EP0651362A1 - Multichannel radio alarm system using frequency hopping - Google Patents

Multichannel radio alarm system using frequency hopping Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0651362A1
EP0651362A1 EP94116872A EP94116872A EP0651362A1 EP 0651362 A1 EP0651362 A1 EP 0651362A1 EP 94116872 A EP94116872 A EP 94116872A EP 94116872 A EP94116872 A EP 94116872A EP 0651362 A1 EP0651362 A1 EP 0651362A1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
alarm system
radio
detectors
central unit
transmission
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EP94116872A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0651362B1 (en
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Horst Grundig E.M.V. Elsinger
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Grundig AG
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Grundig EMV Elektromechanische Versuchsanstalt Max Grundig GmbH
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08BSIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B25/00Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems
    • G08B25/01Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems characterised by the transmission medium
    • G08B25/10Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems characterised by the transmission medium using wireless transmission systems
    • GPHYSICS
    • G08SIGNALLING
    • G08BSIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B25/00Alarm systems in which the location of the alarm condition is signalled to a central station, e.g. fire or police telegraphic systems
    • G08B25/007Details of data content structure of message packets; data protocols

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a radio alarm system according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • the Security- (Sicherheit-) Electronic has developed into a valuable aid to immediately report fire, robbery, theft, burglary, robbery and kidnapping.
  • the various components of an alarm system essentially have to perform the following tasks: Detect, evaluate, alert.
  • a break-in process is detected using automatic detectors (detectors) that work according to different principles depending on the application.
  • the messages are evaluated in a central unit, depending on different status conditions, and the alarm is given either by forwarding the alarm, for example to a police station, or in the form of a local alarm by activating alarm devices such as sirens, alarm flashing lights or the like.
  • Modern alarm systems usually consist of a central unit (including power supply), switching devices for arming / disarming, automatic intrusion detectors, manually operated hold-up alarms, transmission devices and / or local alarm devices and a line network.
  • detectors can be divided into three groups: detectors for outdoor surveillance, detectors for outer skin surveillance and detectors for indoor and property surveillance.
  • the automatic intrusion detectors are connected to the control center in series via so-called alarm lines and work according to the closed-circuit principle. A certain quiescent current flows through all detectors. If the current is interrupted by the triggering of a detector, an alarm message is issued. The alarm is also triggered if the detection line is destroyed or short-circuited at any point.
  • Various components such as switching devices, local alarm devices, etc. are additionally protected via a so-called sabotage line, i.e. an alarm is triggered if these components are opened or damaged.
  • a radio alarm system is known from DE-A-40 35 070, which offers adequate protection against interference by blocking the radio links and against manipulation from outside.
  • the known radio alarm system consists of a central unit with a receiver unit for receiving radio signals from detectors in the form of data telegrams.
  • the receiver units are designed so that only data telegrams from detectors belonging to the radio alarm system are processed in order to trigger an alarm or a function.
  • each detector of the radio alarm system sends out at least two radio signals of different carrier frequencies, which are coded the same or different (in the sense of an identifier).
  • the central unit with its receiver unit receives at least two different radio signals from each detector and checks the affiliation of the detectors emitting the radio signals by checking the validity of the coding (identifier).
  • the radio signals emitted by the individual detectors are subjected to a field strength check in an evaluation unit, which further increases the interference immunity can be.
  • the message channels are formed in this radio alarm system using frequency division multiplexing.
  • a radio transmission method for an alarm system is known from EP-A1-0 293 627, in which the same radio frequency is used to transmit information between a central unit and the components of the alarm system.
  • the individual message channels are formed using a time division multiplex method. These message channels are cyclical, i.e. queried sequentially in time in the central unit to determine whether a message is being transmitted via the respective time channel.
  • a polling cycle is only carried out in the radio transmission method according to EP-A1-0 293 627 if it has been found in a previous, much shorter total polling, in which all components are polled simultaneously, that Information has arisen for at least one component (eg a detector).
  • the entire bandwidth of a single radio channel is available to each device, which, however, may only be used by the device for short periods of time.
  • the characters or character strings of different devices are interleaved and are transmitted at a correspondingly higher bit rate in the single radio channel, the time channel (message channel) assigned to each device being repeated periodically with the frame period.
  • the total bandwidth available for message transmission is divided into narrow frequency bands, each of which corresponds to a message transmission channel. Such a narrow frequency band is available to each device for the duration of the radio transmission.
