 also may be used for storing temporary variables or other intermediate information during execution of instructions to be executed by processor 204. Computer system 200 further includes a read only memory (ROM) 208 or other static storage device coupled to bus 202 for storing static information and instructions for processor 204. A storage device 210, such as a magnetic disk or optical disk, is provided and coupled to bus 202 for storing information and instructions.
  • Computer system 200 may be coupled via bus 202 to a display 212, such as a cathode ray tube (CRT), for displaying information to a computer user. An input device 214, including alphanumeric and other keys, is coupled to bus 202 for communicating information and command selections to processor 204. Another type of user input device is cursor control 216, such as a mouse, a trackball, or cursor direction keys for communicating direction information and command selections to processor 204 and for controlling cursor movement on display 212. This input device typically has two degrees of freedom in two axes, a first axis (e.g., x) and a second axis (e.g., y), that allows the device to specify positions in a plane.
  • The invention is related to the use of computer system 200 for implementing the techniques described herein. According to one embodiment of the invention, those techniques are performed by computer system 200 in response to processor 204 executing one or more sequences of one or more instructions contained in main memory 206. Such instructions may be read into main memory 206 from another machine-readable medium, such as storage device 210. Execution of the sequences of instructions contained in main memory 206 causes processor 204 to perform the process steps described herein. In alternative embodiments, hard-wired circuitry may be used in place of or in combination with software instructions to implement the invention. Thus, embodiments of the invention are not limited to any specific combination of hardware circuitry and software.
  • The term “machine-readable medium” as used herein refers to any medium that participates in providing data that causes a machine to operation in a specific fashion. In an embodiment implemented using computer system 200, various machine-readable media are involved, for example, in providing instructions to processor 204 for execution. Such a medium may take many forms, including but not limited to, non-volatile media, volatile media, and transmission media. Non-volatile media includes, for example, optical or magnetic disks, such as storage device 210. Volatile media includes dynamic memory, such as main memory 206. Transmission media includes coaxial cables, copper wire and fiber optics, including the wires that comprise bus 202. Transmission media can also take the form of acoustic or light waves, such as those generated during radio-wave and infra-red data communications.
  • Common forms of machine-readable media include, for example, a floppy disk, a flexible disk, hard disk, magnetic tape, or any other magnetic medium, a CD-ROM, any other optical medium, punchcards, papertape, any other physical medium with patterns of holes, a RAM, a PROM, and EPROM, a FLASH-EPROM, any other memory chip or cartridge, a carrier wave as described hereinafter, or any other medium from which a computer can read.
  • Various forms of machine-readable media may be involved in carrying one or more sequences of one or more instructions to processor 204 for execution. For example, the instructions may initially be carried on a magnetic disk of a remote computer. The remote computer can load the instructions into its dynamic memory and send the instructions over a telephone line using a modem. A modem local to computer system 200 can receive the data on the telephone line and use an infra-red transmitter to convert the data to an infra-red signal. An infra-red detector can receive the data carried in the infra-red signal and appropriate circuitry can place the data on bus 202. Bus 202 carries the data to main memory 206, from which processor 204 retrieves and executes the instructions. The instructions received by main memory 206 may optionally be stored on storage device 210 either before or after execution by processor 204.
  • Computer system 200 also includes a communication interface 218 coupled to bus 202. Communication interface 218 provides a two-way data communication coupling to a network link 220 that is connected to a local network 222. For example, communication interface 218 may be an integrated services digital network (ISDN) card or a modem to provide a data communication connection to a corresponding type of telephone-line. As another example, communication interface 218 may be a local area network (LAN) card to provide a data communication connection to a compatible LAN. Wireless links may also be implemented. In any such implementation, communication interface 218 sends and receives electrical, electromagnetic or optical signals that carry digital data streams representing various types of information.
  • Network link 220 typically provides data communication through one or more networks to other data devices. For example, network link 220 may provide a connection through local network 222 to a host computer 224 or to data equipment operated by an Internet Service Provider (ISP) 226. ISP 226 in turn provides data communication services through the world wide packet data communication network now commonly referred to as the “Internet” 228. Local network 222 and Internet 228 both use electrical, electromagnetic or optical signals that carry digital data streams. The signals through the various networks and the signals on network link 220 and through communication interface 218, which carry the digital data to and from computer system 200, are exemplary forms of carrier waves transporting the information.
  • Computer system 200 can send messages and receive data, including program code, through the network(s), network link 220 and communication interface 218. In the Internet example, a server 230 might transmit a requested code for an application program through Internet 228, ISP 226, local network 222 and communication interface 218.
  • The received code may be executed by processor 204 as it is received, and/or stored in storage device 210, or other non-volatile storage for later execution. In this manner, computer system 200 may obtain application code in the form of a carrier wave.
  • In the foregoing specification, embodiments of the invention have been described with reference to numerous specific details that may vary from implementation to implementation. Thus, the sole and exclusive indicator of what is the invention, and is intended by the applicants to be the invention, is the set of claims that issue from this application, in the specific form in which such claims issue, including any subsequent correction. Any definitions expressly set forth herein for terms contained in such claims shall govern the meaning of such terms as used in the claims. Hence, no limitation, element, property, feature, advantage or attribute that is not expressly recited in a claim should limit the scope of such claim in any way. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense.

