EP1855254A1 - Memory carrier, authorisation method, reader, network and access control system - Google Patents

Memory carrier, authorisation method, reader, network and access control system Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP1855254A1
EP1855254A1 EP06113897A EP06113897A EP1855254A1 EP 1855254 A1 EP1855254 A1 EP 1855254A1 EP 06113897 A EP06113897 A EP 06113897A EP 06113897 A EP06113897 A EP 06113897A EP 1855254 A1 EP1855254 A1 EP 1855254A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
record
code
memory carrier
memory
security
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06113897A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1855254A8 (en
Inventor
Francis Duyck
Maurizio Locatelli
Jean Claeys
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Servipack NV
Original Assignee
Servipack NV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Servipack NV filed Critical Servipack NV
Priority to EP06113897A priority Critical patent/EP1855254A1/en
Priority to PCT/EP2007/054563 priority patent/WO2007131952A1/en
Priority to ES07729015T priority patent/ES2332022T3/en
Priority to DE602007002495T priority patent/DE602007002495D1/en
Priority to AT07729015T priority patent/ATE443305T1/en
Priority to EP07729015A priority patent/EP2018632B1/en
Publication of EP1855254A1 publication Critical patent/EP1855254A1/en
Publication of EP1855254A8 publication Critical patent/EP1855254A8/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • GPHYSICS
    • G07CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07FCOIN-FREED OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • G07F7/00Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus
    • G07F7/08Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means
    • G07F7/10Mechanisms actuated by objects other than coins to free or to actuate vending, hiring, coin or paper currency dispensing or refunding apparatus by coded identity card or credit card or other personal identification means together with a coded signal, e.g. in the form of personal identification information, like personal identification number [PIN] or biometric data
    • G07F7/1008Active credit-cards provided with means to personalise their use, e.g. with PIN-introduction/comparison system
    • GPHYSICS
    • G07CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07CTIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/20Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass
    • G07C9/29Individual registration on entry or exit involving the use of a pass the pass containing active electronic elements, e.g. smartcards