  • frequency-division multiplex or time-division multiplex methods are used in radio alarm systems for message transmission.
  • the frequency hopping method is also known for interference-free radio transmission. Such a method is given, for example, in German published application DE-A-34 15 032. There, the carrier frequency is changed at short intervals in a pseudorandom manner within a predetermined frequency band.
  • a code generator is arranged in the transmission devices of the radio stations, which generates a hopping scheme which characterizes the transmission device. To further increase the transmission security, the hopping frequencies are monitored for interference interference and the frequencies at which interference frequently occurs are no longer used for transmission.
  • the invention has for its object to make the formation of message channels in a radio alarm system so that the interference immunity is increased in a simple manner and that the simultaneous interference-free transmission of messages is made possible.
  • the radio alarm system according to the invention has the advantage that no effort is required for time slot synchronization, as is essential for a TDMA system (Time Division Multiple Access). Only this makes it possible to design the predominantly numerical connections between the detectors and the central unit as unidirectional routes.
  • TDMA Time Division Multiple Access
  • the cost-effective implementation results from the fact that only one transmitter is required in the detectors.
  • the high receiver effort arises only in the (few) central unit (s); there at least the power supply is not a problem.
  • the message channels are formed using the frequency hopping method so that the messages can be sent asynchronously, on the other hand the messages have to be repeated at sufficiently small time intervals since these are listened to asynchronously by the receiver.
  • the transmitter sends the telegram asynchronously and repeats it for a predefinable number of passes.
  • the transmission time is divided into time slots (chips) and a carrier frequency is selected pseudo-randomly for each time slot.
  • the signals transmitted in the time slots mentioned are received and evaluated in the receiver.
  • the synchronization of the receiver with the time slots must be maintained at least until a telegram has been completely received.
  • the multitude of required individual channels is formed by broadcasting the messages with a characteristic repetition period.
  • the design of the radio alarm system according to claim 2 has the advantage that a blockage of the radio channel with high probability is a sabotage and not a "natural" event (eg co-users of the frequency band). Due to the spreading with, for example, pseudo-random hop frequencies, any time shifts in the data telegrams are possible possible, but symbol interference is reliably avoided.
  • the spreading factor used here is a compromise in order to combine the advantages of band spreading with the demand for frequency economy.
  • a single radio transmission band is used for the transmission of information in the direction of return, the quality of reception of the message transmission channels contained therein can be measured during the initial start-up and a corresponding adaptation to the channel properties (setting of the transmission field strength) can be carried out.
  • the transmission security can be increased in a simple manner for all message transmission channels. It is also possible to save the measured values determined.
  • each data telegram comprises successive blocks with code words of the same length. If a signal is received outside of the given code words or time intervals, this is a first indication of sabotage. Transmission pauses could possibly be made in the case of routine reports if the interference field strength of the radio channel is monitored by the central unit.
  • the embodiment of the radio alarm system according to claim 5 requires little circuitry without having to accept restrictions in the operational safety of the alarm system.
  • a large number of message channels for transmitting messages in the form of data telegrams between detectors M1 ... Mn, in particular glass break detectors, infrared detectors, capacitive detectors, structure-borne sound detectors, opening detectors, microwave detectors, ultrasound detectors etc., between switching devices S, in particular Block locks, time-controlled switching devices and electronic switching devices, and between control units ST, in particular automatic dialing devices for alarm devices, in particular sirens and flash lamps or the like, and a microprocessor-controlled central unit ZE.
  • the message channels are formed using the frequency hopping method.
  • the spread message channels thus formed are then superimposed on one another and onto a single one Carrier frequency band implemented.
  • Pseudo-random hop frequencies are preferably used for spreading.
  • a data telegram exchange is initiated, for example, every 20-30 seconds.
  • interference mode ie when an interference field strength is detected, the data telegram is exchanged, for example, every 4 - 5 seconds, as is proposed in an unpublished application with the official file number P 42 39 702.2.
  • the system delay T s from the response of a detector M to the triggering of the alarm (as well as for sabotage detection) is 10 s. With a net data volume of 32 bits (4 bytes per telegram) and a number of 224 (16 million) different encodings, less than one false alarm can be expected in 100 years.
  • the high level of transmission security means that the requirements placed on operational security by the association of property insurers are more than met.
  • the central unit ZE has a synchronization device K, which is set to the spreading code to be evaluated by means of a microprocessor MP and an evaluation unit AE connected to it and using a hopping scheme, for example stored in a memory SP.