Claims (20)

1. A method for managing XML data in a database system, comprising the steps of
a database server receiving a XML schema;
wherein said XML schema includes:
a certain declaration of a XML date-time type, and
a certain annotation associated with said certain declaration, said certain annotation specifying an aspect of a database representation of said XML date-time type;
based on the XML schema, said database server determining a database representation for storing, within said database system, documents that conform to an XML schema;
wherein said database server determining a database representation includes said database server determining, based on the certain annotation, a certain database representation for said declaration of said XML date-time type; and
said database server generating mapping data that indicates correlations between said declaration of the XML date-time and said certain database representation.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said certain annotation specifies a database date-time type to use as said database representation.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein said certain annotation specifies one of the following SQL datatypes:
TIMESTAMP;
TIMESTAMP WITH TIME ZONE; and
DATA.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein said certain annotation specifies a level of precision for time.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein said certain annotation specifies a database date-time type that has a property that indicates time zone.
6. The method of claim 2, wherein:
the XML schema includes a second declaration of a XML date-time type;
wherein the second declaration does not include a date-time annotation; and the steps further include generating a default mapping that indicates a correlation between said second declaration and another database representation.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein:
the XML schema includes a second declaration of the XML date-time type;
said second declaration includes a second annotation that defines the certain database date-time type as a database representation for said second declaration; the certain annotation and the second annotation define a property of said database date-time type; and
the certain annotation and the second annotation define a different value for said property.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein:
said certain declaration is an element within said XML schema; and
said certain annotation is an attribute of an XML schema belonging to a particular namespace.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of said database server determining a database representation and generating mapping data are performed as part of an XML schema registration operation that causes modifications within said database system.
10. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
the database server creating structures within a database based on said database representation; and
the database server storing in said structures data from XML documents that conform to said XML schema.
11. A computer-readable medium carrying one or more sequences of instructions which, when executed by one or more processors, causes the one or more processors to perform the method recited in claim 1.
12. A computer-readable medium carrying one or more sequences of instructions which, when executed by one or more processors, causes the one or more processors to perform the method recited in claim 2.
13. A computer-readable medium carrying one or more sequences of instructions which, when executed by one or more processors, causes the one or more processors to perform the method recited in claim 3.
14. A computer-readable medium carrying one or more sequences of instructions which, when executed by one or more processors, causes the one or more processors to perform the method recited in claim 4.
15. A computer-readable medium carrying one or more sequences of instructions which, when executed by one or more processors, causes the one or more processors to perform the method recited in claim 5.
16. A computer-readable medium carrying one or more sequences of instructions which, when executed by one or more processors, causes the one or more processors to perform the method recited in claim 6.
17. A computer-readable medium carrying one or more sequences of instructions which, when executed by one or more processors, causes the one or more processors to perform the method recited in claim 7.
18. A computer-readable medium carrying one or more sequences of instructions which, when executed by one or more processors, causes the one or more processors to perform the method recited in claim 8.
19. A computer-readable medium carrying one or more sequences of instructions which, when executed by one or more processors, causes the one or more processors to perform the method recited in claim 9.
20. A computer-readable medium carrying one or more sequences of instructions which, when executed by one or more processors, causes the one or more processors to perform the method recited in claim 10.
US11/202,463 2005-08-11 2005-08-11 Flexible handling of datetime XML datatype in a database system Active 2026-07-11 US7406478B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/202,463 US7406478B2 (en) 2005-08-11 2005-08-11 Flexible handling of datetime XML datatype in a database system

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US11/202,463 US7406478B2 (en) 2005-08-11 2005-08-11 Flexible handling of datetime XML datatype in a database system

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
US20070038649A1 true US20070038649A1 (en) 2007-02-15
US7406478B2 US7406478B2 (en) 2008-07-29

Family

ID=37743779

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US11/202,463 Active 2026-07-11 US7406478B2 (en) 2005-08-11 2005-08-11 Flexible handling of datetime XML datatype in a database system

Country Status (1)

Country Link
US (1) US7406478B2 (en)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060277523A1 (en) * 2005-06-06 2006-12-07 Gary Horen Annotations for tracking provenance
US20070078812A1 (en) * 2005-09-30 2007-04-05 Oracle International Corporation Delaying evaluation of expensive expressions in a query
US20080120322A1 (en) * 2006-11-17 2008-05-22 Oracle International Corporation Techniques of efficient query over text, image, audio, video and other domain specific data in XML using XML table index with integration of text index and other domain specific indexes
US20080120321A1 (en) * 2006-11-17 2008-05-22 Oracle International Corporation Techniques of efficient XML query using combination of XML table index and path/value index
US20080243916A1 (en) * 2007-03-26 2008-10-02 Oracle International Corporation Automatically determining a database representation for an abstract datatype
US20090018989A1 (en) * 2007-07-12 2009-01-15 Oracle International Corporation Using sql extensibility for processing dynamically typed xml data in xquery queries
US20100306366A1 (en) * 2009-06-02 2010-12-02 International Business Machines Corporation System for enabling rich network applications
US8024368B2 (en) 2005-10-07 2011-09-20 Oracle International Corporation Generating XML instances from flat files