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical field of memory carriers for access control systems.
  • Such memory carriers comprising a unique, read-only serial code and a plurality of records, comprising a memory carrier identification record and at least one contract identification record, for access control.
  • contactless cards such as CALYPSO® or MIFARE® have already been proposed as a versatile means of providing both logical and physical access control to a variety of facilities, such as public transportation, telecommunications or monetary transaction facilities.
  • a single such card can contain information about a plurality of contracts, thus providing access to several different facilities.
  • such cards already usually comprise in-built security features, they do not, by themselves, provide comprehensive security, as the structure of the contract information and the method of reading it may leave loopholes and backdoors allowing potential abuse.
  • the authentication code of the memory carrier identification record ensures that copying the records from a valid memory carrier to a blank will not produce another valid memory carrier, since it is linked to both the memory carrier identification record, and the unique, read-only serial code of each memory carrier through an opaque encryption.
  • the authentication code of the at least one contract identification record ensures that copying the contract identification records of one valid memory carrier to another valid memory carrier will not produce valid contract identification records in the second memory carrier, since this other authentication code is linked to the memory carrier serial code and identification record, and to the specific contract identification record.
  • the authentication code of the at least one contract identification record also ensures that no authorisation to proceed with operations related to a given contract can be given by a reader not having access to the specific product key associated with that contract.
  • the memory carrier of the invention comprises a record allocation table pointing to the memory addresses of at least some of the plurality of records.
  • the record allocation table is dynamic, so that each record can be stored in the first available memory address, and said record allocation table comprises a record allocation table authentication code, so as to allow a data integrity check of said record allocation table.
  • a dynamic record allocation table enables a much faster authorisation process, a critical aspect in applications such as car parking access cards.
  • the record allocation table authentication code ensures that this does not affect the security of the card and that the pointers to the memory addresses of the records can not be tampered with.
  • the potential application of this secure dynamic record table is not limited to the memory carrier of the invention, and could also be applied to other memory carriers.
  • the plurality of records also comprises other records, such as a life cycle record.
  • other records such as a life cycle record. This has the advantage of allowing further security measures against, for instance, the used of expired or stolen memory carriers.
  • the invention also provides a method for using said memory carrier for the authorisation of operations associated with one of the at least one contract identification record of said memory carrier, said method comprising the steps of:
  • this method when using a memory carrier comprising a record allocation table pointing to the memory addresses of at least some of the plurality of records, this method also comprises the step of finding in the record allocation table the memory addresses of each memory carrier record to be read. Still more preferably, when using a memory carrier comprising a dynamic record allocation table with a record allocation table authentication code, this method also comprises the step of performing said data integrity check on said dynamic record allocation table.
  • this method when using a memory carrier comprising a life cycle record, also comprises the step of reading said life cycle record.
  • this method when using a memory carrier comprising at least one record other than the memory carrier identification record and the at least one contract identification record, wherein said other record comprises a record authentication code, this method also comprises the steps of:
  • a product table contains a plurality of potential product keys, each one of them individually identified by a product identification code, said one of the at least one contract identification record contains a particular product identification code, and the step of obtaining the product key involves reading a product identification code contained in said contract identification record and extracting from said product table the product key identified by said particular product identification code.
  • the operations associated with the at least one contract identification record comprise logical access to an information system.
  • the operations associated with the at least one contract identification record comprise physical access to an enclosed space, comprising, for example, a secure building or at least one car parking space.
  • the operations associated with the at least one contract identification record comprise monetary transactions.
  • the operations associated with the at least one contract identification record comprise access to services comprising, for example, transportation or telecommunication services.
  • the invention also provides a reader for performing said method for using said memory carrier for the authorisation of operations associated with one of the at least one contract identification record of said memory carrier, wherein the reader preferably comprises local memory storage means for containing at least part of one of said security and/or product keys.
  • the invention also provides a network comprising at least one such reader connected to at least one other such reader and/or a remote memory storage means for containing at least part of one of said security and/or product keys.
  • the invention also provides an access control system comprising at least one such memory carrier and one such reader and/or network.
  • a memory carrier 1 that contains a serial code 2, a record allocation table 3, comprising a record allocation table authentication code 3a, a memory carrier identification record 4, comprising a memory carrier identification record authentication code 4a, a life cycle record 5, comprising a life cycle record authentication code 5a, and at least one contract identification record 6, comprising a corresponding contract identification record authentication code 6a and a product key 6b.
  • serial code 2 is unique to each memory carrier 1 and read-only, meaning that it can not be altered, erased or overwritten without destroying the memory carrier 1.
  • the record allocation table 3 contains the memory address of each individual record in the memory carrier 1. So, for reading and/or writing in a given record, the record allocation table 3 needs to be consulted first in order to ascertain the memory address, that is, the actual position within the memory carrier, of that particular record.