Abstract

Radio alarm systems with a multiplicity of channels for transmitting messages between glass break detector, break detector (opening detector) and the like, and a microprocessor-controlled central unit are known. The individual channels are formed in this case in accordance with the time-division multiplex system or by using the frequency-division multiplex system. In order to increase interference immunity in a simple manner and to allow at the same time the interference-free transmission of messages via the different channels, the channels are formed in the transmission direction from the detectors (sensors) to the central unit by using frequency hopping. The spread (expanded) channels thus formed are subsequently superposed on one another and converted to a single carrier frequency. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Funkalarmanlage gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a radio alarm system according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Die Security- (Sicherheits-) Electronic hat sich zu einer wertvollen Hilfe entwickelt, um Brand, Raub, Diebstahl, Einbruch, Überfall und Entführung sofort zu melden. Im wesentlichen haben die verschiedenen Komponenten einer Alarmanlage folgende Aufgaben zu erfüllen:
Erkennen, Auswerten, Alarmieren.
The Security- (Sicherheit-) Electronic has developed into a valuable aid to immediately report fire, robbery, theft, burglary, robbery and kidnapping. The various components of an alarm system essentially have to perform the following tasks:
Detect, evaluate, alert.

Das Erkennen eines Einbruchsvorgangs erfolgt mit automatischen Detektoren (Meldern), die je nach Anwendungszweck nach verschiedenen Prinzipien arbeiten. Die Auswertung der Meldungen geschieht in einer Zentraleinheit, abhängig von unterschiedlichen Zustandsbedingungen, und die Alarmierung erfolgt entweder durch Weiterleitung des Alarms, etwa zu einer Polizeidienststelle oder in Form eines örtlichen Alarms durch Aktivieren von Alarmgebern wie Sirenen, Alarm-Blitzleuchten oder dgl..
Moderne Alarmanlagen bestehen in der Regel aus einer Zentraleinheit (einschließlich Stromversorgung), Schalteinrichtungen zum Scharf-/Unscharfschalten, automatischen Einbruchmeldern, manuell betätigbaren Überfallmeldern, Übertragungseinrichtungen und/oder örtlichen Alarmgebern und einem Leitungsnetz.
A break-in process is detected using automatic detectors (detectors) that work according to different principles depending on the application. The messages are evaluated in a central unit, depending on different status conditions, and the alarm is given either by forwarding the alarm, for example to a police station, or in the form of a local alarm by activating alarm devices such as sirens, alarm flashing lights or the like.
Modern alarm systems usually consist of a central unit (including power supply), switching devices for arming / disarming, automatic intrusion detectors, manually operated hold-up alarms, transmission devices and / or local alarm devices and a line network.

Als Melder werden je nach zu schützendem Objekt und Aufwand einfache Riegel- oder Magnetkontakte oder Ultraschallmelder der verschiedensten Varianten eingesetzt. Unabhängig von ihrer Wirkungsweise kann man die Melder in drei Gruppen einteilen: Melder für Freigeländeüberwachung, Melder für Außenhautüberwachung und Melder für Innenraum und Objektüberwachung.Depending on the object to be protected and the effort involved, simple bolt or magnetic contacts or ultrasonic detectors of various variants are used as detectors. Regardless of their mode of action, the detectors can be divided into three groups: detectors for outdoor surveillance, detectors for outer skin surveillance and detectors for indoor and property surveillance.

Bei herkömmlichen Alarmanlagen sind die automatischen Einbruchmelder über sogenannte Meldelinien mit der Zentrale in Reihenschaltung verbunden und arbeiten nach dem Ruhestromprinzip. Durch alle Melder fließt ständig ein bestimmter Ruhestrom. Wird durch die Auslösung eines Melders der Strom unterbrochen, so erfolgt Alarmmeldung. Alarm wird ebenfalls ausgelöst bei Zerstörung oder Kurzschluß der Meldelinie an einer beliebigen Stelle.In conventional alarm systems, the automatic intrusion detectors are connected to the control center in series via so-called alarm lines and work according to the closed-circuit principle. A certain quiescent current flows through all detectors. If the current is interrupted by the triggering of a detector, an alarm message is issued. The alarm is also triggered if the detection line is destroyed or short-circuited at any point.

Verschiedene Komponenten, wie beispielsweise Schalteinrichtungen, örtliche Alarmgeber usw. werden zusätzlich über eine sogenannte Sabotagelinie geschützt, d.h. es wird Alarm ausgelöst, wenn diese Komponenten geöffnet oder beschädigt werden.Various components, such as switching devices, local alarm devices, etc. are additionally protected via a so-called sabotage line, i.e. an alarm is triggered if these components are opened or damaged.

Damit erfüllen herkömmliche leitungsgebundene Alarmanlagen die hohen Anforderungen vom Verband der Sachversicherer in Bezug auf die Störsicherheit. Bei Verwendung von Lichtwellenleitern werden folgende Vorteile erreicht: hohe Störsicherheit gegen elektromagnetische Wellen, hohe Übertragungskapazität und galvanische Trennung von Sender und Empfänger. Nachteilig ist jedoch der hohe Aufwand für die Verlegung des Leitungsnetzes, insbesondere wenn dies nachträglich erfolgt.Conventional wired alarm systems thus meet the high requirements of the association of property insurers with regard to interference immunity. The following advantages are achieved when using optical fibers: high immunity to electromagnetic waves, high Transmission capacity and galvanic isolation of transmitter and receiver. However, it is disadvantageous that there is a great deal of effort involved in laying the line network, particularly if this is done subsequently.

