US20030196166A1 - Methods and apparatuses for display and traversing of links in page character array - Google Patents
Methods and apparatuses for display and traversing of links in page character array Download PDFInfo
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- US20030196166A1 US20030196166A1 US10/443,683 US44368303A US2003196166A1 US 20030196166 A1 US20030196166 A1 US 20030196166A1 US 44368303 A US44368303 A US 44368303A US 2003196166 A1 US2003196166 A1 US 2003196166A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/048—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI]
- G06F3/0487—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser
- G06F3/0489—Interaction techniques based on graphical user interfaces [GUI] using specific features provided by the input device, e.g. functions controlled by the rotation of a mouse with dual sensing arrangements, or of the nature of the input device, e.g. tap gestures based on pressure sensed by a digitiser using dedicated keyboard keys or combinations thereof
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F16/00—Information retrieval; Database structures therefor; File system structures therefor
- G06F16/90—Details of database functions independent of the retrieved data types
- G06F16/95—Retrieval from the web
- G06F16/957—Browsing optimisation, e.g. caching or content distillation
- G06F16/9577—Optimising the visualization of content, e.g. distillation of HTML documents
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
- G06F3/01—Input arrangements or combined input and output arrangements for interaction between user and computer
- G06F3/02—Input arrangements using manually operated switches, e.g. using keyboards or dials
- G06F3/023—Arrangements for converting discrete items of information into a coded form, e.g. arrangements for interpreting keyboard generated codes as alphanumeric codes, operand codes or instruction codes
- G06F3/0238—Programmable keyboards
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
- H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
- H04M1/72—Mobile telephones; Cordless telephones, i.e. devices for establishing wireless links to base stations without route selection
- H04M1/724—User interfaces specially adapted for cordless or mobile telephones
Definitions
- the present invention pertains to the field of browsers for displaying page character arrays, such as HTML web pages, which have link characters representing links to other page character arrays.
- page character arrays such as HTML web pages
- link characters representing links to other page character arrays.
- small display devices such as cellular telephones.
- handheld devices have relatively small displays for providing information to users.
- handheld devices are designed to be mobile, light weight, and small, which necessitates a relatively small display.
- a cellular telephone is an example of a handheld device having a small display.
- the cellular telephone's small display provides only enough space for a few lines of text which may include a name and a telephone number. Large amounts of text are not easily provided on a small display.
- users of handheld devices may require more information than can be easily provided on a small display.
- a typical user may want to have information that requires extensive text such as weather forecasts, driving directions, or stock updates. This type of information generally requires numerous lines of text that may not fit on a small display.
- a user may desire to access an internet page having a variety of fonts identifying links or other usable information. Large amounts of information may be obtained from remote locations, such as servers on the internet, which are accessible by a handheld device, but the amount of information provided to a user is limited by the small display of the handheld device.
- page character arrays containing, for example, HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) code or another descriptor language's code, such as HDML, WML, SGML, or XML. Any device, such as a browser, attempting to display web pages must be able to interpret the codes in the page character arrays that describe the web pages.
- a link character is a type of character in page character array describing a web page that represents a pointer to another web page specified by another page character array.
- web pages include “link bars” which are a series of several links placed adjacently or in close proximity to one another.
- the links in the link bars are sometimes separated by vertical bars, placed on separate lines, or include blank spaces between them.
- all the links can not fit on a single line due to the limited width of the display. This results in a confusing and visually displeasing result on the small screen device.
- Conventional browsers display link characters in page character arrays as blue underlined text. Groups of links are conventionally constructed of links characters separated by separator bars and/or blank spaces. Conventional browsers make no attempt to optimize the display of groups of links based upon the display size or hardware configuration of the machine running the browser. Conventional browsers make no attempt to provide a mechanism, other than cursor pointing and clicking, by which the user can select a link.
- An object of the present invention is to optimize the display of groups of links for small screen displays. Another object of the present invention is to provide an efficient link selection mechanism for machines which do not have cursor pointing and clicking capabilities.
- a method for processing a page character array finds links and creates link groups containing adjacent link characters. Adjacency of link characters is preferably defined as characters which are separated by any combination of no characters, blank space characters, line feed characters, or separator characters, such as vertical or horizontal separator bars or other separator characters. By filtering out line feeds, links which would conventionally be display as vertical link lists are detected and grouped as a link groups for optimized display according to the present invention.
- link groups have been defined, the method lays out each link group for display in an optimized form.
- links are displayed as buttons.
- An optimized form of display according to the present invention includes centering all the buttons in a vertical list.
- Another optimized form of display according to the present invention includes laying out the link group as a rectangular matrix of buttons.
- each of the links in a link group are logically mapped to a distinct user input. For example, if a link group consists of nine links, then each of the links is mapped to one of the nine keys 1 through 9. If the link group is currently being displayed, then by pressing any of the keys 1 through 9, the machine traverses the corresponding link. As another example, in a machine with a microphone, each of the links is mapped to a specific voice command. This voice command mapping is alternatively coupled with the keystroke mapping. Thus, the user either presses the 3 key or says the word “three” to instruct the machine to traverse the third link in a link group.
- the logical mapping of links to a distinct user input provides a mechanism for selecting the link which was not specified by the page character array, but rather which is intelligently instantiated according to the present invention.
- the logical mapping aspect and optimized display aspect of the present invention are optionally combined for certain types of hardware.
- the links are laid out on the display screen in a three by three rectangular matrix such that the upper left link corresponds to the key 1 and the lower right link corresponds to the key 9.
- the links are displayed near the keys, or in horizontal and/or vertical alignment with the keys, so that the key to which a link is mapped is apparent from its position on the display screen.
- the name of key or command to which a link is mapped is displayed within or beside the button containing the name of the link; thus, additional information not specified in the page character array is interjected into the display according to the present invention to facilitate link selection.
- FIG. 1A illustrates a cellular telephone having software according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1B illustrates a block diagram of a device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a software and hardware block layer diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a page character array used as input to the methods according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a conventional browser's display screen appearance after displaying the page character array shown in FIG. 3.
- FIG. 5 illustrates a method of processing a page character array according to the present invention.
- FIG. 6 illustrates a display screen appearance after displaying the page character array shown in FIG. 3 using a method according to the present invention shown in FIGS. 5 and 13.
- FIG. 7 illustrates an input device to link correspondence table generated by a method according to the present invention shown in FIGS. 5 and 15 for the page character array shown in FIG. 3 and the display screen appearance shown in FIG. 6.
- FIG. 8 illustrates a method of implementing the step shown in FIG. 5 of finding links and creating link groups according to the present invention.
- FIG. 9 illustrates a continuation of the page character array shown in FIG. 3 used as input to the methods according to the present invention.
- FIG. 10A illustrates a link group extracted from the page character array shown in FIG. 3 by a method according to the present invention shown in FIG. 8.
- FIG. 10B illustrates another link group extracted from the page character array shown in FIGS. 3 and 9 by a method according to the present invention shown in FIG. 8.