  • the record allocation table 3 is dynamic, that is, it can reassign a given record to a different memory address than its original one. This accelerates the read/write process, which is very advantageous in time-critical applications, such as car parking access cards. To ensure, however, that this capability is not misused to tamper with its content, the record allocation table 3 also comprises a record allocation table authentication code 3a, which can be used to perform a data integrity check of the record allocation table 3 every time that it is to be consulted.
  • the memory carrier identification record 4 serves to identify each individual memory carrier 1.
  • the memory carrier identification record authentication code 4a ensures that a given memory carrier 1 cannot be falsified by copying it straight onto another, blank, memory carrier.
  • the life cycle record 5 contains information regarding the life cycle of each individual memory carrier 1, that is for instance, when it was produced, when it was activated, whether it has been previously locked or cancelled, whether it has been unlocked or reactivated, the expiration date, etc.
  • the life cycle record 5 also contains an authentication code 5a to ensure, for instance, that a stolen memory carrier 1 is not illegitimately reactivated.
  • Each contract identification record 6 contains information identifying a contract related to certain operations which the memory carrier 1 can authorize to perform. These operations may comprise logical access to an information system, physical access to an enclosed space, monetary transactions or access to services. In this way, a single memory carrier 1 can be used, for instance, to get entrance to a parking near an entertainment arena, to access the public transportation system so as to go from the parking to the arena, to get entrance to the arena, to pay for goods bought within the arena, etc. each one of these operations being actually related to a different contract with a different contractor.
  • Each contract identification record 6 also comprises a contract identification record authentication code 6a and a product identification code 6b, to ensure not only that spurious contract identification records cannot be added to a memory carrier 1, but also that a given contractor can only perform those operations related to its corresponding contract identification record, that is for instance, in the example given above, that the memory card reader of the arena access system cannot illegitimately charge the electronic wallet within the same memory carrier 1.
  • the memory carrier 1 could be a card and could also comprise data processing means and/or a contactless interface.
  • Contactless smart cards are particularly advantageous for realising the memory carrier 1, because of their capabilities, ease of use and practicality.
  • other types of memory carriers such as telephone SIM cards, should not be excluded.
  • the first step 10 of the method consists in reading the serial code 2 of the memory carrier 1.
  • the record allocation table 3 is read, and in step 30 its data integrity is checked using the record allocation table authentication code 3a. If this data integrity check fails, the authorisation process can be interrupted.
  • the memory carrier identification record 4 is read.
  • the memory carrier identification record authentication code 4a is contained, for example, as a two-digit trailer, in the memory carrier identification record.
  • This memory carrier identification record authentication step 50 comprises several smaller steps, illustrated in Fig. 3:
  • a security key is extracted from a security key table containing a plurality of potential security keys, each one identified by one key offset code.
  • Table 1 Example of security key table Key offset code Security key ... 26 523401 27 142035 28 420153 ...
  • step 90 Using this security key in a predefined encryption algorithm, it is then possible in step 90 to encrypt the above mentioned combination of at least part of the memory carrier identification record 4 and at least part of the serial code 2 to obtain a memory carrier security code.
  • step 100 the authentication code 4a of the memory carrier identification record 4 is verified by means of a check, in this case a redundancy check, in which this authentication code 4a is compared with the result of a predetermined calculation on the memory carrier security code. If that result does not match the authentication code 4a, the process of reading the memory carrier can be interrupted.
  • a check in this case a redundancy check, in which this authentication code 4a is compared with the result of a predetermined calculation on the memory carrier security code. If that result does not match the authentication code 4a, the process of reading the memory carrier can be interrupted.
  • step 110 will be to read the life cycle record 5.
  • Authenticating the life cycle record in step 120 will comprise a number of smaller steps, illustrated in turn in Fig. 4:
  • the next step 170 will be to read a contract identification record 6, followed by the step 180 of authenticating said contract identification record 6.
  • the contract identification record authentication step 180 in turn comprises several smaller steps, illustrated in Fig. 5:
  • the product key can be used in step 210 to encrypt the result of step 190 with yet another encryption algorithm to produce a business security code.
  • this business security code will then be compared in yet another check 220, in the form of a redundancy check, using yet another predefined calculation, with the authentication code 6a of said contract identification record 6. If this check 220 failed, the process could also be interrupted, but if the contract identification record 6 is authenticated, then the operations related to said contract could be authorised.
  • An access control system 11 comprises several memory carriers 1 as illustrated in Fig. 1, in this case in the form of contactless smart cards.
  • the access control system 11 also comprises several readers 12, each one of them capable of performing the method illustrated in Figs. 2-5 using the memory carriers 1.
  • Some of these readers 12 can be autonomous and contain the security key and product tables in local memory storage means, whereas some other of these readers 12 can be integrated in a network 13 connecting them to each other and to a remote memory storage means 14, and the security key and product key tables can be contained in the remote memory storage means 14 or distributed throughout the network 13.
  • the network 13 can be a local network in turn connected to a remote network (not illustrated) connected to several such local networks.
  • Each reader 12 can have access to product tables containing different selections of product keys, therefore enabling them to authorise operations related to different selections of contracts. So, some readers 12 can be associated, for example, to a parking access, other readers 12 to a payment system, whereas other readers 12 may be associated to public transportation services.
  • a reader 12 could either read all the contract information records 6 present in a memory carrier 1, or a selection thereof, such as only those contract information records 6 for which it has access to the corresponding product keys.