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7996444B2 (en) * 2008-02-18 2011-08-09 International Business Machines Corporation Creation of pre-filters for more efficient X-path processing
EP2406934B1 (en) * 2009-03-10 2014-10-08 Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson (publ) Ip multimedia subsystem service configuration
CN107608772B (en) * 2017-08-23 2021-02-26 山东中创软件工程股份有限公司 Method and system for batch processing task configuration scheduling

Citations (84)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US624040A (en) * 1899-05-02 Charles borrows jacobs
US5295261A (en) * 1990-07-27 1994-03-15 Pacific Bell Corporation Hybrid database structure linking navigational fields having a hierarchial database structure to informational fields having a relational database structure
US5404513A (en) * 1990-03-16 1995-04-04 Dimensional Insight, Inc. Method for building a database with multi-dimensional search tree nodes
US5467471A (en) * 1993-03-10 1995-11-14 Bader; David A. Maintaining databases by means of hierarchical genealogical table
US5680614A (en) * 1992-05-20 1997-10-21 Nec Corporation Relational database management system
US5724577A (en) * 1995-06-07 1998-03-03 Lockheed Martin Corporation Method for operating a computer which searches a relational database organizer using a hierarchical database outline
US5734887A (en) * 1995-09-29 1998-03-31 International Business Machines Corporation Method and apparatus for logical data access to a physical relational database
US5878415A (en) * 1997-03-20 1999-03-02 Novell, Inc. Controlling access to objects in a hierarchical database
US5974407A (en) * 1997-09-29 1999-10-26 Sacks; Jerome E. Method and apparatus for implementing a hierarchical database management system (HDBMS) using a relational database management system (RDBMS) as the implementing apparatus
US5987506A (en) * 1996-11-22 1999-11-16 Mangosoft Corporation Remote access and geographically distributed computers in a globally addressable storage environment
US5999941A (en) * 1997-11-25 1999-12-07 Micron Electronics, Inc. Database access using active server pages
US6012067A (en) * 1998-03-02 2000-01-04 Sarkar; Shyam Sundar Method and apparatus for storing and manipulating objects in a plurality of relational data managers on the web
US6038563A (en) * 1997-10-31 2000-03-14 Sun Microsystems, Inc. System and method for restricting database access to managed object information using a permissions table that specifies access rights corresponding to user access rights to the managed objects
US6055544A (en) * 1996-03-15 2000-04-25 Inso Providence Corporation Generation of chunks of a long document for an electronic book system
US6061684A (en) * 1994-12-13 2000-05-09 Microsoft Corporation Method and system for controlling user access to a resource in a networked computing environment
US6128610A (en) * 1996-07-09 2000-10-03 Oracle Corporation Index with entries that store the key of a row and all non-key values of the row
US6141655A (en) * 1997-09-23 2000-10-31 At&T Corp Method and apparatus for optimizing and structuring data by designing a cube forest data structure for hierarchically split cube forest template
US6154741A (en) * 1999-01-29 2000-11-28 Feldman; Daniel J. Entitlement management and access control system
US6199195B1 (en) * 1999-07-08 2001-03-06 Science Application International Corporation Automatically generated objects within extensible object frameworks and links to enterprise resources
US6208993B1 (en) * 1996-07-26 2001-03-27 Ori Software Development Ltd. Method for organizing directories
US6236988B1 (en) * 1997-09-05 2001-05-22 International Business Machines Corp. Data retrieval system
US6263332B1 (en) * 1998-08-14 2001-07-17 Vignette Corporation System and method for query processing of structured documents
US6269380B1 (en) * 1998-08-31 2001-07-31 Xerox Corporation Property based mechanism for flexibility supporting front-end and back-end components having different communication protocols
US6279006B1 (en) * 1998-04-14 2001-08-21 Fujitsu Limited Structured data management system and computer-readable recording medium storing structured data management program
US6279007B1 (en) * 1998-11-30 2001-08-21 Microsoft Corporation Architecture for managing query friendly hierarchical values
US6298349B1 (en) * 1997-08-20 2001-10-02 International Business Machines Corp. System resource display apparatus and method thereof
US6343287B1 (en) * 1999-05-19 2002-01-29 Sun Microsystems, Inc. External data store link for a profile service
US20020015042A1 (en) * 2000-08-07 2002-02-07 Robotham John S. Visual content browsing using rasterized representations
US6356920B1 (en) * 1998-03-09 2002-03-12 X-Aware, Inc Dynamic, hierarchical data exchange system
US20020035606A1 (en) * 2000-05-18 2002-03-21 Kenton Stephen J. Method and system for straight through processing
US20020038358A1 (en) * 2000-08-08 2002-03-28 Sweatt Millard E. Method and system for remote television replay control
US6366934B1 (en) * 1998-10-08 2002-04-02 International Business Machines Corporation Method and apparatus for querying structured documents using a database extender
US6370537B1 (en) * 1999-01-14 2002-04-09 Altoweb, Inc. System and method for the manipulation and display of structured data
US20020056025A1 (en) * 2000-11-07 2002-05-09 Qiu Chaoxin C. Systems and methods for management of memory
US20020087510A1 (en) * 2000-09-20 2002-07-04 Weinberg Paul N. Method and apparatus for structuring, maintaining, and using families of data
US6418448B1 (en) * 1999-12-06 2002-07-09 Shyam Sundar Sarkar Method and apparatus for processing markup language specifications for data and metadata used inside multiple related internet documents to navigate, query and manipulate information from a plurality of object relational databases over the web
US20020116371A1 (en) * 1999-12-06 2002-08-22 David Dodds System and method for the storage, indexing and retrieval of XML documents using relation databases
US20020120685A1 (en) * 1999-06-01 2002-08-29 Alok Srivastava System for dynamically invoking remote network services using service descriptions stored in a service registry
US20020124100A1 (en) * 1999-05-20 2002-09-05 Jeffrey B Adams Method and apparatus for access to, and delivery of, multimedia information
US20020123993A1 (en) * 1999-12-02 2002-09-05 Chau Hoang K. XML document processing