- FIG. 11 illustrates an intermediate page character array generated from the page character array shown in FIGS. 3 and 9 by a method according to the present invention shown in FIG. 8.
- FIG. 12 illustrates a conventional browser's display screen appearance after displaying the page character array shown in FIG. 9.
- FIG. 13 illustrates a method of implementing the step shown in FIG. 5 of laying out link groups for a display screen in an optimized form according to the present invention.
- FIG. 14 illustrates a display screen appearance after displaying the page character array shown in FIG. 9 using a method according to the present invention shown in FIGS. 5 and 13.
- FIG. 15 illustrates a method of implementing the step shown in FIG. 5 of logically mapping link groups to the distinct user input according to the present invention.
- FIG. 16 illustrates a display screen appearance in relation to input device keys after displaying the page character array shown in FIG. 3 using a method according to the present invention shown in FIGS. 5 and 13.
- FIG. 17 illustrates an input device to link correspondence table generated by a method according to the present invention shown in FIGS. 5 and 15 for the page character array shown in FIG. 3 and the display screen appearance shown in FIG. 16.
- FIG. 18 illustrates a display screen appearance after displaying the page character array shown in FIG. 3 using a method according to the present invention shown in FIGS. 5 and 15.
- FIG. 1A illustrates a device having a small display according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the device may be a handheld device.
- FIG. 1A illustrates a cellular telephone 1 having a small display 15 .
- Cellular telephone 1 also includes input device 16 and, in particular, a numeric keypad.
- Display 15 provides a window 2 having text 3 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- An expanded view of window 2 and text 3 is illustrated in FIG. 3 and described below.
- Cellular telephone 1 has wireless access to the world-wide-web (“www”) or internet 18 and/or may optionally be connected to other data networks such as the Wireless Access Protocol (“WAP”).
- www world-wide-web
- WAP Wireless Access Protocol
- embodiments of the present invention may include pagers, palm top computers, personal digital assistants (“PDA”), digital video device (“DVD”) players, digital cameras, printers, or an equivalent thereof.
- PDA personal digital assistants
- DVD digital video device
- an embodiment of the present invention may include any information appliance.
- An information appliance is any mobile device that is designed to provide users with access to information stored on the device, or to information stored elsewhere when connected to data resources via a wired or wireless connection.
- cellular telephone 1 supports wireless protocol communications, including the Global System for Mobile communications (“GSM”), Time Division Multiple Access (“TDMA”), Personal Digital Cellular (“PDC”), Code Division Multiple Access (“CDMA”), W-CDMA, or CDMA-2000.
- GSM Global System for Mobile communications
- TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
- PDC Personal Digital Cellular
- CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
- W-CDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
- CDMA-2000 Code Division Multiple Access
- FIG. 1B illustrates a hardware/software block diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a device 17 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes an electronics bus 14 for electrically coupling various device components. Ellipses are shown to identify other software and hardware components that may be present in an embodiment of the present invention.
- device 17 may be a cellular telephone which has communication software and wireless communication hardware.
- Processor 10 is coupled to bus 14 .
- processor 10 may be an embedded microprocessor such as a Sharp® Microelectronics ARM7 processor, a low power 32 bit reduced instruction set computer (“RISC”) processor.
- processor 10 may be a Motorola® 68K Dragonball microprocessor.
- processor 10 may be a Power PC, MIPS, or X86 processor.
- Memory 11 is also coupled to bus 14 and stores link group software 12 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- link group software 12 may be stored on persistent storage device such as a magnetic hard disk, a floppy magnetic disk, CD-ROM or other write data storage technology, singly or in combination.
- Memory 11 can include read-only-memory (“ROM”), ready-access-memory (“RAM”), virtual memory or other memory technology, singly or in combination.
- ROM read-only-memory
- RAM ready-access-memory
- memory 11 is an approximately 50K ROM.
- Speaker/microphone 17 is also coupled to bus 14 and is used as an audio input/output device in an embodiment of the present invention.
- Input device 16 is coupled to bus 14 .
- input device 16 may be a numeric keypad or a touch sensitive screen.
- Small display 15 is also coupled to bus 14 .
- small display 15 may be a bit map display having a pixel size of 80 ⁇ 60. In alternate embodiments, the small display 15 may have a pixel size up to and including 128 ⁇ 64, 160 ⁇ 240, or 320 ⁇ 240.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a software and hardware block layer diagram 30 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- System software 32 and system hardware 31 are used in connection with application program interface 33 to support a graphical user interface 34 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- System software 32 may include a real time operating system software for controlling internal operation of device 17 .
- System software 32 may also include a web browser for accessing internet 18 over a wired or wireless connection.
- graphical user interface 34 is used to provide information and/or text to display 15 on cellular telephone 1 illustrated in FIG. 1A.
- Link group software 12 is used in connection with graphical user interface software 34 to provide link group information to a small display 15 .
- link group software 12 is able to map a hypertext markup language (“HTML”) page from internet 18 to small display 15 by using link group software 12 which is described below.
- HTML hypertext markup language
- FIG. 3 illustrates a page character array 300 used as input to the method according to the present invention.
- the characters 301 through 309 are link characters representing links to page character arrays named A through I, respectively.
- Characters 310 through 316 represent vertical splitter bars.
- Characters 317 through 321 represent line feed characters, which are logically equivalent to carriage return characters.
- Characters 322 through 331 represent text characters.
- Character 332 represents a blank space.
- character refers to a token of the document encoding standard, for example ASCII, UNICODE, HTML, and XML.
- a “character” is any string or code that has some defined significance.
- a link character represents an actionable token, such as retrieving another page character array, or executing an arbitrary computer function such as playing a sound, or initiating a computer transaction.
- a blank space or line feed character refers to any token which creates white space or a sequence of codes that result in blank space.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a conventional browser's display screen appearance after displaying the page character array 300 shown in FIG. 3.
- a conventional browser displays links A through I as blue underlined text 401 through 409 which correspond to link characters 301 through 309 , respectively, shown in FIG. 3.
- Vertical splitter bars 410 through 416 illustrated in FIG. 4 are displayed by a conventional browser as a result of interpretation of vertical splitter characters 310 through 316 shown in FIG. 3.
- the links F, G, H, and I appear on a lower line than the links A, B, C, D, and E because line feed character 317 advances the display to the subsequent line.
- Blank space 417 illustrated in FIG. 4 is a result of the conventional browser's interpretation of line feed characters 318 and 319 .
- the text 418 illustrated in FIG. 4 is a result of the conventional browser's interpretation of text characters 322 through 332 .
- Blank space 419 is a result of the conventional browser's interpretation of line feed characters 320 and 321 shown in FIG. 3.
- the page character array 300 contains no explicit specification that links A through I are related to each other or are to be displayed in any particular specialized manner because they are related links.
- FIG. 5 illustrates a method 500 of processing a page character array according to the present invention.
- the method starts with step 501 .
- the method finds links and creates link groups (or in otherwords hyperlink groupings). As will be discussed later, link groups consist of adjacent link characters within the page character array.
- the method lays out the link groups created in step 502 for display in an optimized form.