Abstract

Memory carrier 1 for access control, comprising a unique, read-only serial code 2; a plurality of records, comprising a memory carrier identification record 4 and at least one contract identification record 6;
wherein each one of the memory carrier identification record 4 and at least one contract identification record 6 comprise an authentication code 4a,6a; and the authentication code 4a of said memory carrier identification record 4 matches in a first check a memory carrier security code resulting from encrypting with a security key a combination of at least part of the unique, read-only serial code 2 and at least part said memory carrier identification record 4, and the authentication code 6a of each at least one contract identification record 6 matches in a second check a business security code resulting from encrypting with a product key a combination of at least part of a code containing information from said serial code 2, such as said memory carrier security code, and at least part of said contract identification record 6. The invention also comprises an authorisation method using such a memory carrier 1, a reader 12 for performing said authorisation method, a network 13 of several such readers 12 and an access control system 11 comprising at least one memory carrier 1 and a reader 12 and/or a network 13.

Description

  • The present invention relates to the technical field of memory carriers for access control systems.
  • It has been previously known to use such memory carriers, comprising a unique, read-only serial code and a plurality of records, comprising a memory carrier identification record and at least one contract identification record, for access control. In particular, contactless cards such as CALYPSO® or MIFARE® have already been proposed as a versatile means of providing both logical and physical access control to a variety of facilities, such as public transportation, telecommunications or monetary transaction facilities. A single such card can contain information about a plurality of contracts, thus providing access to several different facilities. Although such cards already usually comprise in-built security features, they do not, by themselves, provide comprehensive security, as the structure of the contract information and the method of reading it may leave loopholes and backdoors allowing potential abuse.
  • It is therefore the object of the invention to provide comprehensive security in memory carriers for access control systems. The invention solves this problem with the features of the characterising part of claim 1.
  • The authentication code of the memory carrier identification record ensures that copying the records from a valid memory carrier to a blank will not produce another valid memory carrier, since it is linked to both the memory carrier identification record, and the unique, read-only serial code of each memory carrier through an opaque encryption.
  • The authentication code of the at least one contract identification record ensures that copying the contract identification records of one valid memory carrier to another valid memory carrier will not produce valid contract identification records in the second memory carrier, since this other authentication code is linked to the memory carrier serial code and identification record, and to the specific contract identification record.
  • Moreover, the authentication code of the at least one contract identification record also ensures that no authorisation to proceed with operations related to a given contract can be given by a reader not having access to the specific product key associated with that contract.
  • Preferably, the memory carrier of the invention comprises a record allocation table pointing to the memory addresses of at least some of the plurality of records. Still more preferably, the record allocation table is dynamic, so that each record can be stored in the first available memory address, and said record allocation table comprises a record allocation table authentication code, so as to allow a data integrity check of said record allocation table.
  • A dynamic record allocation table enables a much faster authorisation process, a critical aspect in applications such as car parking access cards. The record allocation table authentication code ensures that this does not affect the security of the card and that the pointers to the memory addresses of the records can not be tampered with. The potential application of this secure dynamic record table is not limited to the memory carrier of the invention, and could also be applied to other memory carriers.
  • Preferably, the plurality of records also comprises other records, such as a life cycle record. This has the advantage of allowing further security measures against, for instance, the used of expired or stolen memory carriers.
  • The invention also provides a method for using said memory carrier for the authorisation of operations associated with one of the at least one contract identification record of said memory carrier, said method comprising the steps of:
    • reading the unique, read-only memory carrier serial code;
    • reading the memory carrier identification record;
    • obtaining the security key, at least partly from a source external to the memory carrier;
    • encrypting with said security key a combination of at least part of the memory carrier serial code and at least part of said memory carrier identification record, so as to obtain the memory carrier security code,
    • performing a first check comparing the authentication code of the memory carrier identification record with the result of performing a first predefined calculation on the memory carrier security code;
    • reading said one of the at least one contract identification records;
    • obtaining the corresponding product key, at least partly from a source external to the memory carrier;
    • encrypting with said product key a combination of at least part of a code containing information from said serial code 2, such as the memory carrier security code, and at least part of said one of the at least one contract identification record, so as to obtain a business security code; and
    • performing a second check comparing the authorisation code of said one of the at least one contract identification record with the result of performing a second predefined calculation on the business security code.
  • Preferably, when using a memory carrier comprising a record allocation table pointing to the memory addresses of at least some of the plurality of records, this method also comprises the step of finding in the record allocation table the memory addresses of each memory carrier record to be read. Still more preferably, when using a memory carrier comprising a dynamic record allocation table with a record allocation table authentication code, this method also comprises the step of performing said data integrity check on said dynamic record allocation table.
  • Preferably, when using a memory carrier comprising a life cycle record, this method also comprises the step of reading said life cycle record.
  • Preferably, when using a memory carrier comprising at least one record other than the memory carrier identification record and the at least one contract identification record, wherein said other record comprises a record authentication code, this method also comprises the steps of:
    • encrypting with said security key a combination of at least part of a code containing information from said serial code, such as the memory security code, and at least part of said other record, so as to obtain a record security code; and
    • performing said additional redundancy check comparing the result of performing an additional predefined calculation on the record security code with the authentication code of said other record.
  • Preferably, a product table contains a plurality of potential product keys, each one of them individually identified by a product identification code, said one of the at least one contract identification record contains a particular product identification code, and the step of obtaining the product key involves reading a product identification code contained in said contract identification record and extracting from said product table the product key identified by said particular product identification code.
  • Preferably, the operations associated with the at least one contract identification record comprise logical access to an information system.
  • Preferably, the operations associated with the at least one contract identification record comprise physical access to an enclosed space, comprising, for example, a secure building or at least one car parking space.
  • Preferably, the operations associated with the at least one contract identification record comprise monetary transactions.
  • Preferably, the operations associated with the at least one contract identification record comprise access to services comprising, for example, transportation or telecommunication services.
  • The invention also provides a reader for performing said method for using said memory carrier for the authorisation of operations associated with one of the at least one contract identification record of said memory carrier, wherein the reader preferably comprises local memory storage means for containing at least part of one of said security and/or product keys.
  • The invention also provides a network comprising at least one such reader connected to at least one other such reader and/or a remote memory storage means for containing at least part of one of said security and/or product keys.
  • The invention also provides an access control system comprising at least one such memory carrier and one such reader and/or network.
  • The invention will be described in detail and non-limitingly with reference to the accompanying figures, in which:
    • Fig. 1 represents a memory carrier according to the invention;
    • Fig. 2 is a flow diagram representing a method of using said memory carrier according to the invention;
    • Fig. 3 is a flow diagram representing the process of authenticating the memory carrier identification record;
    • Fig. 4 is a flow diagram representing the process of authenticating the life cycle record;
    • Fig. 5 is a flow diagram representing the process of authenticating a contract identification record; and
    • Fig. 6 represents an access control system according to the invention.
  • Referring now to Fig. 1, a memory carrier 1 is illustrated that contains a serial code 2, a record allocation table 3, comprising a record allocation table authentication code 3a, a memory carrier identification record 4, comprising a memory carrier identification record authentication code 4a, a life cycle record 5, comprising a life cycle record authentication code 5a, and at least one contract identification record 6, comprising a corresponding contract identification record authentication code 6a and a product key 6b.
  • The serial code 2 is unique to each memory carrier 1 and read-only, meaning that it can not be altered, erased or overwritten without destroying the memory carrier 1.
  • The record allocation table 3 contains the memory address of each individual record in the memory carrier 1. So, for reading and/or writing in a given record, the record allocation table 3 needs to be consulted first in order to ascertain the memory address, that is, the actual position within the memory carrier, of that particular record. The record allocation table 3 is dynamic, that is, it can reassign a given record to a different memory address than its original one. This accelerates the read/write process, which is very advantageous in time-critical applications, such as car parking access cards. To ensure, however, that this capability is not misused to tamper with its content, the record allocation table 3 also comprises a record allocation table authentication code 3a, which can be used to perform a data integrity check of the record allocation table 3 every time that it is to be consulted.
  • The memory carrier identification record 4 serves to identify each individual memory carrier 1. The memory carrier identification record authentication code 4a ensures that a given memory carrier 1 cannot be falsified by copying it straight onto another, blank, memory carrier.
  • The life cycle record 5 contains information regarding the life cycle of each individual memory carrier 1, that is for instance, when it was produced, when it was activated, whether it has been previously locked or cancelled, whether it has been unlocked or reactivated, the expiration date, etc. The life cycle record 5 also contains an authentication code 5a to ensure, for instance, that a stolen memory carrier 1 is not illegitimately reactivated.
  • Each contract identification record 6 contains information identifying a contract related to certain operations which the memory carrier 1 can authorize to perform. These operations may comprise logical access to an information system, physical access to an enclosed space, monetary transactions or access to services. In this way, a single memory carrier 1 can be used, for instance, to get entrance to a parking near an entertainment arena, to access the public transportation system so as to go from the parking to the arena, to get entrance to the arena, to pay for goods bought within the arena, etc. each one of these operations being actually related to a different contract with a different contractor.
  • Each contract identification record 6 also comprises a contract identification record authentication code 6a and a product identification code 6b, to ensure not only that spurious contract identification records cannot be added to a memory carrier 1, but also that a given contractor can only perform those operations related to its corresponding contract identification record, that is for instance, in the example given above, that the memory card reader of the arena access system cannot illegitimately charge the electronic wallet within the same memory carrier 1.
  • The memory carrier 1 could be a card and could also comprise data processing means and/or a contactless interface. Contactless smart cards are particularly advantageous for realising the memory carrier 1, because of their capabilities, ease of use and practicality. However, other types of memory carriers, such as telephone SIM cards, should not be excluded.
  • To illustrate an authorisation method using such a memory carrier 1, we will now refer to Figs. 2 to 4.
  • The first step 10 of the method consists in reading the serial code 2 of the memory carrier 1.
  • Example: Serial code=235
  • In the next step 20, the record allocation table 3 is read, and in step 30 its data integrity is checked using the record allocation table authentication code 3a. If this data integrity check fails, the authorisation process can be interrupted.