US6449620B1 (en) * 2000-03-02 2002-09-10 Nimble Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus for generating information pages using semi-structured data stored in a structured manner
US20020143512A1 (en) * 2001-03-30 2002-10-03 Eiji Shamoto System simulator, simulation method and simulation program
US6470344B1 (en) * 1999-05-29 2002-10-22 Oracle Corporation Buffering a hierarchical index of multi-dimensional data
US20020156811A1 (en) * 2000-05-23 2002-10-24 Krupa Kenneth A. System and method for converting an XML data structure into a relational database
US20020169788A1 (en) * 2000-02-16 2002-11-14 Wang-Chien Lee System and method for automatic loading of an XML document defined by a document-type definition into a relational database including the generation of a relational schema therefor
US6487546B1 (en) * 1998-08-27 2002-11-26 Oracle Corporation Apparatus and method for aggregate indexes
US20020184401A1 (en) * 2000-10-20 2002-12-05 Kadel Richard William Extensible information system
US20020184188A1 (en) * 2001-01-22 2002-12-05 Srinivas Mandyam Method for extracting content from structured or unstructured text documents
US6496842B1 (en) * 1999-05-28 2002-12-17 Survol Interactive Technologies Navigating heirarchically organized information
US20030004937A1 (en) * 2001-05-15 2003-01-02 Jukka-Pekka Salmenkaita Method and business process to maintain privacy in distributed recommendation systems
US20030009361A1 (en) * 2000-10-23 2003-01-09 Hancock Brian D. Method and system for interfacing with a shipping service
US20030033285A1 (en) * 1999-02-18 2003-02-13 Neema Jalali Mechanism to efficiently index structured data that provides hierarchical access in a relational database system
US20030065659A1 (en) * 2001-09-28 2003-04-03 Oracle Corporation Providing a consistent hierarchical abstraction of relational data
US20030093672A1 (en) * 2001-06-29 2003-05-15 Bruce Cichowlas System for and methods of administration of access control to numerous resources and objects
US6571231B2 (en) * 1999-02-18 2003-05-27 Oracle Corporation Maintenance of hierarchical index in relational system
US20030101194A1 (en) * 2001-11-01 2003-05-29 Michael Rys System and method for loading hierarchical data into relational database systems
US6574655B1 (en) * 1999-06-29 2003-06-03 Thomson Licensing Sa Associative management of multimedia assets and associated resources using multi-domain agent-based communication between heterogeneous peers
US6584459B1 (en) * 1998-10-08 2003-06-24 International Business Machines Corporation Database extender for storing, querying, and retrieving structured documents
US20030131073A1 (en) * 2001-03-14 2003-07-10 Lucovsky Mark H. Schema-based services for identity-based data access
US6604100B1 (en) * 2000-02-09 2003-08-05 At&T Corp. Method for converting relational data into a structured document
US20030154204A1 (en) * 2002-01-14 2003-08-14 Kathy Chen-Wright System and method for a hierarchical database management system for educational training and competency testing simulations
US20030158897A1 (en) * 2000-05-09 2003-08-21 Viryanet Ltd. Networked platform for creating and supporting communities
US20030172135A1 (en) * 2000-09-01 2003-09-11 Mark Bobick System, method, and data structure for packaging assets for processing and distribution on multi-tiered networks
US20030182624A1 (en) * 2002-03-14 2003-09-25 Openwave Systems Inc. Method and apparatus for developing web services using standard logical interfaces to support multiple markup languages
US20030204481A1 (en) * 2001-07-31 2003-10-30 International Business Machines Corporation Method and system for visually constructing XML schemas using an object-oriented model
US20040043758A1 (en) * 2002-08-29 2004-03-04 Nokia Corporation System and method for providing context sensitive recommendations to digital services
US20040064466A1 (en) * 2002-09-27 2004-04-01 Oracle International Corporation Techniques for rewriting XML queries directed to relational database constructs
US6718322B1 (en) * 1998-10-02 2004-04-06 Ncr Corporation SQL-based analytic algorithm for rule induction
US6725212B2 (en) * 2001-08-31 2004-04-20 International Business Machines Corporation Platform-independent method and system for graphically presenting the evaluation of a query in a database management system
US6754661B1 (en) * 1999-07-13 2004-06-22 Microsoft Corporation Hierarchical storage systems for holding evidentiary objects and methods of creating and operating upon hierarchical storage systems
US6772350B1 (en) * 1998-05-15 2004-08-03 E.Piphany, Inc. System and method for controlling access to resources in a distributed environment
US6785673B1 (en) * 2000-02-09 2004-08-31 At&T Corp. Method for converting relational data into XML
US20040176958A1 (en) * 2002-02-04 2004-09-09 Jukka-Pekka Salmenkaita System and method for multimodal short-cuts to digital sevices
US20040220927A1 (en) * 2003-05-01 2004-11-04 Oracle International Corporation Techniques for retaining hierarchical information in mapping between XML documents and relational data
US20040220912A1 (en) * 2003-05-01 2004-11-04 Oracle International Corporation Techniques for changing xml content in a relational database
US20040225680A1 (en) * 2003-05-08 2004-11-11 Kim Cameron Declarative rules for metadirectory
US6826727B1 (en) * 1999-11-24 2004-11-30 Bitstream Inc. Apparatus, methods, programming for automatically laying out documents
US6826857B1 (en) * 2002-11-14 2004-12-07 Anders Bachmann Perpetual calendar
US20050010896A1 (en) * 2003-07-07 2005-01-13 International Business Machines Corporation Universal format transformation between relational database management systems and extensible markup language using XML relational transformation
US20050050092A1 (en) * 2003-08-25 2005-03-03 Oracle International Corporation Direct loading of semistructured data
US20050050058A1 (en) * 2003-08-25 2005-03-03 Oracle International Corporation Direct loading of opaque types
US6871204B2 (en) * 2000-09-07 2005-03-22 Oracle International Corporation Apparatus and method for mapping relational data and metadata to XML
US20050144556A1 (en) * 2003-12-31 2005-06-30 Petersen Peter H. XML schema token extension for XML document compression
US20060031233A1 (en) * 2004-08-06 2006-02-09 Oracle International Corporation Technique of using XMLType tree as the type infrastructure for XML