- link groups created in step 502 are logically mapped to a distinct user input, such as the touching of a specific key, or the receipt of a specific voice command.
- the method 500 is finished at step 505 . It is to be noted that steps 503 and 504 are alternatively optional according to the present invention.
- step 504 either an optimized display can be generated according to the present invention in step 503 or a logical mapping of the link groups to a distinct user input can be performed by step 504 .
- step 503 or step 504 is omitted according to the present invention. In the preferred embodiment, however, both steps 503 and 504 are performed according to the present invention.
- FIG. 6 illustrates a display screen appearance 600 after displaying the page character array shown in FIG. 3 using a method according to the present invention shown in FIGS. 5 and 13. Buttons 601 through 609 are a result of the interpretation of link characters 301 through 309 by the method according to the present invention.
- the display screen appearance 600 illustrated in FIG. 6 represents one possible optimized screen display corresponding to a nine link group detected in step 502 and displayed in step 503 as the display screen appearance 600 .
- There are many other possible screen layouts which may be created in alternative to display screen appearance 600 as will be described below, according to the present invention.
- FIG. 7 illustrates an input device to link correspondence table 700 generated by a method according to the present invention shown in FIGS. 5 and 15 for the page character array 300 shown in FIG. 3 and the display screen appearance 600 shown in FIG. 6.
- step 504 logically maps each of the keys 1 through 9 to a corresponding one of the links A through I, as illustrated in Table 700 .
- the link corresponding to the key pressed will be traversed by the method according to the present invention.
- FIG. 8 illustrate a method of implementing the step shown in FIG. 5 of finding links and creating link groups according to the present invention.
- the method 502 illustrated in FIG. 8 is an exploded view of the method step 502 shown in FIG. 5 and represents the presently preferred embodiment for executing the step 502 shown in FIG. 5.
- the method starts at step 801 and at step 802 the page character array is accessed. The next character is retrieved from the page character array at step 803 . Test 804 determines if the character retrieved in step 803 is a link.
- Test 804 detects all such link characters. If the character retrieved in step 803 is a link, then the method 502 opens a new empty link group at step 805 . At step 806 , the character previously determined by step 804 to be a link is added to the new link group created in step 805 . The next character in the page character array is then retrieved at step 807 . Test 808 determines if the character retrieved by step 807 is a link. If the character is a link then the method reverts to step 806 and that link is added to the current link group which was previously created in step 805 .
- step 807 determines if the character is a blank space or line feed character. If the character retrieved in step 807 is a blank space or line feed, then the method 502 essentially filters it out of the page character array by advancing back to step 807 to retrieve the next subsequent character. If the character is not a blank space or line feed, then step 810 determines if the character is a link separator character.
- Link separator characters are alternatively any one of vertical splitter characters, horizontal splitter characters, or other arbitrary characters, such as a plus or minus sign, which are used to separate link characters.
- step 810 If the character is determined to be a link separator by step 810 , it is also essentially filtered out by the method 502 because the method then reverts back to step 807 to retrieve the next subsequent character. However, if the character is not a link separator, then the link group opened in step 805 is closed at step 811 . The method then reverts to step 803 to retrieve the next character in the page character array. If at any point steps 803 or 807 do not detect any more characters in the page character array, then the method is done at step 812 as the page character array has been fully parsed.
- FIG. 9 illustrates a continuation of the page character array 300 shown in FIG. 3 used as input to the methods according to the present invention.
- Characters 901 through 904 represent links
- characters 905 through 908 represent blank spaces
- character 909 represents a line feed or carriage return.
- FIG. 10A illustrates a link group extracted from the page character array 300 shown in FIG. 3 by a method 502 according to the present invention shown in FIG. 8. Specifically, all of the link characters 301 through 309 illustrated in FIG. 3 have been grouped into a first link group 1000 containing only the characters representing the links. The vertical splitter characters 310 through 316 as well as the line feed character 317 shown in FIG. 3 have been filtered out by the method 502 .
- FIG. 10B illustrates another link group 1050 extracted from the page character array 900 shown in FIGS. 3 and 9 by a method 502 according to the present invention shown in FIG. 8. Specifically, link characters 901 through 904 have been grouped into a second link group 1050 by the method 502 . Blank space characters 905 - 908 have been filtered out, along with line feed character 909 .
- FIG. 11 illustrates an intermediate page character array 1100 generated from the page character array shown in FIGS. 3 and 9 by a method 502 according to the present invention and shown in FIG. 8. Specifically, the method 502 has detected the first link group 1000 and second link group 1050 and replaced them with characters 1101 and 1102 representing pointers to the link groups 1000 and 1050 , respectively. The remaining characters and the intermediate page character array 1100 represent characters from the page character array 300 which were not grouped into a link group.
- FIG. 12 illustrates a conventional browser's display screen appearance 1200 after displaying the page character array 900 shown in FIG. 9.
- Link characters 901 through 904 are interpreted by a conventional browser and displayed as blue underlined text 1201 through 1204 , respectively.
- Blank space characters 905 and 906 are interpreted by a conventional browser and create the space 1205 illustrated in FIG. 12.
- blank space characters 907 and 908 correspond to space 1206 illustrated in FIG. 12.
- Line feed character 909 is interpreted by a conventional browser to place the subsequent characters on a lower line, which creates the two-line appearance 1200 illustrated in FIG. 12.
- FIG. 13 illustrates a method of implementing the step 503 shown in FIG. 5 of laying out link groups for a display screen in an optimized form according to the present invention.
- the method starts at 1301 .
- link characters are laid out as buttons, such as illustrated in FIG. 6.
- a button is preferably enclosed by a circular or oval shaped boundary.
- the method 503 lays out the buttons in predetermined screen locations based upon the hardware upon which the method is executing.
- the method is completed at step 1304 .
- FIG. 13 illustrates the method of implementing step 503 shown in FIG. 5, and is therefore an exploded view of the steps required to implement step 503 shown in FIG. 5.
- FIG. 14 illustrates a display screen appearance 1400 after displaying the page character array 900 shown in FIG. 9 using a method 502 according to the present invention shown in FIGS. 5 and 13.
- buttons 1401 through 1402 correspond to characters 901 through 904 shown in FIG. 9.
- buttons 1400 through 1404 are horizontally centered in a vertical list. This horizontal centering represents an embodiment of an optimized form of display of a link group according to the present invention.
- FIG. 15 illustrates a method 504 of implementing the step shown in FIG. 5 of logically mapping link groups to distinct user input according to the present invention.
- the method starts at step 1501 .
- Test 1502 determines if a link group is currently in the display screen. If the link group is not currently in the display screen, then the method ends at step 1505 . In otherwords, no action is taken by step 504 in the event that a link group is not currently being displayed in the display screen.
- Step 1303 illustrated in FIG. 13 lays out the buttons in a predetermined screen location based upon a hardware in a logical frame buffer. Only a portion of the logical frame buffer is actually displayed at any given time.
- step 1503 creates a correspondence between the links and the displayed link group and key strokes or voice commands. This is illustrated, for example, by the Table 700 shown in FIG. 7.