Aus der DE-A-40 35 070 ist eine Funkalarmanlage bekannt, welche eine hinreichende Sicherung gegen eine Störung durch Blockierung der Funkstrecken sowie gegen eine Manipulation von außen bietet. Die bekannte Funkalarmanlage besteht aus einer Zentraleinheit mit einer Empfängereinheit zum Empfangen von Funksignalen von Meldern in Form von Datentelegrammen. Die Empfängereinheiten sind so ausgelegt, daß nur Datentelegramme von zu der Funkalarmanlage gehörige Meldern verarbeitet werden, um einen Alarm oder eine Funktion auszulösen. Insbesondere um eine Manipulation von außen mit einem anlagegleichen Funksender zu verhindern, sendet jeder Melder der Funkalarmanlage wenigstens zwei Funksignale unterschiedlicher Trägerfrequenz aus, die gleich oder unterschiedlich codiert (im Sinne einer Kennung) sind. Dementsprechend empfängt die Zentraleinheit mit ihrer Empfängereinheit mindestens zwei verschiedene Funksignale von jedem Melder und überprüft die Zugehörigkeit der die Funksignale abgebenden Melder durch Überprüfung der Gültigkeit der Codierung (Kennung).A radio alarm system is known from DE-A-40 35 070, which offers adequate protection against interference by blocking the radio links and against manipulation from outside. The known radio alarm system consists of a central unit with a receiver unit for receiving radio signals from detectors in the form of data telegrams. The receiver units are designed so that only data telegrams from detectors belonging to the radio alarm system are processed in order to trigger an alarm or a function. In particular, in order to prevent manipulation from the outside with a radio transmitter of the same system, each detector of the radio alarm system sends out at least two radio signals of different carrier frequencies, which are coded the same or different (in the sense of an identifier). Accordingly, the central unit with its receiver unit receives at least two different radio signals from each detector and checks the affiliation of the detectors emitting the radio signals by checking the validity of the coding (identifier).

Außerdem wird bei der aus der DE-A-40 35 070 bekannten Funkalarmanlage vorgeschlagen, daß die von den einzelnen Meldern abgestrahlten Funksignale in einer Auswerteeinheit einer Feldstärkenüberprüfung unterzogen werden, wodurch die Störsicherheit noch weiter erhöht werden kann. Zur Erfüllung der VdS-Richtlinien (Richtlinien des Verbandes der Sachversicherer) werden bei dieser Funkalarmanlage die Nachrichtenkanäle unter Anwendung des Frequenzmultiplexverfahrens gebildet.In addition, it is proposed in the radio alarm system known from DE-A-40 35 070 that the radio signals emitted by the individual detectors are subjected to a field strength check in an evaluation unit, which further increases the interference immunity can be. To comply with the VdS guidelines (guidelines of the Association of Property Insurers), the message channels are formed in this radio alarm system using frequency division multiplexing.

Weiterhin ist aus der EP-A1-0 293 627 ein Funkübertragungsverfahren für eine Alarmanlage bekannt, bei dem zur Übermittlung von Informationen zwischen einer Zentraleinheit und den Komponenten der Alarmanlage jeweils dieselbe Funkfrequenz verwendet wird. Die einzelnen Nachrichtenkanäle werden dabei nach einem Zeitmultiplexverfahren gebildet. Diese Nachrichtenkanäle werden zyklisch, d.h. zeitlich getrennt nacheinander in der Zentraleinheit dahingehend abgefragt, ob über den jeweiligen Zeitkanal eine Nachrichtenübertragung erfolgt. Um nun nutzlose und zeitraubende Abfragezyklen zu vermeiden, wird beim Funkübertragungsverfahren gemäß der EP-A1-0 293 627 ein Abfragezyklus nur dann durchlaufen, wenn in einer vorangegangenen, sehr viel kürzeren Summenabfrage, bei der alle Komponenten gleichzeitig abgefragt werden, festgestellt worden ist, daß bei wenigstens einer Komponente (z.B. einem Melder) eine Information angefallen ist.Furthermore, a radio transmission method for an alarm system is known from EP-A1-0 293 627, in which the same radio frequency is used to transmit information between a central unit and the components of the alarm system. The individual message channels are formed using a time division multiplex method. These message channels are cyclical, i.e. queried sequentially in time in the central unit to determine whether a message is being transmitted via the respective time channel. In order to avoid useless and time-consuming polling cycles, a polling cycle is only carried out in the radio transmission method according to EP-A1-0 293 627 if it has been found in a previous, much shorter total polling, in which all components are polled simultaneously, that Information has arisen for at least one component (eg a detector).

Schließlich ist aus der EP-A1-0 316 853 eine Funkalarmanlage bekannt, bei der zur Sicherung gegen Sabotage zusätzliche Impulse, sogenannte Pseudoimpulse, übertragen werden. Das zeitrichtige Eintreffen der Zusatzimpulse wird in der Zentraleinheit erkannt und entsprechend gewertet.Finally, a radio alarm system is known from EP-A1-0 316 853, in which additional impulses, so-called pseudo impulses, are transmitted to protect against sabotage. The timely arrival of the additional pulses is recognized in the central unit and evaluated accordingly.

Prinzipiell sind zur Nachrichtenübertragung über ein von einer Vielzahl von Einrichtungen gemeinsam benutztes Übertragungsmedium (z.B. Leitung, Funkstrecke) drei Grundverfahren bekannt, nämlich das Zeitmultiplex-Verfahren, das Frequenzmultiplex-Verfahren und das Codemultiplex-Verfahren.In principle, for the transmission of messages via a shared by a large number of facilities Transmission medium (eg line, radio link) three basic methods known, namely the time division multiplex method, the frequency division multiplex method and the code division multiplex method.