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US8700458B2 (en) 1989-05-01 2014-04-15 Catalina Marketing Corporation System, method, and database for processing transactions
US6240407B1 (en) 1998-04-29 2001-05-29 International Business Machines Corp. Method and apparatus for creating an index in a database system
US7031956B1 (en) 2000-02-16 2006-04-18 Verizon Laboratories Inc. System and method for synchronizing and/or updating an existing relational database with supplemental XML data
WO2002069172A1 (en) 2001-02-22 2002-09-06 Didera, Inc. Systems and methods for managing distributed database resources
US6542911B2 (en) 2001-03-01 2003-04-01 Sun Microsystems, Inc. Method and apparatus for freeing memory from an extensible markup language document object model tree active in an application cache
US6836857B2 (en) 2001-10-18 2004-12-28 Sun Microsystems, Inc. Mechanism for debugging a computer process
US20040148278A1 (en) 2003-01-22 2004-07-29 Amir Milo System and method for providing content warehouse
US7519577B2 (en) 2003-06-23 2009-04-14 Microsoft Corporation Query intermediate language method and system
US7516121B2 (en) 2004-06-23 2009-04-07 Oracle International Corporation Efficient evaluation of queries using translation

Patent Citations (94)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US624040A (en) * 1899-05-02 Charles borrows jacobs
US5404513A (en) * 1990-03-16 1995-04-04 Dimensional Insight, Inc. Method for building a database with multi-dimensional search tree nodes
US5295261A (en) * 1990-07-27 1994-03-15 Pacific Bell Corporation Hybrid database structure linking navigational fields having a hierarchial database structure to informational fields having a relational database structure
US5680614A (en) * 1992-05-20 1997-10-21 Nec Corporation Relational database management system
US5467471A (en) * 1993-03-10 1995-11-14 Bader; David A. Maintaining databases by means of hierarchical genealogical table
US6061684A (en) * 1994-12-13 2000-05-09 Microsoft Corporation Method and system for controlling user access to a resource in a networked computing environment
US5724577A (en) * 1995-06-07 1998-03-03 Lockheed Martin Corporation Method for operating a computer which searches a relational database organizer using a hierarchical database outline
US5734887A (en) * 1995-09-29 1998-03-31 International Business Machines Corporation Method and apparatus for logical data access to a physical relational database
US6055544A (en) * 1996-03-15 2000-04-25 Inso Providence Corporation Generation of chunks of a long document for an electronic book system
US6128610A (en) * 1996-07-09 2000-10-03 Oracle Corporation Index with entries that store the key of a row and all non-key values of the row
US6208993B1 (en) * 1996-07-26 2001-03-27 Ori Software Development Ltd. Method for organizing directories
US5987506A (en) * 1996-11-22 1999-11-16 Mangosoft Corporation Remote access and geographically distributed computers in a globally addressable storage environment
US5878415A (en) * 1997-03-20 1999-03-02 Novell, Inc. Controlling access to objects in a hierarchical database
US6298349B1 (en) * 1997-08-20 2001-10-02 International Business Machines Corp. System resource display apparatus and method thereof
US6236988B1 (en) * 1997-09-05 2001-05-22 International Business Machines Corp. Data retrieval system
US6141655A (en) * 1997-09-23 2000-10-31 At&T Corp Method and apparatus for optimizing and structuring data by designing a cube forest data structure for hierarchically split cube forest template
US5974407A (en) * 1997-09-29 1999-10-26 Sacks; Jerome E. Method and apparatus for implementing a hierarchical database management system (HDBMS) using a relational database management system (RDBMS) as the implementing apparatus
US6038563A (en) * 1997-10-31 2000-03-14 Sun Microsystems, Inc. System and method for restricting database access to managed object information using a permissions table that specifies access rights corresponding to user access rights to the managed objects
US5999941A (en) * 1997-11-25 1999-12-07 Micron Electronics, Inc. Database access using active server pages
US6012067A (en) * 1998-03-02 2000-01-04 Sarkar; Shyam Sundar Method and apparatus for storing and manipulating objects in a plurality of relational data managers on the web
US6356920B1 (en) * 1998-03-09 2002-03-12 X-Aware, Inc Dynamic, hierarchical data exchange system
US6279006B1 (en) * 1998-04-14 2001-08-21 Fujitsu Limited Structured data management system and computer-readable recording medium storing structured data management program
US6772350B1 (en) * 1998-05-15 2004-08-03 E.Piphany, Inc. System and method for controlling access to resources in a distributed environment
US6263332B1 (en) * 1998-08-14 2001-07-17 Vignette Corporation System and method for query processing of structured documents
US6438540B2 (en) * 1998-08-14 2002-08-20 Vignette Corporation Automatic query and transformative process
US20020198874A1 (en) * 1998-08-14 2002-12-26 Nasr Roger I. Automatic query and transformative process
US6487546B1 (en) * 1998-08-27 2002-11-26 Oracle Corporation Apparatus and method for aggregate indexes
US6269380B1 (en) * 1998-08-31 2001-07-31 Xerox Corporation Property based mechanism for flexibility supporting front-end and back-end components having different communication protocols
US6718322B1 (en) * 1998-10-02 2004-04-06 Ncr Corporation SQL-based analytic algorithm for rule induction
US6584459B1 (en) * 1998-10-08 2003-06-24 International Business Machines Corporation Database extender for storing, querying, and retrieving structured documents
US6366934B1 (en) * 1998-10-08 2002-04-02 International Business Machines Corporation Method and apparatus for querying structured documents using a database extender
US6279007B1 (en) * 1998-11-30 2001-08-21 Microsoft Corporation Architecture for managing query friendly hierarchical values
US6370537B1 (en) * 1999-01-14 2002-04-09 Altoweb, Inc. System and method for the manipulation and display of structured data
US6154741A (en) * 1999-01-29 2000-11-28 Feldman; Daniel J. Entitlement management and access control system
US20030033285A1 (en) * 1999-02-18 2003-02-13 Neema Jalali Mechanism to efficiently index structured data that provides hierarchical access in a relational database system
US6571231B2 (en) * 1999-02-18 2003-05-27 Oracle Corporation Maintenance of hierarchical index in relational system
US6343287B1 (en) * 1999-05-19 2002-01-29 Sun Microsystems, Inc. External data store link for a profile service
US20020124100A1 (en) * 1999-05-20 2002-09-05 Jeffrey B Adams Method and apparatus for access to, and delivery of, multimedia information
US6496842B1 (en) * 1999-05-28 2002-12-17 Survol Interactive Technologies Navigating heirarchically organized information
US6470344B1 (en) * 1999-05-29 2002-10-22 Oracle Corporation Buffering a hierarchical index of multi-dimensional data
US20020120685A1 (en) * 1999-06-01 2002-08-29 Alok Srivastava System for dynamically invoking remote network services using service descriptions stored in a service registry
US6574655B1 (en) * 1999-06-29 2003-06-03 Thomson Licensing Sa Associative management of multimedia assets and associated resources using multi-domain agent-based communication between heterogeneous peers
US6199195B1 (en) * 1999-07-08 2001-03-06 Science Application International Corporation Automatically generated objects within extensible object frameworks and links to enterprise resources