- step 1504 the machine interprets key strokes or voice commands as a command to traverse the corresponding link. If a link group is not currently in the display screen, then key strokes or voice commands are not interpreted as link invocations.
- FIG. 16 illustrates a display screen appearance 1600 in relation to input device keys 1601 through 1605 after displaying the page character array 300 shown in FIG. 3 using a method 500 according to the present invention shown in FIGS. 5 and 13.
- the links A through F shown in FIG. 16 are selected by the user by pressing one of the L or R keys 1601 or 1602 and one of the T, M, or B keys 1603 through 1605 .
- link A is traversed by pressing the L key 1601 and the T key 1603 .
- the F link is traversed by pressing the R key 1602 and the B key 1605 .
- FIG. 16 illustrates a display screen appearance 1600 in relation to input device keys 1601 through 1605 after displaying the page character array 300 shown in FIG. 3 using a method 500 according to the present invention shown in FIGS. 5 and 13.
- the links A through F shown in FIG. 16 are selected by the user by pressing one of the L or R keys 1601 or 1602 and one of the T, M, or B keys 1603 through 1605 .
- links are laid out in optimized form by step 503 so as to be vertically and horizontally aligned with the input keys to which they are logically mapped by step 504 .
- Another example of the combination of steps 503 and 504 is found in FIG. 6, where links A through I are laid out so as to physically correspond to numbers 1 through 9 on a standard telephonic keypad.
- FIG. 17 illustrates an input device to link correspondence table 1700 generated by a method 504 according to the present invention shown in FIGS. 5 and 15 for the page character array 300 shown in FIG. 3 and the display screen appearance shown in FIG. 16. Specifically, each of the links is mapped to a unique combination of the keys 1601 through 1605 .
- FIG. 18 illustrates a display screen appearance 1800 after displaying the page character array 300 shown in FIG. 3 using a method according to the present invention shown in FIGS. 5 and 15.
- the keys to which links A, B, and C are logically mapped by step 504 are actually displayed along side the link names.
- the present invention optionally displays in step 503 an indication of the physical key to which the link is mapped in step 504 .
- link C is selected by pressing the 3 key as shown in the screen display appearance 1800 .
- the indication of the corresponding mapped keystroke is laid out as a small captioned box next to or above the layout of the link (not unlike a footnote) to indicate the mapping relationship.
- the method 504 preferably maintains the mapping of keys 4 , 5 , and 6 to links D, E, and F, and therefore links A, B, and C are still selectable by the user by depressing the appropriate keys even though they are no longer visible on the display screen.
Abstract
A method for processing a page character array finds links and creates link groups containing adjacent link characters. Adjacency of link characters is preferably defined as characters which are separated by any combination of no characters, blank space characters, line feed characters, or separator characters, such as vertical or horizontal separator bars or other separator characters. Once link groups have been defined, the method lays out each link group for display in an optimized form. Links are displayed as buttons. An optimized form of display includes centering all the buttons in a vertical list. Another optimized form of display includes laying out the link group as a rectangular matrix of buttons. According to another aspect, each of the links in a link group are logically mapped to a distinct user input, such as a key or voice command. The logical mapping aspect and optimized display aspect are optionally combined for certain types of hardware. For example, if keys are physically adjacent to any part of the display, the links are displayed near the keys, or in horizontal and/or vertical alignment with the keys, so that the key to which a link is mapped is apparent from its position on the display screen. As another example, the name of key or command to which a link is mapped is displayed within or beside the button containing the name of the link.
Description
- This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 09/374,223, filed Aug. 13, 1999, now abandoned.
- The following U.S. Patent is assigned to the assignee of the present application, and its disclosure is incorporated herein by reference:
- U.S. Pat. No. 6,547,830, issued Apr. 15, 2003, by Paul Mercer and entitled, “METHOD AND ARTICLE OF MANUFACTURE FOR MAXIMIZING THE AMOUNT OF TEXT DISPLAYED.”
- 1. Field of the Invention
- The present invention pertains to the field of browsers for displaying page character arrays, such as HTML web pages, which have link characters representing links to other page character arrays. Specifically, the present invention pertains to the field of small display devices, such as cellular telephones.
- 2. Discussion of the Related Art
- Many devices, such as handheld devices, have relatively small displays for providing information to users. Typically, handheld devices are designed to be mobile, light weight, and small, which necessitates a relatively small display. A cellular telephone is an example of a handheld device having a small display. The cellular telephone's small display provides only enough space for a few lines of text which may include a name and a telephone number. Large amounts of text are not easily provided on a small display.
- Moreover, users of handheld devices may require more information than can be easily provided on a small display. A typical user may want to have information that requires extensive text such as weather forecasts, driving directions, or stock updates. This type of information generally requires numerous lines of text that may not fit on a small display. For example, a user may desire to access an internet page having a variety of fonts identifying links or other usable information. Large amounts of information may be obtained from remote locations, such as servers on the internet, which are accessible by a handheld device, but the amount of information provided to a user is limited by the small display of the handheld device.
- The content of internet web pages are specified by page character arrays containing, for example, HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) code or another descriptor language's code, such as HDML, WML, SGML, or XML. Any device, such as a browser, attempting to display web pages must be able to interpret the codes in the page character arrays that describe the web pages. A link character is a type of character in page character array describing a web page that represents a pointer to another web page specified by another page character array.
- Conventional browsers display link characters in page character arrays as blue underlined text. Groups of links are conventionally constructed of link characters separated by separator bars and/or blank spaces. Conventional browsers make no attempt to optimize the display of groups of links based upon the display size or hardware configuration of the machine running the browser. In other words, aside from underlining the links and coloring them blue, a conventional browser makes no other decisions about how to display a link. Links may be interspersed with text, graphics, and other links; the placement of the link on the display depends upon the surrounding context.
- Frequently, web pages include “link bars” which are a series of several links placed adjacently or in close proximity to one another. The links in the link bars are sometimes separated by vertical bars, placed on separate lines, or include blank spaces between them. Conventionally, there is no explicit indication in the page character array that a series of links are associated to one another. As a consequence of this fact, a series of links may be intended to fit on a single line by the author of the web page. However, when the page is accessed by a small screen device, all the links can not fit on a single line due to the limited width of the display. This results in a confusing and visually displeasing result on the small screen device.
- Furthermore, conventional browsers make no attempt to provide a mechanism, other than cursor pointing and clicking, by which the user can select a link in a web page so that another web page can be retrieved. Small screen devices, such as cellular phones, typically do not have mouses or cursor pointing and clicking capability.
- As is apparent from the above discussion, a need exists for an acceptable and visually pleasing way to display of groups of links for small screen displays. A need also exists for the provision of a link selection mechanism for machines which do not have cursor pointing and clicking capabilities.