  • In the following step 40, using the memory address obtained from the record allocation table 3, the memory carrier identification record 4 is read. The memory carrier identification record authentication code 4a is contained, for example, as a two-digit trailer, in the memory carrier identification record.
  • Example: Memory carrier identification record=91748
    Memory carrier ID record authentication code=48
  • In the next step 50, the memory carrier identification record 4 has to be authenticated. This memory carrier identification record authentication step 50 in turn comprises several smaller steps, illustrated in Fig. 3:
    • In step 60 at least part of the serial code 2 and at least part of the memory carrier identification record 4 are combined by, for example, concatenating them. A key offset code is then calculated in step 70 using the result of this combination, by, for example, adding all digits.
  • Example: Combined value =235917
    Key offset code=2+3+5+9+1 +7=27
  • Using this key offset code, in step 80 a security key is extracted from a security key table containing a plurality of potential security keys, each one identified by one key offset code.
  • Example:
  • Table 1: Example of security key table
    Key offset code Security key
    ...
    26 523401
    27 142035
    28 420153
    ...
  • With key offset code=27, security key=142035
  • Using this security key in a predefined encryption algorithm, it is then possible in step 90 to encrypt the above mentioned combination of at least part of the memory carrier identification record 4 and at least part of the serial code 2 to obtain a memory carrier security code.
  • Example: Each digit of the security key indicates at which string position the corresponding digit of the combined value needs to be stored. In this example, the second digit of the combined value thus needs to be stored at string position 4. Table 2: Encryption example
    Combined value
    2 3 5 9 1 7
    Security key 1 4 2 0 3 5
    Position 0 1 2 3 4 5
    Memory carrier security code 9 2 5 1 3 7
  • In step 100, the authentication code 4a of the memory carrier identification record 4 is verified by means of a check, in this case a redundancy check, in which this authentication code 4a is compared with the result of a predetermined calculation on the memory carrier security code. If that result does not match the authentication code 4a, the process of reading the memory carrier can be interrupted.
  • Example: Memory carrier security code=925137
    925137 mod 97 = 48 = Authentication code of the memory carrier identification record
  • Turning back to Fig. 2, if the memory card identification record is authenticated, the next step 110 will be to read the life cycle record 5. Authenticating the life cycle record in step 120 will comprise a number of smaller steps, illustrated in turn in Fig. 4:
    • In step 130, at least part of a code comprising information from the memory carrier serial code, such as the memory carrier security code, and at least part of the life cycle record 5 are combined in a similar combination process as that of step 50. After this, in step 140 the result of this combination is encrypted using an additional predefined encryption algorithm with the security key obtained in step 70. In step 150, an additional check, in this case also a redundancy check, will compare the authentication code 5a contained in said life cycle record 5 with the result of an additional predefined calculation on the result of encryption step 140. If that result does not match the authentication code 5a, the process of reading the memory carrier can be interrupted.
  • Turning back to Fig. 2, if the life cycle record 5 is authenticated, and the memory carrier 1 is confirmed as active by the life cycle record 5 in step 160, the next step 170 will be to read a contract identification record 6, followed by the step 180 of authenticating said contract identification record 6. The contract identification record authentication step 180 in turn comprises several smaller steps, illustrated in Fig. 5:
    • In step 190, at least part of a code comprising information from the memory carrier serial code, such as the memory carrier security code and at least part of the contract identification record 6 are combined in a similar combination process as that of step 50. In step 200, which can be performed simultaneously to step 190, a product key is extracted using a product identification code 6b contained in the contract identification record 6 from a product table containing a plurality of potential product keys, each one identified by one product identification code 6b.
  • After this, the product key can be used in step 210 to encrypt the result of step 190 with yet another encryption algorithm to produce a business security code. To authenticate the contract identification record 6, this business security code will then be compared in yet another check 220, in the form of a redundancy check, using yet another predefined calculation, with the authentication code 6a of said contract identification record 6. If this check 220 failed, the process could also be interrupted, but if the contract identification record 6 is authenticated, then the operations related to said contract could be authorised.
  • Finally, to illustrate an example of an access control system according to this invention, we will turn to Fig. 6.
  • An access control system 11 comprises several memory carriers 1 as illustrated in Fig. 1, in this case in the form of contactless smart cards. The access control system 11 also comprises several readers 12, each one of them capable of performing the method illustrated in Figs. 2-5 using the memory carriers 1. Some of these readers 12 can be autonomous and contain the security key and product tables in local memory storage means, whereas some other of these readers 12 can be integrated in a network 13 connecting them to each other and to a remote memory storage means 14, and the security key and product key tables can be contained in the remote memory storage means 14 or distributed throughout the network 13. The network 13 can be a local network in turn connected to a remote network (not illustrated) connected to several such local networks.
  • Each reader 12 can have access to product tables containing different selections of product keys, therefore enabling them to authorise operations related to different selections of contracts. So, some readers 12 can be associated, for example, to a parking access, other readers 12 to a payment system, whereas other readers 12 may be associated to public transportation services. When executing the above-mentioned authorisation method, a reader 12 could either read all the contract information records 6 present in a memory carrier 1, or a selection thereof, such as only those contract information records 6 for which it has access to the corresponding product keys.
  • Although the present invention has been described with reference to specific exemplary embodiments, it will be evident that various modifications and changes may be made to these embodiments without departing from the broader scope of the invention as set forth in the claims. Accordingly, the description and drawings are to be regarded in an illustrative sense rather than a restrictive sense.

