CN1961590A - 通信网络中用于改进数据吞吐量的系统及方法 - Google Patents

通信网络中用于改进数据吞吐量的系统及方法 Download PDF

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CN1961590A
CN1961590A CNA2005800016297A CN200580001629A CN1961590A CN 1961590 A CN1961590 A CN 1961590A CN A2005800016297 A CNA2005800016297 A CN A2005800016297A CN 200580001629 A CN200580001629 A CN 200580001629A CN 1961590 A CN1961590 A CN 1961590A
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multicast
access point
station
packet
transmit
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CN1961590B (zh
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威廉·凯契
约翰·查纳克
查尔斯·葛兰
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AireSpider Networks Inc
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/06Selective distribution of broadcast services, e.g. multimedia broadcast multicast service [MBMS]; Services to user groups; One-way selective calling services
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/60Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/63Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
    • H04N21/64Addressing
    • H04N21/6405Multicasting
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04NPICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/60Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/63Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
    • H04N21/64Addressing
    • H04N21/6408Unicasting
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H04W28/06Optimizing the usage of the radio link, e.g. header compression, information sizing, discarding information
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00Local resource management
    • H04W72/30Resource management for broadcast services
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W88/00Devices specially adapted for wireless communication networks, e.g. terminals, base stations or access point devices
    • H04W88/08Access point devices
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04WWIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/16Central resource management; Negotiation of resources or communication parameters, e.g. negotiating bandwidth or QoS [Quality of Service]
    • H04W28/18Negotiating wireless communication parameters
    • H04W28/22Negotiating communication rate

Abstract

揭示一种通信网络的接入点,配置成接收来自源的多播或广播包。该接入点将该多播或广播包转换成寻址至与该接入点关联的站的单播包。该接入点接着经由该通信网络自该接入点向该站传输该单播包。该接入点可进一步确定最小数据速率,该接入点可通过该最小数据速率来向该站传输该多播或广播包;且确定用于向该站传输该单播包的有效单播速率。若该有效单播速率不超过该最小数据速率,则该接入点不向该站传输该单播包而是传输该多播或广播包。