- Conventional browsers display link characters in page character arrays as blue underlined text. Groups of links are conventionally constructed of links characters separated by separator bars and/or blank spaces. Conventional browsers make no attempt to optimize the display of groups of links based upon the display size or hardware configuration of the machine running the browser. Conventional browsers make no attempt to provide a mechanism, other than cursor pointing and clicking, by which the user can select a link. An object of the present invention is to optimize the display of groups of links for small screen displays. Another object of the present invention is to provide an efficient link selection mechanism for machines which do not have cursor pointing and clicking capabilities.
- According to an aspect of the present invention, a method for processing a page character array finds links and creates link groups containing adjacent link characters. Adjacency of link characters is preferably defined as characters which are separated by any combination of no characters, blank space characters, line feed characters, or separator characters, such as vertical or horizontal separator bars or other separator characters. By filtering out line feeds, links which would conventionally be display as vertical link lists are detected and grouped as a link groups for optimized display according to the present invention.
- Once link groups have been defined, the method lays out each link group for display in an optimized form. In the preferred embodiment of the present invention, links are displayed as buttons. An optimized form of display according to the present invention includes centering all the buttons in a vertical list. Another optimized form of display according to the present invention includes laying out the link group as a rectangular matrix of buttons.
- According to another aspect of the present invention, each of the links in a link group are logically mapped to a distinct user input. For example, if a link group consists of nine links, then each of the links is mapped to one of the nine
keys 1 through 9. If the link group is currently being displayed, then by pressing any of thekeys 1 through 9, the machine traverses the corresponding link. As another example, in a machine with a microphone, each of the links is mapped to a specific voice command. This voice command mapping is alternatively coupled with the keystroke mapping. Thus, the user either presses the 3 key or says the word “three” to instruct the machine to traverse the third link in a link group. The logical mapping of links to a distinct user input provides a mechanism for selecting the link which was not specified by the page character array, but rather which is intelligently instantiated according to the present invention. - The logical mapping aspect and optimized display aspect of the present invention are optionally combined for certain types of hardware. For example, in a cellular
telephone having keys 1 through 9 physically configured in a standard three by three telephone keypad matrix, the links are laid out on the display screen in a three by three rectangular matrix such that the upper left link corresponds to thekey 1 and the lower right link corresponds to the key 9. As another example, if keys are physically adjacent to any part of the display, the links are displayed near the keys, or in horizontal and/or vertical alignment with the keys, so that the key to which a link is mapped is apparent from its position on the display screen. As yet another example, the name of key or command to which a link is mapped is displayed within or beside the button containing the name of the link; thus, additional information not specified in the page character array is interjected into the display according to the present invention to facilitate link selection. - These and other features, aspects, and advantages of the present invention are fully described in the Detailed Description of the Invention, which discusses the Figures in narrative form.
- FIG. 1A illustrates a cellular telephone having software according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 1B illustrates a block diagram of a device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a software and hardware block layer diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a page character array used as input to the methods according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a conventional browser's display screen appearance after displaying the page character array shown in FIG. 3.
- FIG. 5 illustrates a method of processing a page character array according to the present invention.
- FIG. 6 illustrates a display screen appearance after displaying the page character array shown in FIG. 3 using a method according to the present invention shown in FIGS. 5 and 13.
- FIG. 7 illustrates an input device to link correspondence table generated by a method according to the present invention shown in FIGS. 5 and 15 for the page character array shown in FIG. 3 and the display screen appearance shown in FIG. 6.
- FIG. 8 illustrates a method of implementing the step shown in FIG. 5 of finding links and creating link groups according to the present invention.
- FIG. 9 illustrates a continuation of the page character array shown in FIG. 3 used as input to the methods according to the present invention.
- FIG. 10A illustrates a link group extracted from the page character array shown in FIG. 3 by a method according to the present invention shown in FIG. 8.
- FIG. 10B illustrates another link group extracted from the page character array shown in FIGS. 3 and 9 by a method according to the present invention shown in FIG. 8.
- FIG. 11 illustrates an intermediate page character array generated from the page character array shown in FIGS. 3 and 9 by a method according to the present invention shown in FIG. 8.
- FIG. 12 illustrates a conventional browser's display screen appearance after displaying the page character array shown in FIG. 9.
- FIG. 13 illustrates a method of implementing the step shown in FIG. 5 of laying out link groups for a display screen in an optimized form according to the present invention.
- FIG. 14 illustrates a display screen appearance after displaying the page character array shown in FIG. 9 using a method according to the present invention shown in FIGS. 5 and 13.
- FIG. 15 illustrates a method of implementing the step shown in FIG. 5 of logically mapping link groups to the distinct user input according to the present invention.
- FIG. 16 illustrates a display screen appearance in relation to input device keys after displaying the page character array shown in FIG. 3 using a method according to the present invention shown in FIGS. 5 and 13.
- FIG. 17 illustrates an input device to link correspondence table generated by a method according to the present invention shown in FIGS. 5 and 15 for the page character array shown in FIG. 3 and the display screen appearance shown in FIG. 16.
- FIG. 18 illustrates a display screen appearance after displaying the page character array shown in FIG. 3 using a method according to the present invention shown in FIGS. 5 and 15.
- The Figures are more fully described in narrative form in the Detailed Description of the Invention. In the Figures, like method steps are labeled with like reference numerals.
- FIG. 1A illustrates a device having a small display according to an embodiment of the present invention. In an embodiment, the device may be a handheld device. In particular, FIG. 1A illustrates a
cellular telephone 1 having asmall display 15.Cellular telephone 1 also includesinput device 16 and, in particular, a numeric keypad.Display 15 provides awindow 2 havingtext 3 according to an embodiment of the present invention. An expanded view ofwindow 2 andtext 3 is illustrated in FIG. 3 and described below.Cellular telephone 1 has wireless access to the world-wide-web (“www”) orinternet 18 and/or may optionally be connected to other data networks such as the Wireless Access Protocol (“WAP”). - While a cellular telephone embodiment of the present invention is illustrated in FIG. 1A, one of ordinary skill in the art would appreciate that many other embodiments of the present invention falls within the scope of the appended claims. For example, embodiments of the present invention may include pagers, palm top computers, personal digital assistants (“PDA”), digital video device (“DVD”) players, digital cameras, printers, or an equivalent thereof. Generally, an embodiment of the present invention may include any information appliance. An information appliance is any mobile device that is designed to provide users with access to information stored on the device, or to information stored elsewhere when connected to data resources via a wired or wireless connection.