Claims (20)

  1. Memory carrier (1) for access control, comprising:
    - a unique, read-only serial code (2);
    - a plurality of records, comprising a memory carrier identification record (4) and at least one contract identification record (6);
    and characterised in that:
    - each one of the memory carrier identification record (4) and at least one contract identification record (6) comprises an authentication code (4a,6a); wherein
    - the authentication code (4a) of said memory carrier identification record (4) matches in a first check a memory carrier security code resulting from encrypting with a security key a combination of at least part of the unique, read-only serial code (2) and at least part said memory carrier identification record (4), and
    - the authentication code (6a) of each at least one contract identification record (6) matches in a second check a business security code resulting from encrypting with a product key a combination of at least part of a code containing information from said serial code (2), such as said memory carrier security code, and at least part of said contract identification record (6).
  2. A memory carrier (1) according to claim 1, also comprising a record allocation table (3) pointing to the memory addresses of at least some of the plurality of records.
  3. A memory carrier (1) according to claim 2, wherein said record allocation table (3) is dynamic, so that each record can be stored in the first available memory address, and said record allocation table (3) comprises a record allocation table authentication code (3a), so as to allow a data integrity check of said record allocation table (3).
  4. A memory carrier (1) according to any of the previous claims, wherein the plurality of records also comprises at least one record (5) other than the memory carrier identification record (4) and the at least one contract identification record (6), such as a life cycle record.
  5. A memory carrier (1) according to claim 4, wherein said at least one other record (5) comprises a record authentication code (5a) which matches in an additional check a record security code resulting from encrypting with said security key a combination of at least part of a code containing information from said serial code (2), such as said memory carrier security code, and at least part of said other record (5).
  6. Method of using a memory carrier (1) according to any of claims 1 to 5 for the authorisation of operations associated with one of the at least one contract identification record (6) of said memory carrier (6), said method comprising the steps of:
    - reading (10) the unique, read-only memory carrier serial code (2);
    - reading (40) the memory carrier identification record;
    - obtaining (60,70,80) the security key, at least partly from a source external to the memory carrier (1);
    - encrypting (90) with said security key a combination of at least part of the memory carrier serial code (2) and at least part of said memory carrier identification record (4), so as to obtain the memory carrier security code,
    - performing said first check (100) comparing the authentication code (4a) of the memory carrier identification record (4) with the result of performing a first predefined calculation on the memory carrier security code;
    - reading (170) said one of the at least one contract identification record (6);
    - obtaining (200) the corresponding product key, at least partly from a source external to the memory carrier (1);
    - encrypting (210) with said product key a combination of at least part of a code containing information from said serial code (2), such as the memory carrier security code, and at least part of said one of the at least one contract identification record (6), so as to obtain a business security code; and
    - performing said second check (220) comparing the authorisation code (6a) of said one of the at least one contract identification record (6) with the result of performing a second predefined calculation on the business security code.
  7. A method according to claim 6 for using a memory carrier according to claims 2 or 3, also comprising the step of finding (20) in the record allocation table (3) the memory addresses of each memory carrier record (4,5,6) to be read.
  8. A method according to claim 7 for using a memory carrier according to claim 3, also comprising the step of performing a data integrity check (30) on the record allocation table (3).
  9. A method according to any of claims 6 to 8 for using a memory carrier according to claim 4, also comprising the step of reading (110) said other record (5).
  10. A method according to claim 9 for using a memory carrier according to claim 4, and wherein said at least one other record (5) is a life cycle record, wherein said method also comprises the step of checking (160) in the life cycle record (5) whether the memory carrier (1) is currently active.
  11. A method according to claims 9 or 10 for using a memory carrier according to claim 5, also comprising the steps of:
    - encrypting (140) with said security key a combination of at least part of a code containing information from said serial code (2), such as the memory carrier security code, and at least part of said other record (5), so as to obtain a record security code; and
    - performing said additional redundancy check (150) comparing the result of performing an additional predefined calculation on the record security code with the authentication code (5a) of said other record (5).
  12. A method according to any of claims 6 to 11, wherein a security key table contains a plurality of potential security keys, each one of them individually identified by a key offset code, and the step of obtaining the security key comprises the steps of:
    - performing (70) a further additional predefined calculation involving at least part of the memory carrier serial code and at least part of the memory carrier identification record to obtain one particular key offset code; and
    - extracting (80) from said security key table the security key identified by that particular key offset code.
  13. A method according to any of claims 6 to 12, wherein said one of the at least one contract identification record contains a particular product identification code, and the step of obtaining the product key comprises the steps of:
    - reading a product identification code contained in said contract identification record (6); and
    - extracting (210) from a product table containing a plurality of potential product keys, each one of them individually identified by a different product identification code, the product key identified by the product identification code contained in said contract identification record (6).
  14. A method according to any of claims 6 to 13, wherein the operations associated with the at least one contract identification record (6) comprise logical access to an information system.
  15. A method according to any of claims 6 to 14, wherein the operations associated with the at least one contract identification record (6) comprise physical access to an enclosed space, comprising, for example, a secure building, an entertainment venue or at least one car parking space.
  16. A method according to any of claims 6 to 15, wherein the operations associated with the at least one contract identification record (6) comprise monetary transactions.
  17. A method according to any of claims 6 to 16, wherein the operations associated with the at least one contract identification record (6) comprise access to services comprising, for example, transportation or telecommunication services.
  18. A reader (12) adapted for performing the authorisation method of at least one of claims 6 to 17, preferably comprising local memory storage means for containing at least part of one of said security and/or product keys.
  19. A network (13) comprising at least one reader (12) according to claim 18 and, connected to said at least one reader (12), at least one other reader (12) according to claim 18 and/or at least one remote memory storage means (14) for containing at least part of one of said security and/or product keys.
  20. An access control system (11) comprising at least one memory carrier (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5 and at least one reader (12) according to claim 18 and/or a network (13) according to claim 19.
EP06113897A 2006-05-12 2006-05-12 Memory carrier, authorisation method, reader, network and access control system Withdrawn EP1855254A1 (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP06113897A EP1855254A1 (en) 2006-05-12 2006-05-12 Memory carrier, authorisation method, reader, network and access control system
PCT/EP2007/054563 WO2007131952A1 (en) 2006-05-12 2007-05-11 Memory carrier, authorisation method, reader, network and access control system
ES07729015T ES2332022T3 (en) 2006-05-12 2007-05-11 MEMORY CARRIER, AUTHORIZATION METHOD, READER, NETWORK AND ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEM.
DE602007002495T DE602007002495D1 (en) 2006-05-12 2007-05-11 STORAGE CARRIER, AUTHORIZATION PROCEDURE, READER, NETWORK AND ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEM
AT07729015T ATE443305T1 (en) 2006-05-12 2007-05-11 STORAGE MEDIUM, AUTHORIZATION METHOD, READER, NETWORK AND ACCESS CONTROL SYSTEM
EP07729015A EP2018632B1 (en) 2006-05-12 2007-05-11 Memory carrier, authorisation method, reader, network and access control system