US6754661B1 (en) * 1999-07-13 2004-06-22 Microsoft Corporation Hierarchical storage systems for holding evidentiary objects and methods of creating and operating upon hierarchical storage systems
US6826727B1 (en) * 1999-11-24 2004-11-30 Bitstream Inc. Apparatus, methods, programming for automatically laying out documents
US6636845B2 (en) * 1999-12-02 2003-10-21 International Business Machines Corporation Generating one or more XML documents from a single SQL query
US20020156772A1 (en) * 1999-12-02 2002-10-24 International Business Machines Generating one or more XML documents from a single SQL query
US6643633B2 (en) * 1999-12-02 2003-11-04 International Business Machines Corporation Storing fragmented XML data into a relational database by decomposing XML documents with application specific mappings
US20020133484A1 (en) * 1999-12-02 2002-09-19 International Business Machines Corporation Storing fragmented XML data into a relational database by decomposing XML documents with application specific mappings
US20020123993A1 (en) * 1999-12-02 2002-09-05 Chau Hoang K. XML document processing
US6721727B2 (en) * 1999-12-02 2004-04-13 International Business Machines Corporation XML documents stored as column data
US20030014397A1 (en) * 1999-12-02 2003-01-16 International Business Machines Corporation Generating one or more XML documents from a relational database using XPath data model
US20020116371A1 (en) * 1999-12-06 2002-08-22 David Dodds System and method for the storage, indexing and retrieval of XML documents using relation databases
US6418448B1 (en) * 1999-12-06 2002-07-09 Shyam Sundar Sarkar Method and apparatus for processing markup language specifications for data and metadata used inside multiple related internet documents to navigate, query and manipulate information from a plurality of object relational databases over the web
US6604100B1 (en) * 2000-02-09 2003-08-05 At&T Corp. Method for converting relational data into a structured document
US6785673B1 (en) * 2000-02-09 2004-08-31 At&T Corp. Method for converting relational data into XML
US20020169788A1 (en) * 2000-02-16 2002-11-14 Wang-Chien Lee System and method for automatic loading of an XML document defined by a document-type definition into a relational database including the generation of a relational schema therefor
US6449620B1 (en) * 2000-03-02 2002-09-10 Nimble Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus for generating information pages using semi-structured data stored in a structured manner
US20030158897A1 (en) * 2000-05-09 2003-08-21 Viryanet Ltd. Networked platform for creating and supporting communities
US20020035606A1 (en) * 2000-05-18 2002-03-21 Kenton Stephen J. Method and system for straight through processing
US20020156811A1 (en) * 2000-05-23 2002-10-24 Krupa Kenneth A. System and method for converting an XML data structure into a relational database
US20020015042A1 (en) * 2000-08-07 2002-02-07 Robotham John S. Visual content browsing using rasterized representations
US20020038358A1 (en) * 2000-08-08 2002-03-28 Sweatt Millard E. Method and system for remote television replay control
US20030172135A1 (en) * 2000-09-01 2003-09-11 Mark Bobick System, method, and data structure for packaging assets for processing and distribution on multi-tiered networks
US6871204B2 (en) * 2000-09-07 2005-03-22 Oracle International Corporation Apparatus and method for mapping relational data and metadata to XML
US20020087510A1 (en) * 2000-09-20 2002-07-04 Weinberg Paul N. Method and apparatus for structuring, maintaining, and using families of data
US20020184401A1 (en) * 2000-10-20 2002-12-05 Kadel Richard William Extensible information system
US20030009361A1 (en) * 2000-10-23 2003-01-09 Hancock Brian D. Method and system for interfacing with a shipping service
US20020056025A1 (en) * 2000-11-07 2002-05-09 Qiu Chaoxin C. Systems and methods for management of memory
US20020184188A1 (en) * 2001-01-22 2002-12-05 Srinivas Mandyam Method for extracting content from structured or unstructured text documents
US20030131073A1 (en) * 2001-03-14 2003-07-10 Lucovsky Mark H. Schema-based services for identity-based data access
US20020143512A1 (en) * 2001-03-30 2002-10-03 Eiji Shamoto System simulator, simulation method and simulation program
US20030004937A1 (en) * 2001-05-15 2003-01-02 Jukka-Pekka Salmenkaita Method and business process to maintain privacy in distributed recommendation systems
US20030093672A1 (en) * 2001-06-29 2003-05-15 Bruce Cichowlas System for and methods of administration of access control to numerous resources and objects
US20030204481A1 (en) * 2001-07-31 2003-10-30 International Business Machines Corporation Method and system for visually constructing XML schemas using an object-oriented model
US6725212B2 (en) * 2001-08-31 2004-04-20 International Business Machines Corporation Platform-independent method and system for graphically presenting the evaluation of a query in a database management system
US20030065659A1 (en) * 2001-09-28 2003-04-03 Oracle Corporation Providing a consistent hierarchical abstraction of relational data
US20030140308A1 (en) * 2001-09-28 2003-07-24 Ravi Murthy Mechanism for mapping XML schemas to object-relational database systems
US20030101194A1 (en) * 2001-11-01 2003-05-29 Michael Rys System and method for loading hierarchical data into relational database systems
US20030154204A1 (en) * 2002-01-14 2003-08-14 Kathy Chen-Wright System and method for a hierarchical database management system for educational training and competency testing simulations
US20040176958A1 (en) * 2002-02-04 2004-09-09 Jukka-Pekka Salmenkaita System and method for multimodal short-cuts to digital sevices
US20030182624A1 (en) * 2002-03-14 2003-09-25 Openwave Systems Inc. Method and apparatus for developing web services using standard logical interfaces to support multiple markup languages
US20040043758A1 (en) * 2002-08-29 2004-03-04 Nokia Corporation System and method for providing context sensitive recommendations to digital services
US20040064466A1 (en) * 2002-09-27 2004-04-01 Oracle International Corporation Techniques for rewriting XML queries directed to relational database constructs
US6826857B1 (en) * 2002-11-14 2004-12-07 Anders Bachmann Perpetual calendar
US20040220912A1 (en) * 2003-05-01 2004-11-04 Oracle International Corporation Techniques for changing xml content in a relational database
US6836778B2 (en) * 2003-05-01 2004-12-28 Oracle International Corporation Techniques for changing XML content in a relational database
US20040220927A1 (en) * 2003-05-01 2004-11-04 Oracle International Corporation Techniques for retaining hierarchical information in mapping between XML documents and relational data
US20040225680A1 (en) * 2003-05-08 2004-11-11 Kim Cameron Declarative rules for metadirectory
US20050010896A1 (en) * 2003-07-07 2005-01-13 International Business Machines Corporation Universal format transformation between relational database management systems and extensible markup language using XML relational transformation
US20050050092A1 (en) * 2003-08-25 2005-03-03 Oracle International Corporation Direct loading of semistructured data
US20050050058A1 (en) * 2003-08-25 2005-03-03 Oracle International Corporation Direct loading of opaque types
US20050144556A1 (en) * 2003-12-31 2005-06-30 Petersen Peter H. XML schema token extension for XML document compression
US20060031233A1 (en) * 2004-08-06 2006-02-09 Oracle International Corporation Technique of using XMLType tree as the type infrastructure for XML