- According to embodiments of the present invention,
cellular telephone 1, supports wireless protocol communications, including the Global System for Mobile communications (“GSM”), Time Division Multiple Access (“TDMA”), Personal Digital Cellular (“PDC”), Code Division Multiple Access (“CDMA”), W-CDMA, or CDMA-2000. - FIG. 1B illustrates a hardware/software block diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention. A
device 17 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes anelectronics bus 14 for electrically coupling various device components. Ellipses are shown to identify other software and hardware components that may be present in an embodiment of the present invention. For example,device 17 may be a cellular telephone which has communication software and wireless communication hardware. -
Processor 10 is coupled tobus 14. In an embodiment,processor 10 may be an embedded microprocessor such as a Sharp® Microelectronics ARM7 processor, alow power 32 bit reduced instruction set computer (“RISC”) processor. In another embodiment,processor 10 may be a Motorola® 68K Dragonball microprocessor. In alternate embodiments,processor 10 may be a Power PC, MIPS, or X86 processor. -
Memory 11 is also coupled tobus 14 and stores linkgroup software 12 according to an embodiment of the present invention. In an alternate embodiment,link group software 12 may be stored on persistent storage device such as a magnetic hard disk, a floppy magnetic disk, CD-ROM or other write data storage technology, singly or in combination.Memory 11 can include read-only-memory (“ROM”), ready-access-memory (“RAM”), virtual memory or other memory technology, singly or in combination. In an embodiment,memory 11 is an approximately 50K ROM. - Speaker/
microphone 17 is also coupled tobus 14 and is used as an audio input/output device in an embodiment of the present invention.Input device 16 is coupled tobus 14. In an embodiment,input device 16 may be a numeric keypad or a touch sensitive screen.Small display 15 is also coupled tobus 14. In an embodiment,small display 15 may be a bit map display having a pixel size of 80×60. In alternate embodiments, thesmall display 15 may have a pixel size up to and including 128×64, 160×240, or 320×240. - FIG. 2 illustrates a software and hardware block layer diagram30 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
System software 32 andsystem hardware 31 are used in connection withapplication program interface 33 to support agraphical user interface 34 according to an embodiment of the present invention. -
System software 32 may include a real time operating system software for controlling internal operation ofdevice 17.System software 32 may also include a web browser for accessinginternet 18 over a wired or wireless connection. - In an embodiment,
graphical user interface 34 is used to provide information and/or text to display 15 oncellular telephone 1 illustrated in FIG. 1A.Link group software 12 is used in connection with graphicaluser interface software 34 to provide link group information to asmall display 15. In an embodiment,link group software 12 is able to map a hypertext markup language (“HTML”) page frominternet 18 tosmall display 15 by usinglink group software 12 which is described below. - FIG. 3 illustrates a
page character array 300 used as input to the method according to the present invention. The characters 301 through 309 are link characters representing links to page character arrays named A through I, respectively. Characters 310 through 316 represent vertical splitter bars.Characters 317 through 321 represent line feed characters, which are logically equivalent to carriage return characters.Characters 322 through 331 represent text characters.Character 332 represents a blank space. - For the purposes of explanation of the present invention, the term “character” refers to a token of the document encoding standard, for example ASCII, UNICODE, HTML, and XML. In otherwords, a “character” is any string or code that has some defined significance. A link character represents an actionable token, such as retrieving another page character array, or executing an arbitrary computer function such as playing a sound, or initiating a computer transaction. A blank space or line feed character refers to any token which creates white space or a sequence of codes that result in blank space.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a conventional browser's display screen appearance after displaying the
page character array 300 shown in FIG. 3. Specifically, a conventional browser displays links A through I as blue underlined text 401 through 409 which correspond to link characters 301 through 309, respectively, shown in FIG. 3. Vertical splitter bars 410 through 416 illustrated in FIG. 4 are displayed by a conventional browser as a result of interpretation of vertical splitter characters 310 through 316 shown in FIG. 3. The links F, G, H, and I, appear on a lower line than the links A, B, C, D, and E becauseline feed character 317 advances the display to the subsequent line.Blank space 417 illustrated in FIG. 4 is a result of the conventional browser's interpretation ofline feed characters text 418 illustrated in FIG. 4 is a result of the conventional browser's interpretation oftext characters 322 through 332.Blank space 419 is a result of the conventional browser's interpretation ofline feed characters page character array 300 contains no explicit specification that links A through I are related to each other or are to be displayed in any particular specialized manner because they are related links. - FIG. 5 illustrates a
method 500 of processing a page character array according to the present invention. The method starts withstep 501. Atstep 502, the method finds links and creates link groups (or in otherwords hyperlink groupings). As will be discussed later, link groups consist of adjacent link characters within the page character array. Atstep 503, the method lays out the link groups created instep 502 for display in an optimized form. Atstep 504, link groups created instep 502 are logically mapped to a distinct user input, such as the touching of a specific key, or the receipt of a specific voice command. Themethod 500 is finished atstep 505. It is to be noted thatsteps step 502, either an optimized display can be generated according to the present invention instep 503 or a logical mapping of the link groups to a distinct user input can be performed bystep 504. Thus, in alternative embodiments, either step 503 or step 504 is omitted according to the present invention. In the preferred embodiment, however, bothsteps - FIG. 6 illustrates a
display screen appearance 600 after displaying the page character array shown in FIG. 3 using a method according to the present invention shown in FIGS. 5 and 13.Buttons 601 through 609 are a result of the interpretation of link characters 301 through 309 by the method according to the present invention. Thedisplay screen appearance 600 illustrated in FIG. 6 represents one possible optimized screen display corresponding to a nine link group detected instep 502 and displayed instep 503 as thedisplay screen appearance 600. There are many other possible screen layouts which may be created in alternative to displayscreen appearance 600, as will be described below, according to the present invention. - FIG. 7 illustrates an input device to link correspondence table700 generated by a method according to the present invention shown in FIGS. 5 and 15 for the
page character array 300 shown in FIG. 3 and thedisplay screen appearance 600 shown in FIG. 6. As will be described below, step 504 logically maps each of thekeys 1 through 9 to a corresponding one of the links A through I, as illustrated in Table 700. Thus, when the user strikes one of thekeys 1 through 9 while the link group containing links A through I is in the display screen, the link corresponding to the key pressed will be traversed by the method according to the present invention. - FIG. 8 illustrate a method of implementing the step shown in FIG. 5 of finding links and creating link groups according to the present invention. Thus, the
method 502 illustrated in FIG. 8 is an exploded view of themethod step 502 shown in FIG. 5 and represents the presently preferred embodiment for executing thestep 502 shown in FIG. 5. However, it is to be understood that various additions and modifications to themethod 502 shown in FIG. 8 can be alternatively implemented without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. The method starts at step 801 and at step 802 the page character array is accessed. The next character is retrieved from the page character array atstep 803.Test 804 determines if the character retrieved instep 803 is a link. In several page character array description languages, such as HTML, there are several alternative characters which represent links.Test 804 detects all such link characters. If the character retrieved instep 803 is a link, then themethod 502 opens a new empty link group atstep 805. At step 806, the character previously determined bystep 804 to be a link is added to the new link group created instep 805. The next character in the page character array is then retrieved atstep 807.Test 808 determines if the character retrieved bystep 807 is a link. If the character is a link then the method reverts to step 806 and that link is added to the current link group which was previously created instep 805. If the character retrieved instep 807 is not a link, then test 809 determines if the character is a blank space or line feed character. If the character retrieved instep 807 is a blank space or line feed, then themethod 502 essentially filters it out of the page character array by advancing back to step 807 to retrieve the next subsequent character. If the character is not a blank space or line feed, then step 810 determines if the character is a link separator character. Link separator characters are alternatively any one of vertical splitter characters, horizontal splitter characters, or other arbitrary characters, such as a plus or minus sign, which are used to separate link characters. If the character is determined to be a link separator bystep 810, it is also essentially filtered out by themethod 502 because the method then reverts back to step 807 to retrieve the next subsequent character. However, if the character is not a link separator, then the link group opened instep 805 is closed atstep 811. The method then reverts to step 803 to retrieve the next character in the page character array. If at anypoint steps step 812 as the page character array has been fully parsed. - FIG. 9 illustrates a continuation of the