Beim Zeitmultiplex-Verfahren steht jeder Einrichtung die gesamte Bandbreite eines einzigen Funkkanals zur Verfügung, welches von der Einrichtung aber nur für kurze Zeitabschnitte benutzt werden darf. Die Zeichen oder Zeichenfolgen verschiedener Einrichtungen sind ineinander verschachtelt und werden mit entsprechend höherer Bitrate im einzigen Funkkanal übertragen, wobei der jeweils einer Einrichtung zugeordnete Zeitkanal (Nachrichtenkanal) sich periodisch mit der Rahmenperiodendauer wiederholt.In the time-division multiplex method, the entire bandwidth of a single radio channel is available to each device, which, however, may only be used by the device for short periods of time. The characters or character strings of different devices are interleaved and are transmitted at a correspondingly higher bit rate in the single radio channel, the time channel (message channel) assigned to each device being repeated periodically with the frame period.

Beim Frequenzmultiplex-Verfahren wird die zur Nachrichtenübertragung zur Verfügung stehende Gesamtbandbreite in schmale Frequenzbänder unterteilt, welche jeweils einem Nachrichtenübertragungskanal entsprechen. Für die Dauer der Funkübertragung steht jeder Einrichtung ein solches schmales Frequenzband zur Verfügung. In der Praxis werden bei Funkalarmanlagen zur Nachrichtenübertragung Frequenzmultiplex- oder Zeitmultiplex-Verfahren eingesetzt.In the frequency division multiplex method, the total bandwidth available for message transmission is divided into narrow frequency bands, each of which corresponds to a message transmission channel. Such a narrow frequency band is available to each device for the duration of the radio transmission. In practice, frequency-division multiplex or time-division multiplex methods are used in radio alarm systems for message transmission.

Zur störsicheren Funkübertragung ist weiterhin das Frequenz-Hopping-Verfahren bekannt. Ein derartiges Verfahren ist beispielsweise in der deutschen Offenlegungsschrift DE-A-34 15 032 angegeben. Dort wird die Trägerfrequenz in kurzen Intervallen pseudozufällig innerhalb eines vorgegebenen Frequenzbandes verändert. In den Sendeeinrichtungen der Funkstationen ist ein Codegenerator angeordnet, welcher ein die Sendeeinrichtung kennzeichnendes Hoppschema erzeugt.
Zur weiteren Erhöhung der Übertragungssicherheit werden die Sprungfrequenzen auf Interferenzstörungen hin überwacht und die Frequenzen, bei denen häufig Störungen auftreten, werden zur Übertragung nicht mehr benutzt.
The frequency hopping method is also known for interference-free radio transmission. Such a method is given, for example, in German published application DE-A-34 15 032. There, the carrier frequency is changed at short intervals in a pseudorandom manner within a predetermined frequency band. In A code generator is arranged in the transmission devices of the radio stations, which generates a hopping scheme which characterizes the transmission device.
To further increase the transmission security, the hopping frequencies are monitored for interference interference and the frequencies at which interference frequently occurs are no longer used for transmission.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, in einer Funkalarmanlage die Bildung von Nachrichtenkanälen derart vorzunehmen, daß auf einfache Art und Weise die Störsicherheit erhöht und daß die gleichzeitige störungsfreie Übertragung von Meldungen ermöglicht wird.The invention has for its object to make the formation of message channels in a radio alarm system so that the interference immunity is increased in a simple manner and that the simultaneous interference-free transmission of messages is made possible.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß bei einer Funkalarmanlage mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is achieved in a radio alarm system with the features of claim 1.

Die erfindungsgemäße Funkalarmanlage weist den Vorteil auf, daß kein Aufwand für eine Zeitschlitzsynchronisierung erforderlich ist, wie sie für ein TDMA-System (Time Division Multiple Access) unverzichtbar ist. Erst dies ermöglicht es, die zahlenmäßig überwiegenden Verbindungen zwischen Meldern und Zentraleinheit als unidirektionale Strecken auszubilden.The radio alarm system according to the invention has the advantage that no effort is required for time slot synchronization, as is essential for a TDMA system (Time Division Multiple Access). Only this makes it possible to design the predominantly numerical connections between the detectors and the central unit as unidirectional routes.

Weiterhin wird bei dar erfindungsgemäßen Funkalarmanlage sichergestellt, daß selbst im Fall einer Überlagerung mehrerer Meldungen der momentan angewählte Sender sicher empfangen wird.Furthermore, it is ensured in the radio alarm system according to the invention that even in the event of a superposition of several messages, the currently selected transmitter is reliably received.

Die kostengünstige Realisierung ergibt sich daraus, daß in den Meldern nur ein Sender erforderlich ist. Der hohe Empfängeraufwand entsteht nur in der/den (wenigen) Zentraleinheit/einheiten; dort ist zumindest die Stromversorgung kein Problem. Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Funkalarmanlage werden die Nachrichtenkanäle nach dem Frequenz-Hopping-Verfahren gebildet, so daß die Meldungen asynchron gesendet werden können, andererseits müssen die Meldungen in ausreichend kleinen Zeitabständen wiederholt werden, da diese vom Empfänger asynchron abgehört werden.The cost-effective implementation results from the fact that only one transmitter is required in the detectors. The high receiver effort arises only in the (few) central unit (s); there at least the power supply is not a problem. In the radio alarm system according to the invention, the message channels are formed using the frequency hopping method so that the messages can be sent asynchronously, on the other hand the messages have to be repeated at sufficiently small time intervals since these are listened to asynchronously by the receiver.