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20060277523A1 (en) * 2005-06-06 2006-12-07 Gary Horen Annotations for tracking provenance
US7610545B2 (en) * 2005-06-06 2009-10-27 Bea Systems, Inc. Annotations for tracking provenance
US7877379B2 (en) 2005-09-30 2011-01-25 Oracle International Corporation Delaying evaluation of expensive expressions in a query
US20070078812A1 (en) * 2005-09-30 2007-04-05 Oracle International Corporation Delaying evaluation of expensive expressions in a query
US8024368B2 (en) 2005-10-07 2011-09-20 Oracle International Corporation Generating XML instances from flat files
US20080120322A1 (en) * 2006-11-17 2008-05-22 Oracle International Corporation Techniques of efficient query over text, image, audio, video and other domain specific data in XML using XML table index with integration of text index and other domain specific indexes
US20080120321A1 (en) * 2006-11-17 2008-05-22 Oracle International Corporation Techniques of efficient XML query using combination of XML table index and path/value index
US9436779B2 (en) 2006-11-17 2016-09-06 Oracle International Corporation Techniques of efficient XML query using combination of XML table index and path/value index
US8478760B2 (en) 2006-11-17 2013-07-02 Oracle International Corporation Techniques of efficient query over text, image, audio, video and other domain specific data in XML using XML table index with integration of text index and other domain specific indexes
US20080243916A1 (en) * 2007-03-26 2008-10-02 Oracle International Corporation Automatically determining a database representation for an abstract datatype
US7860899B2 (en) * 2007-03-26 2010-12-28 Oracle International Corporation Automatically determining a database representation for an abstract datatype
US7836066B2 (en) 2007-07-12 2010-11-16 Oracle International Corporation Using SQL extensibility for processing dynamically typed XML data in XQuery queries
US20090018989A1 (en) * 2007-07-12 2009-01-15 Oracle International Corporation Using sql extensibility for processing dynamically typed xml data in xquery queries
US20100306366A1 (en) * 2009-06-02 2010-12-02 International Business Machines Corporation System for enabling rich network applications
US8516111B2 (en) 2009-06-02 2013-08-20 International Business Machines Corporation System for enabling rich network applications
US9497248B2 (en) * 2009-06-02 2016-11-15 International Business Machines Corporation System for enabling rich network applications