page character array 300 shown in FIG. 3 used as input to the methods according to the present invention.Characters 901 through 904 represent links,characters 905 through 908 represent blank spaces, andcharacter 909 represents a line feed or carriage return. - FIG. 10A illustrates a link group extracted from the
page character array 300 shown in FIG. 3 by amethod 502 according to the present invention shown in FIG. 8. Specifically, all of the link characters 301 through 309 illustrated in FIG. 3 have been grouped into afirst link group 1000 containing only the characters representing the links. The vertical splitter characters 310 through 316 as well as theline feed character 317 shown in FIG. 3 have been filtered out by themethod 502. - FIG. 10B illustrates another
link group 1050 extracted from thepage character array 900 shown in FIGS. 3 and 9 by amethod 502 according to the present invention shown in FIG. 8. Specifically, linkcharacters 901 through 904 have been grouped into asecond link group 1050 by themethod 502. Blank space characters 905-908 have been filtered out, along withline feed character 909. - FIG. 11 illustrates an intermediate
page character array 1100 generated from the page character array shown in FIGS. 3 and 9 by amethod 502 according to the present invention and shown in FIG. 8. Specifically, themethod 502 has detected thefirst link group 1000 andsecond link group 1050 and replaced them withcharacters link groups page character array 1100 represent characters from thepage character array 300 which were not grouped into a link group. - FIG. 12 illustrates a conventional browser's
display screen appearance 1200 after displaying thepage character array 900 shown in FIG. 9.Link characters 901 through 904 are interpreted by a conventional browser and displayed as blue underlinedtext 1201 through 1204, respectively.Blank space characters 905 and 906 are interpreted by a conventional browser and create thespace 1205 illustrated in FIG. 12. Similarly,blank space characters space 1206 illustrated in FIG. 12.Line feed character 909 is interpreted by a conventional browser to place the subsequent characters on a lower line, which creates the two-line appearance 1200 illustrated in FIG. 12. - FIG. 13 illustrates a method of implementing the
step 503 shown in FIG. 5 of laying out link groups for a display screen in an optimized form according to the present invention. The method starts at 1301. Atstep 1302, link characters are laid out as buttons, such as illustrated in FIG. 6. A button is preferably enclosed by a circular or oval shaped boundary. Atstep 1303, themethod 503 lays out the buttons in predetermined screen locations based upon the hardware upon which the method is executing. The method is completed atstep 1304. Thus, FIG. 13 illustrates the method of implementingstep 503 shown in FIG. 5, and is therefore an exploded view of the steps required to implementstep 503 shown in FIG. 5. - FIG. 14 illustrates a
display screen appearance 1400 after displaying thepage character array 900 shown in FIG. 9 using amethod 502 according to the present invention shown in FIGS. 5 and 13. In thescreen display appearance 1400,buttons 1401 through 1402 correspond tocharacters 901 through 904 shown in FIG. 9. In thedisplay screen appearance 1400,buttons 1400 through 1404 are horizontally centered in a vertical list. This horizontal centering represents an embodiment of an optimized form of display of a link group according to the present invention. - FIG. 15 illustrates a
method 504 of implementing the step shown in FIG. 5 of logically mapping link groups to distinct user input according to the present invention. The method starts atstep 1501.Test 1502 determines if a link group is currently in the display screen. If the link group is not currently in the display screen, then the method ends atstep 1505. In otherwords, no action is taken bystep 504 in the event that a link group is not currently being displayed in the display screen.Step 1303 illustrated in FIG. 13 lays out the buttons in a predetermined screen location based upon a hardware in a logical frame buffer. Only a portion of the logical frame buffer is actually displayed at any given time. If the link group is in the portion of the screen layout which is in the display screen, then step 1503 creates a correspondence between the links and the displayed link group and key strokes or voice commands. This is illustrated, for example, by the Table 700 shown in FIG. 7. Atstep 1504, the machine interprets key strokes or voice commands as a command to traverse the corresponding link. If a link group is not currently in the display screen, then key strokes or voice commands are not interpreted as link invocations. - FIG. 16 illustrates a
display screen appearance 1600 in relation toinput device keys 1601 through 1605 after displaying thepage character array 300 shown in FIG. 3 using amethod 500 according to the present invention shown in FIGS. 5 and 13. The links A through F shown in FIG. 16 are selected by the user by pressing one of the L orR keys B keys 1603 through 1605. For example, link A is traversed by pressing the L key 1601 and theT key 1603. The F link is traversed by pressing theR key 1602 and the B key 1605. In the example shown in FIG. 16, links are laid out in optimized form bystep 503 so as to be vertically and horizontally aligned with the input keys to which they are logically mapped bystep 504. Another example of the combination ofsteps numbers 1 through 9 on a standard telephonic keypad. - FIG. 17 illustrates an input device to link correspondence table1700 generated by a
method 504 according to the present invention shown in FIGS. 5 and 15 for thepage character array 300 shown in FIG. 3 and the display screen appearance shown in FIG. 16. Specifically, each of the links is mapped to a unique combination of thekeys 1601 through 1605. - FIG. 18 illustrates a
display screen appearance 1800 after displaying thepage character array 300 shown in FIG. 3 using a method according to the present invention shown in FIGS. 5 and 15. In FIG. 18, the keys to which links A, B, and C are logically mapped bystep 504 are actually displayed along side the link names. In this respect, the present invention optionally displays instep 503 an indication of the physical key to which the link is mapped instep 504. Thus, link C is selected by pressing the 3 key as shown in thescreen display appearance 1800. Alternatively to the above-described laying out of the indication of the corresponding mapped keystroke along with each link name for each link in the link group illustrated in FIG. 18, the indication of the corresponding mapped keystroke is laid out as a small captioned box next to or above the layout of the link (not unlike a footnote) to indicate the mapping relationship. - As shown in FIG. 16 and18, only a portion of the entire first link group is displayed on the display screen. Specifically, in FIG. 16, links G, H, and I could not fit on the
display screen 1600, and in FIG. 18, links D through I could not fit on thedisplay screen 1800. As the user scrolls down so that the remaining links become visible and the first few links in the link group are not visible, themethod 504 optionally creates a different mapping of the input keys to the links in the link group, or optionally maintains the same correspondence between input keys and links. In the example shown in FIG. 16, it is anticipated that as links G, H, and I become visible, the mapping of the T, M, andB keys 1603 through 1605 is altered so that horizontal alignment is maintained. If the user scrolls down so that links G and H are visible but links A and B are not visible, then links A and B are no longer selectable by the user. However, in the example shown in FIG. 18, as the user scrolls down such that links D, E, and F are visible instead of links A, B, and C, then themethod 504 according to the present invention preferably maintains the mapping ofkeys - The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention has been provided for the purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations will be apparent to practitioners skilled in the art. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical applications, thereby enabling others skilled in the art to understand the invention for various embodiments and with the various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the following claims and their equivalents.