Der Sender sendet das Telegramm asynchron aus und wiederholt es eine vorgebbare Anzahl von Durchgängen. Die Sendezeit wird dabei in Zeitschlitze (Chips) unterteilt und für jeden Zeitschlitz wird pseudozufällig eine Trägerfrequenz ausgewählt.
Im Empfänger werden die in den genannten Zeitschlitzen übertragenen Signale empfangen und ausgewertet. Dabei muß die Synchronisation des Empfängers auf die Zeitschlitze mindestens so lange aufrechterhalten werden, bis ein Telegramm einmal komplett empfangen wurde. Die Bildung der Vielzahl der benötigten Einzelkanäle erfolgt, indem die Meldungen mit einer charakteristischen Wiederholperiode ausgestrahlt werden.
The transmitter sends the telegram asynchronously and repeats it for a predefinable number of passes. The transmission time is divided into time slots (chips) and a carrier frequency is selected pseudo-randomly for each time slot.
The signals transmitted in the time slots mentioned are received and evaluated in the receiver. The synchronization of the receiver with the time slots must be maintained at least until a telegram has been completely received. The multitude of required individual channels is formed by broadcasting the messages with a characteristic repetition period.

Die Ausgestaltung der Funkalarmanlage nach Patentanspruch 2 weist den Vorteil auf, daß es sich bei einer Blockade des Funkkanals mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit um eine Sabotage und nicht um ein "natürliches" Ereignis (z.B. Mitbenutzer des Frequenzbandes) handelt. Durch die Spreizung mit z.B. pseudozufälligen Hoppfrequenzen sind beliebige zeitliche Verschiebungen der Datentelegramme möglich, trotzdem werden Symbolinterferenzen zuverlässig vermieden. Der dabei verwendete Spreizfaktor ist ein Kompromiß, um die Vorteile der Bandspreizung mit der Forderung nach Frequenzökonomie zu vereinigen.The design of the radio alarm system according to claim 2 has the advantage that a blockage of the radio channel with high probability is a sabotage and not a "natural" event (eg co-users of the frequency band). Due to the spreading with, for example, pseudo-random hop frequencies, any time shifts in the data telegrams are possible possible, but symbol interference is reliably avoided. The spreading factor used here is a compromise in order to combine the advantages of band spreading with the demand for frequency economy.

Wird gemäß der Ausführungsform nach Patentanspruch 3 zur Übertragung von Informationen in Rückrichtung ein einziges Funkübertragungsband benutzt, so kann bei der Erst-Inbetriebnahme die Empfangsgüte der darin enthaltenen Nachrichtenübertragungskanäle gemessen und eine entsprechende Anpassung an die Kanaleigenschaften (Einstellung der Sendefeldstärke) vorgenommen werden. Dadurch kann auf einfache Art und Weise für alle Nachrichtenübertragungskanäle die Übertragungssicherheit erhöht werden. Es besteht auch die Möglichkeit, die ermittelten Meßwerte abzuspeichern.If, according to the embodiment according to claim 3, a single radio transmission band is used for the transmission of information in the direction of return, the quality of reception of the message transmission channels contained therein can be measured during the initial start-up and a corresponding adaptation to the channel properties (setting of the transmission field strength) can be carried out. As a result, the transmission security can be increased in a simple manner for all message transmission channels. It is also possible to save the measured values determined.

Als besonders vorteilhaft zur Erhöhung der Übertragungssicherheit hat sich die Ausgestaltung nach Patentanspruch 4 erwiesen, wenn jedes Datentelegramm aufeinanderfolgende Blöcke mit gleich langen Codewörtern umfaßt. Wird außerhalb von den gegebenen Codewörtern bzw. Zeitabständen ein Signal empfangen, so ist dies ein erster Hinweis auf Sabotage. Eventuell könnten bei Routinemeldungen Sendepausen eingelegt werden, wenn dafür von der Zentraleinheit die Störfeldstärke des Funkkanals überwacht wird.The embodiment according to claim 4 has proven to be particularly advantageous for increasing the transmission security if each data telegram comprises successive blocks with code words of the same length. If a signal is received outside of the given code words or time intervals, this is a first indication of sabotage. Transmission pauses could possibly be made in the case of routine reports if the interference field strength of the radio channel is monitored by the central unit.

Die Ausführungsform der Funkalarmanlage nach Patentanspruch 5 erfordert einen geringen Schaltungsaufwand, ohne daß Einschränkungen in der Betriebssicherheit der Alarmanlage hingenommen werden müssen.The embodiment of the radio alarm system according to claim 5 requires little circuitry without having to accept restrictions in the operational safety of the alarm system.