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP06113897A EP1855254A1 (en) 2006-05-12 2006-05-12 Memory carrier, authorisation method, reader, network and access control system

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1855254A1 true EP1855254A1 (en) 2007-11-14
EP1855254A8 EP1855254A8 (en) 2008-04-02

Family

ID=37103125

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06113897A Withdrawn EP1855254A1 (en) 2006-05-12 2006-05-12 Memory carrier, authorisation method, reader, network and access control system
EP07729015A Active EP2018632B1 (en) 2006-05-12 2007-05-11 Memory carrier, authorisation method, reader, network and access control system

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07729015A Active EP2018632B1 (en) 2006-05-12 2007-05-11 Memory carrier, authorisation method, reader, network and access control system

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (2) EP1855254A1 (en)
AT (1) ATE443305T1 (en)
DE (1) DE602007002495D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2332022T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2007131952A1 (en)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4816653A (en) * 1986-05-16 1989-03-28 American Telephone And Telegraph Company Security file system for a portable data carrier
US5721781A (en) * 1995-09-13 1998-02-24 Microsoft Corporation Authentication system and method for smart card transactions
US5768379A (en) * 1994-07-13 1998-06-16 La Poste System for the checking of limited access to authorized time slots renewable by means of a portable storage device
WO2002005482A1 (en) * 2000-07-06 2002-01-17 Drexler Technology Corporation Secure transactions with passive storage media

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4816653A (en) * 1986-05-16 1989-03-28 American Telephone And Telegraph Company Security file system for a portable data carrier
US5768379A (en) * 1994-07-13 1998-06-16 La Poste System for the checking of limited access to authorized time slots renewable by means of a portable storage device
US5721781A (en) * 1995-09-13 1998-02-24 Microsoft Corporation Authentication system and method for smart card transactions
WO2002005482A1 (en) * 2000-07-06 2002-01-17 Drexler Technology Corporation Secure transactions with passive storage media

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2332022T3 (en) 2010-01-22
EP1855254A8 (en) 2008-04-02
ATE443305T1 (en) 2009-10-15
EP2018632B1 (en) 2009-09-16
DE602007002495D1 (en) 2009-10-29
WO2007131952A1 (en) 2007-11-22
EP2018632A1 (en) 2009-01-28

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US5900606A (en) Method of writing information securely in a portable medium
US5185798A (en) Ic card system having a function of authenticating destroyed data
US9208493B2 (en) Credit card security system and method
Sherman et al. Secure network access using multiple applications of AT&T's smart card
JP2002512715A (en) Secure multi-application card system and process
CN1811836A (en) Adjusting chartered right for permitted use a secure credit card and a secure credit card
US20060200674A1 (en) Method for securing rfid charge value media via cryptographic signing and block locking
CN113450092A (en) Block chain network-based article safe and efficient transaction method, system and storage medium
CN1158635C (en) Card memory appts.
KR20000069703A (en) Chip card and method for its use
US6662151B1 (en) System for secured reading and processing of data on intelligent data carriers
MXPA05013842A (en) Method for carrying out update writing and allocating a memory used for file writing on a memory carrier in the form of a chip card.
US8276814B1 (en) System and method for carrying out secure transactions
US7562050B2 (en) Aging of electronic payment units
RU2412484C2 (en) Secure mobile terminal for electronic transactions and secure electronic transaction system
EP2018632B1 (en) Memory carrier, authorisation method, reader, network and access control system
JPH1131190A (en) Electronic money card, electronic money reception/ payment machine and electronic money card editing device
JPH0822517A (en) Forgery preventing system for hybrid card
JP2532063B2 (en) IC card
JP2003108530A (en) Authenticating system
JP6270005B1 (en) Magnetic recording card and information verification system
JPH09106456A (en) Personal identification method in card utilization, personal identification system using ic card and ic card used for the system
US7928831B1 (en) System and method for handling user keys and user passwords in a tagging system where the tag itself is capable of carrying only a single key or password
Kose et al. ADVANCES IN CYBER-PHYSICAL SYSTEMS Vol. 7, Num. 1, 2022 A SECURE DESIGN ON MIFARE CLASSIC CARDS FOR ENSURING CONTACTLESS PAYMENT AND CONTROL SERVICES
Shelfer et al. Smartcards.

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: AL BA HR MK YU

AKX Designation fees paid
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: 8566

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION IS DEEMED TO BE WITHDRAWN

18D Application deemed to be withdrawn

Effective date: 20080515