Claims (42)
1. A method of displaying a page character array, the method comprising the steps of:
finding links within the page character array; and
creating one or more link groups each having a plurality of links.
2. A method as in claim 1 , further comprising the step of:
laying out each link group for display in an optimized form.
3. A method as in claim 1 , further comprising the step of:
logically mapping each of the links in a link group to a distinct user input.
4. A method as in claim 1 , further comprising the steps of:
laying out each link group for display in an optimized form; and
logically mapping each of the links in a link group to a distinct user input.
5. A method as in claim 1 , wherein the creating step comprises the steps of:
assigning links in a first plurality of adjacent link characters to a first link group.
6. A method as in claim 5 , further comprising the step of:
assigning links in a second plurality of adjacent link characters to a second link group.
7. A method as in claim 5 , wherein adjacent link characters comprise link characters separated in the page character array by any combination of: no other characters, blank space characters, line feed characters, and link separator characters.
8. A method as in claim 2 , wherein the laying out step comprises the step of:
laying out links in predetermined screen locations based upon hardware.
9. A method as in claim 2 , wherein the laying out step comprises the step of:
laying out links as buttons.
10. A method as in claim 2 , wherein the laying out step comprises the step of:
centering links in a vertical lists.
11. A method as in claim 2 , wherein the laying out step comprises the step of:
laying out links in a rectangular matrix.
12. A method as in claim 3 , wherein the logically mapping step comprises the step of:
creating a correspondence between links in the link group and keystrokes or voice commands.
13. A method as in claim 4 ,
wherein the logically mapping step comprises the step of creating a correspondence between links in the link group and keystrokes or voice commands; and
wherein the laying out step comprises the step of laying out an indication of a corresponding mapped keystroke along with each link name for each link in the link group.,
14. A method as in claim 12 , further comprising the step of:
if the link group is currently displayed on the display screen, interpreting a keystroke or a voice command as a command to traverse a corresponding link.
15. A device readable storage medium, comprising:
device readable program code embodied on said device readable storage medium, said device readable program code for programming a device to perform a method of displaying a page character array, the method comprising the steps of:
finding links within the page character array; and
creating one or more link groups each having a plurality of links.
16. A device readable storage medium as in claim 15 , the method further comprising the step of:
laying out each link group for display in an optimized form.
17. A device readable storage medium as in claim 15 , the method further comprising the step of:
logically mapping each of the links in a link group to a distinct user input.
18. A device readable storage medium as in claim 15 , the method further comprising the steps of:
laying out each link group for display in an optimized form; and
logically mapping each of the links in a link group to a distinct user input.
19. A device readable storage medium as in claim 15 , wherein the creating step comprises the steps of:
assigning links in a first plurality of adjacent link characters to a first link group.
20. A device readable storage medium as in claim 19 , the method further comprising the step of:
assigning links in a second plurality of adjacent link characters to a second link group.
21. A device readable storage medium as in claim 19 , wherein adjacent link characters comprise link characters separated in the page character array by any combination of: no other characters, blank space characters, line feed characters, and link separator characters.
22. A device readable storage medium as in claim 16 , wherein the laying out step comprises the step of:
laying out links in predetermined screen locations based upon hardware.
23. A device readable storage medium as in claim 16 , wherein the laying out step comprises the step of:
laying out links as buttons.
24. A device readable storage medium as in claim 16 , wherein the laying out step comprises the step of:
centering links in a vertical lists.
25. A device readable storage medium as in claim 16 , wherein the laying out step comprises the step of:
laying out links in a rectangular matrix.
26. A device readable storage medium as in claim 17 , wherein the logically mapping step comprises the step of:
creating a correspondence between links in the link group and keystrokes or voice commands.
27. A device readable storage medium as in claim 18 ,
wherein the logically mapping step comprises the step of creating a correspondence between links in the link group and keystrokes or voice commands; and
wherein the laying out step comprises the step of laying out an indication of a corresponding mapped keystroke along with each link name for each link in the link group.
28. A device readable storage medium as in claim 26 , the method further comprising the step of:
if the link group is currently displayed on the display screen, interpreting a keystroke or a voice command as a command to traverse a corresponding link.
29. A device, comprising:
a processor; and
a processor readable storage medium having processor readable program code embodied on said processor readable storage medium, said processor readable program code for programming a device to perform a method of displaying a page character array, the method comprising the steps of:
finding links within the page character array; and
creating one or more link groups each having a plurality of links.
30. A device as in claim 29 , the method further comprising the step of:
laying out each link group for display in an optimized form.
31. A device as in claim 29 , the method further comprising the step of:
logically mapping each of the links in a link group to a distinct user input.
32. A device as in claim 29 , the method further comprising the steps of:
laying out each link group for display in an optimized form; and
logically mapping each of the links in a link group to a distinct user input.
33. A device as in claim 29 , wherein the creating step comprises the steps of:
assigning links in a first plurality of adjacent link characters to a first link group.
34. A device as in claim 33 , the method further comprising the step of:
assigning links in a second plurality of adjacent link characters to a second link group.
35. A device as in claim 33 , wherein adjacent link characters comprise link characters separated in the page character array by any combination of: no other characters, blank space characters, line feed characters, and link separator characters.
36. A device as in claim 30 , wherein the laying out step comprises the step of:
laying out links in predetermined screen locations based upon hardware.
37. A device as in claim 30 , wherein the laying out step comprises the step of:
laying out links as buttons.
38. A device as in claim 30 , wherein the laying out step comprises the step of:
centering links in a vertical lists.
39. A device as in claim 30 , wherein the laying out step comprises the step of:
laying out links in a rectangular matrix.
40. A device as in claim 31 , wherein the logically mapping step comprises the step of:
creating a correspondence between links in the link group and keystrokes or voice commands.
41. A device as in claim 32 ,
wherein the logically mapping step comprises the step of creating a correspondence between links in the link group and keystrokes or voice commands; and
wherein the laying out step comprises the step of laying out an indication of a corresponding mapped keystroke along with each link name for each link in the link group.
42. A device as in claim 40 , further comprising the step of:
if the link group is currently displayed on the display screen, interpreting a keystroke or a voice command as a command to traverse a corresponding link.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10/443,683 US20030196166A1 (en) | 1999-08-13 | 2003-05-22 | Methods and apparatuses for display and traversing of links in page character array |
US11/735,293 US8527861B2 (en) | 1999-08-13 | 2007-04-13 | Methods and apparatuses for display and traversing of links in page character array |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
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US20070186148A1 (en) | 2007-08-09 |
AU6630800A (en) | 2001-03-13 |
US8527861B2 (en) | 2013-09-03 |
WO2001013255A3 (en) | 2001-11-15 |
WO2001013255A2 (en) | 2001-02-22 |
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