Die erfindungsgemäße Funkalarmanlage wird im folgenden anhand einer in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsform näher beschrieben und erläutert.The radio alarm system according to the invention is described and explained in more detail below with reference to an embodiment shown in the drawing.

Es zeigt

Figur 1
das Blockschaltbild einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung
Das Blockschaltbild nach Fig. 1 zeigt eine Funkalarmanlage mit asynchroner Übermittlung von Meldungen über gespreizte, einander überlagerte Nachrichtenkanäle, wobei das dadurch erhaltene breitbandige Summensignal in einem gemeinsamen Frequenzband übertragen wird.It shows
Figure 1
the block diagram of a preferred embodiment of the invention
The block diagram of FIG. 1 shows a radio alarm system with asynchronous transmission of messages via spread, superimposed message channels, the broadband sum signal obtained thereby being transmitted in a common frequency band.

Im einzelnen wird bei der erfindungsgemäßen Funkalarmanlage eine Vielzahl von Nachrichtenkanälen zur Übertragung von Meldungen in Form von Datentelegrammen zwischen Meldern M1 ... Mn, insbesondere Glasbruchmeldern, Infrarotmeldern, kapazitiven Meldern, Körperschallmeldern, Öffnungsmeldern, Mikrowellenmeldern, Ultraschallmeldern usw., zwischen Schalteinrichtungen S, insbesondere Blockschlössern, zeitgesteuerten Schalteinrichtungen und elektronischen Schalteinrichtungen, und zwischen Steuerorganen ST, insbesondere automatischen Wählgeräten für Alarmierungseinrichtungen, insbesondere Sirenen und Blitzlampen oder dergl., und einer mikroprozessorgesteuerter Zentraleinheit ZE gebildet.In particular, in the radio alarm system according to the invention, a large number of message channels for transmitting messages in the form of data telegrams between detectors M1 ... Mn, in particular glass break detectors, infrared detectors, capacitive detectors, structure-borne sound detectors, opening detectors, microwave detectors, ultrasound detectors etc., between switching devices S, in particular Block locks, time-controlled switching devices and electronic switching devices, and between control units ST, in particular automatic dialing devices for alarm devices, in particular sirens and flash lamps or the like, and a microprocessor-controlled central unit ZE.

In der Übertragungsrichtung von den Meldern M1 ... Mn zur Zentraleinheit ZE werden die Nachrichtenkanäle unter Anwendung des Frequenz-Hopping-Verfahrens gebildet. Anschließend werden die so gebildeten gespreizten Nachrichtenkanäle einander überlagert und auf ein einziges Trägerfrequenzband umgesetzt. Vorzugsweise werden zur Spreizung pseudozufällige Hoppfrequenzen benutzt.In the direction of transmission from the detectors M1 ... Mn to the central unit ZE, the message channels are formed using the frequency hopping method. The spread message channels thus formed are then superimposed on one another and onto a single one Carrier frequency band implemented. Pseudo-random hop frequencies are preferably used for spreading.

Zur Übertragung von Informationen in Rückrichtung ist ein einziger gemeinsamer Funkübertragungsbereich vorgesehen, wobei - wie auch in Hinrichtung - jedes Datentelegramm Blöcke mit gleich langen Codewörtern aufweist. Diese Übertragungen über die bidirektionalen Funkübertragungskanäle können durch die Rücksendung einer Quittierung zusätzlich abgesichert werden. Weiterhin werden bei der erfindungsgemäßen Funkalarmanlage die Datentelegramme von den Meldern M asynchron und wiederholt gesendet.
Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Funkalarmanlage werden L = 200 Nachrichtenkanäle gebildet. Die Funkalarmanlage wird in einem Frequenzbereich von zwei bis drei GHz betrieben. Bei einer Sendeleistung von ca. 25 mW beträgt die Reichweite (Funkstrecke) im Gebäude etwa 30 m und im Freifeld etwa 100 m. Im Normalbetrieb, d.h. wenn keine Störfeldstärke (zum Beispiel von anderen Geräten, die im Mikrowellenbereich arbeiten) detektiert wird, wird ein Datentelegrammaustausch beispielsweise alle 20 - 30 Sekunden veranlaßt. Im Störbetrieb, d.h. wenn eine Störfeldstärke detektiert wird, erfolgt der Datentelegrammaustausch beispielsweise alle 4 - 5 Sekunden, wie dies in einer nicht vorveröffentlichten Anmeldung mit dem amtlichen Aktenzeichen P 42 39 702.2 vorgeschlagen wird. Die Systemverzögerung Ts vom Ansprechen eines Melders M bis zur Alarmauslösung liegt (ebenso wie für Sabotageerkennung) bei 10s. Mit einer Netto-Datenmenge von 32 bit (4 Byte pro Telegramm) und einer Anzahl von 2²⁴ (16 Millionen) verschiedenen Codierungen kann weniger als ein Fehlalarm in 100 Jahren erwartet werden. Durch die hohe Übertragungssicherheit werden die vom Verband der Sachversicherer gestellten Forderungen an die Betriebssicherheit mehr als erfüllt.
A single common radio transmission area is provided for the transmission of information in the backward direction, each data telegram having blocks with code words of the same length, as in the forwarding direction. These transmissions over the bidirectional radio transmission channels can be additionally secured by sending back an acknowledgment. Furthermore, in the radio alarm system according to the invention, the data telegrams are sent asynchronously and repeatedly by the detectors M.
In a preferred embodiment of the radio alarm system according to the invention, L = 200 message channels are formed. The radio alarm system is operated in a frequency range of two to three GHz. With a transmission power of approx. 25 mW, the range (radio link) is approx. 30 m in the building and approx. 100 m in the free field. In normal operation, ie if no interference field strength (for example from other devices operating in the microwave range) is detected, a data telegram exchange is initiated, for example, every 20-30 seconds. In interference mode, ie when an interference field strength is detected, the data telegram is exchanged, for example, every 4 - 5 seconds, as is proposed in an unpublished application with the official file number P 42 39 702.2. The system delay T s from the response of a detector M to the triggering of the alarm (as well as for sabotage detection) is 10 s. With a net data volume of 32 bits (4 bytes per telegram) and a number of 2²⁴ (16 million) different encodings, less than one false alarm can be expected in 100 years. The high level of transmission security means that the requirements placed on operational security by the association of property insurers are more than met.