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US7406478B2 (en) 2008-07-29

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US7406478B2 (en) Flexible handling of datetime XML datatype in a database system
US20200342044A1 (en) Managing compound xml documents in a repository
US9330149B2 (en) Techniques for query and DML over relational tables using spreadsheet applications
US7096224B2 (en) Mechanism for mapping XML schemas to object-relational database systems
US7386568B2 (en) Techniques for partial rewrite of XPath queries in a relational database
US7747580B2 (en) Direct loading of opaque types
US6377953B1 (en) Database having an integrated transformation engine using pickling and unpickling of data
US7668806B2 (en) Processing queries against one or more markup language sources
US7814047B2 (en) Direct loading of semistructured data
US9460064B2 (en) Efficient piece-wise updates of binary encoded XML data
US7523131B2 (en) Techniques for efficiently storing and querying in a relational database, XML documents conforming to schemas that contain cyclic constructs
US7260585B2 (en) Apparatus and method for mapping relational data and metadata to XML
US7873649B2 (en) Method and mechanism for identifying transaction on a row of data
AU2002334706A1 (en) Mechanism for mapping XML schemas to object-relational database systems
US20110184969A1 (en) Techniques for fast and scalable xml generation and aggregation over binary xml
US8219569B2 (en) In-place evolution of XML schemes
US8073841B2 (en) Optimizing correlated XML extracts
US7395271B2 (en) Mechanism to enable evolving XML schema
US20110047193A1 (en) Managing compound xml documents in a repository
AU2001290693B2 (en) Method and apparatus for XML data storage, query rewrites, visualization, mapping and references
US9367642B2 (en) Flexible storage of XML collections within an object-relational database
US7849106B1 (en) Efficient mechanism to support user defined resource metadata in a database repository
US20110282912A1 (en) System to disclose the internal structure of persistent database objects
US7801856B2 (en) Using XML for flexible replication of complex types
US8407209B2 (en) Utilizing path IDs for name and namespace searches

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: ORACLE INTERNATIONAL CORPORATION, CALIFORNIA

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST;ASSIGNORS:AGRAWAL, ABHYUDAYA;MURTHY, RAVI;CHANDRASEKAR, SIVASANKARAN;AND OTHERS;REEL/FRAME:016892/0227;SIGNING DATES FROM 20050728 TO 20050805

STCF Information on status: patent grant

Free format text: PATENTED CASE

CC Certificate of correction
FPAY Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 4

FPAY Fee payment

Year of fee payment: 8

MAFP Maintenance fee payment

Free format text: PAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEE, 12TH YEAR, LARGE ENTITY (ORIGINAL EVENT CODE: M1553); ENTITY STATUS OF PATENT OWNER: LARGE ENTITY

Year of fee payment: 12