Description

通信网络中用于改进数据吞吐量的系统及方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2004年11月5日提交的标题为“Systems and Methods forImproved Data Throughput in Wireless Local Area Networks”的美国临时专利申请第60/625,331号的权益,通过引用将其主题结合于此。本申请涉及于2004年12月9日提交的标题为“System and Method for an OmnidirectionalPlanar Antenna Apparatus with Selectable Elements”的共同未决美国专利申请第11/010,076号、于2004年12月23日提交的标题为“Circuit Board Havinga Peripheral Antenna Apparatus with Selectable Antenna Elements”的美国专利申请第11/022,080号、以及于2005年1月21日提交的标题为“System andMethod for a Minimized Antenna Apparatus with Selectable Elements”的美国专利申请第11/041,145号,通过引用将其主题结合于此。
技术领域
本发明大体地涉及通信网络,且更特别地涉及通信网络中用于增加数据吞吐量的系统及方法。
背景技术
对于包括音频及视频数据的多媒体应用的需求日益迅速增长。多媒体的某些较普及的使用是实时的交互式应用,诸如视频及音频流、网际网络协议TV(IPTV)、向远程听众传输演讲或演说及动画仿真。即使当使用数据压缩时,多媒体应用也要求大量带宽。
在IEEE 802.11无线局域网络(LAN)中,广播或多播包传输使得带宽密集的多媒体应用能够同时地向与无线LAN群关联的每一接收节点传输音频及视频数据包。向该无线LAN的全部接收节点传输广播包,而向该无线LAN的接收节点中的两个或更多但是少于全部的接收节点传输多播包。
在该无线LAN中,源节点可向具有多播功能的接入点传输(例如,经由以太网络)多播包,且该接入点经由无线传输向已将其自身识别为该多播群的部分的目的地接收节点发送该多播包。
无线LAN的接入点亦可支持单播包传输。对于无线LAN中的单播传输而言,该接入点向由包括于单播包中的预定目的地地址所识别的接收节点传输一个或多个单播包。在接收该单播包之后,该接收节点向该接入点传输回(大约9μs之后)802.11确认(ACK)包。该802.11 ACK机制通过向该接入点确认已接收到该单播包来在典型高干扰的802.11无线网络中提供可靠的数据传输。
在无线LAN中传输多播包的局限在于,该802.11 ACK不提供用以确保接收节点实际上接收到多播包的可靠机制。举例而言,若该802.11接入点将向许多接收节点传输一个或多个多播包,且接收节点中的每一个将基本上同时地用802.11 ACK包做出响应,则在多个同时的802.11 ACK时段期间由该接入点接收的多个ACK包将包括″噪声″。对于该接入点而言,这些多个同时的802.11 ACK是不可解译的。此情况可称为″多ACK问题″。
传输多播包的另一局限在于无线LAN可能受限于用于多播包的带宽。因为该多ACK问题,所以用于多播的IEEE 802.11规范规定了多播包的传输以最小许可的物理数据速率而发生。因为接收节点可距传输源不同距离,且可遭遇不同干扰水平,所以以最小许可的物理数据速率的传输改进了由每一接收节点接收多播包的可能性。举例而言,802.11接入点以用于802.11b的1Mbps及用于802.11a的6Mbps的最小许可的物理数据速率来传输多播包。接收节点不传输802.11 ACK包以证实对多播包的接收。因此,若无该802.11ACK机制,则不存在对接收多播包的证实。
此外,以该最小许可的物理数据速率传输不能充分利用无线LAN中的可用带宽,否则该可用带宽能够支持更高的数据速率。此外,以该最小许可的物理数据速率传输可使得无线LAN不适宜于要求高速率通信的应用,诸如多媒体应用。
发明内容
本发明通过提供通信网络中用于改进数据量的系统及方法来解决上述问题。一实施例的通信网络的接入点接收来自源的多播或广播包。该接入点将该多播或广播包转换成寻址至与该接入点关联的站的单播包。该接入点接着经由通信网络自该接入点向该站传输该单播包。通过将多播或广播包转换成一个或多个单播包,该接入点通过以一数据速率发送该单播包来实现在通信网络中的改进数据量,该数据速率比另外将通过向该站传输多播或广播包而可能的数据速率更高。此外,该单播包为多播或广播包中的数据在其中确认单播包的通信网络中的可靠传递作准备。
在某些实施例中,该通信网络包括802.11无线网络。接入点可自与该接入点关联的一个或多个站的列表确定该站。该接入点可确定最小数据速率,该接入点可通过该最小数据速率来向该站传输多播或广播包,且确定用以向该站传输单播包的有效单播速率。若该有效单播速率不超过该最小数据速率,则该接入点接着可不向该站传输单播包而可向该站传输多播或广播包。