Bei der in Fig. 1 dargestellten Ausführungsform weist die Zentraleinheit ZE eine Synchronisiereinrichtung K auf, welche auf den auszuwertenden Spreizcode mittels Mikroprozessor MP und einer mit diesem verbundenen Auswerteeinheit AE und anhand eines beispielsweise in einem Speicher SP abgespeicherten Hoppschemas eingestellt wird.In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the central unit ZE has a synchronization device K, which is set to the spreading code to be evaluated by means of a microprocessor MP and an evaluation unit AE connected to it and using a hopping scheme, for example stored in a memory SP.

Claims (5)

Funkalarmanlage mit einer Vielzahl von Nachrichtenkanälen zur Übertragung von Meldungen in Form von Datentelegrammen zwischen Meldern, Schalteinrichtungen sowie Steuerorganen, insbesondere automatischen Wählgeräten für Alarmierungseinrichtungen, und einer mikroprozessorgesteuerten Zentraleinheit,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in der Übertragungsrichtung von den Meldern (M) zur Zentraleinheit (ZE) die Bildung der Nachrichtenkanäle unter Anwendung des Frequenz-Hopping-Verfahrens erfolgt, wobei die Meldungen mit einer vorgebbaren Wiederholperiode ausgestrahlt werden und anschließend die so gebildeten gespreizten Nachrichtenkanäle einander überlagert und auf ein Frequenzband umgesetzt werden.
Radio alarm system with a large number of message channels for the transmission of messages in the form of data telegrams between detectors, switching devices and control units, in particular automatic dialing devices for alarm devices, and a microprocessor-controlled central unit,
characterized in that the message channels are formed in the transmission direction from the detectors (M) to the central unit (ZE) using the frequency hopping method, the messages being broadcast with a predefinable repetition period and then the spread message channels thus formed being superimposed on one another and be converted to a frequency band.
Funkalarmanlage nach Anspruch 1
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zur Spreizung pseudozufällige Hoppfrequenzen benutzt werden.
Radio alarm system according to claim 1
characterized in that pseudo-random hop frequencies are used for spreading.
Funkalarmanlage nach Anspruch 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zur Übertragung von Informationen in Rückrichtung ein einziges gemeinsames Funkübertragungsband benutzt wird.
Radio alarm system according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that a single common radio transmission band is used to transmit information in the reverse direction.
Funkalarmanlage nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jedes Datentelegramm Blöcke mit gleich langen Codewörtern aufweist und daß die Datentelegramme von den Meldern (M) zur Zentraleinheit bzw. von der Zentraleinheit zu dem oder den Alarmgebern asynchron und wiederholt gesendet werden.
Radio alarm system according to one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized in that each data telegram has blocks with code words of the same length and in that the data telegrams are sent asynchronously and repeatedly from the detectors (M) to the central unit or from the central unit to the alarm generator (s).
Funkalarmanlage nach einem oder mehreren der Ansprüche 1 bis 4,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zentraleinheit (ZE) einen Synchronisator (K) aufweist, welcher auf den auszuwertenden Spreizcode mittels Mikroprozessor (MP) und einer mit diesem verbundenen Auswerteeinheit (AE) und anhand des in einem Speicher (SP) abgespeicherten Spreizcodes eingestellt wird.
Radio alarm system according to one or more of claims 1 to 4,
characterized in that the central unit (ZE) has a synchronizer (K) which is set to the spreading code to be evaluated by means of a microprocessor (MP) and an evaluation unit (AE) connected to it and on the basis of the spreading code stored in a memory (SP).
EP94116872A 1993-10-30 1994-10-26 Multichannel radio alarm system using frequency hopping Expired - Lifetime EP0651362B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE4337212A DE4337212A1 (en) 1993-10-30 1993-10-30 Radio alarm system with a large number of message channels formed by the frequency hopping process
DE4337212 1993-10-30

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