该接入点亦可确定用以在其上向该站进行传输的天线配置;且确定用以向该站进行传输的物理数据速率。接入点接着可在该天线配置上并以该物理数据速率经由无线网络自该接入点向该站传输单播包。在又进一步实施例中,该接入点确定该站充当该源且不向该站传输该单播包。接入点可询问该站以确定该站的地址且可将多播或广播包的地址映射至该站的该地址。该接入点亦可基于自该站传输至该源的加入请求来将该站关联至多播或广播包的地址。
提供一种方法,包括将来自源的多播或广播包接收至接入点中并将该多播或广播包转换成寻址至与该接入点关联的站的单播包。该方法亦包括经由通信网络自接入点向该站传输单播包。该多播或广播包可包括用户数据报协议(UDP)联网消息。该多播或广播包亦可包括多播控制包。
一种替代方法包括:将来自源的多播或广播包接收至通信网络的接入点中;确定第一速率,该接入点可通过该第一速率向与该接入点关联的第一站传输该多播或广播包;确定第二速率,该接入点可通过该第二速率向与该接入点关联的第二站传输该多播或广播包;且以该第一速率及该第二速率中的较低速率向该第一站及该第二站传输该多播或广播包。有利地,该接入点可确定比指定用于该通信网络的最小物理数据速率更高的数据速率,该接入点可以用该更高的数据速率向该第一站及该第二站传输多播或广播包。
在一实施例中,一种用于向通信网络的第二节点进行传输的通信网络的第一节点配置用以确定用于传输多播或广播包的第一速率。该第一节点亦确定第二速率,该第二速率用于向该第二节点传输由将多播或广播包转换成一个或多个单播包所产生的一个或多个单播包。若该第二数据速率超过该第一数据速率,则该第一节点接着向该第二节点传输一个或多个单播包,否则向该第二节点传输多播或广播包。
有利地,在适当的时候,该第一节点将该多播或广播包转换成一个或多个单播包并以比指定用于多播或广播传输的该最小物理数据速率更高的数据速率来向该第二节点按序地传输该一个或多个单播包。该第一节点可包括具有多播功能的接入点。在某些实施例中,该第一节点确定第三速率,第一节点可通过该第三速率向通信网络的第三节点传输多播或广播包;且经由该通信网络以该第一速率及第三速率中的较低速率向该第二节点及该第三节点传输多播或广播包。
因此,这些系统及方法可通过将多播或广播包转换成一个或多个单播包并服务于来自该站的相应确认包来提供经由无线LAN的对多播或广播包的可靠传输。另外的优点是这些系统及方法可确定不转换多播或广播包,且可经由无线LAN以比该站可以可靠地进行接收的最小物理数据速率更高的数据速率来传输该多播或广播包。
附图说明
图1说明根据本发明一实施例用于在无线局域网络中进行多播传输的系统的方块图;
图2说明根据本发明一实施例用于图1的该无线局域网络中的多播或单播传输的例示性方法;且
图3说明根据本发明一实施例说明如关于图1至图2所述将多播包转换成单播包的示例性时序图。
具体实施方式
本文中所揭示的系统及方法使得通信网络中的数据吞吐量大于现有技术中所提供的数据吞吐量。举例而言,本文中所揭示的系统及方法支持经由无线LAN的带宽密集的多媒体应用。在本公开中,通信网络的节点可称为主机、源、目的地、节点、接收节点、接入点及站。由于应了解本发明决不仅限于所说明的实施例,故不应在限定性意义上考虑上述代称。举例而言,″接收节点″决不仅限于接收功能。此外,术语群包括多播包、广播包以及其目的地地址指示通信网络的一个或多个地址及/或节点的任何包。
根据一实施例,无线局域网络(LAN)包括一接入点,该接入点被配置以接收来自源的多播或广播包。该多播或广播包寻址至包括通信网络的一个或多个节点(例如,与该无线LAN的该接入点关联的站)的群。该接入点确定是否将多播或广播包转换成一个或多个单播包以供向一个或多个节点按序传输,或是否向该群传输该多播或广播包。若该接入点传输该多播或广播包而不进行转换,则接入点可基于用于向一个或多个节点传输多播或广播包的数据速率来确定最低公分母数据速率,且以该最低公分母速率向该群传输该多播或广播包。
图1说明根据本发明一实施例用于在无线局域网络中进行多播包传输的系统100的方块图。该系统100包括源节点110、网络链路115、接入点120、接收节点130、140及150、无线链路135、145及155以及包括接收节点中的两个或更多接收节点(例如,接收节点130及140)的群160。该源节点110配置成经由该网络链路115来与该接入点120通信。该接入点120配置成经由形成该无线LAN的无线链路135至155来与接收节点130至150通信。
该源节点110是能够经由网络链路115与接入点120进行包括单播或多播包传输的网络通信的任何装置。该源节点110可包括(例如)个人计算机、服务器、网络附接储存装置或网络视频分配装置。源节点110可支持诸如传输控制协议/网际网络协议(TCP/IP)、用户数据报协议(UDP/IP)及/或网际网络组管理协议(IGMP)的网络协议,且可支持网络数据的单播、多播及/或广播包传输。
该源节点110配置成经由网络链路115传输寻址至群160的一个或多个群包(例如,一个或多个多播或广播包)。该网络链路115可为有线或无线网络链路。在实施例中,该网络链路115包括UDP/IP连接。在一实例中,该源节点110包括传输多播包的IPTV视频服务器(未示出),经过接入点120向该群160提供远程视频流。尽管关于多播传输来进行论述,但是该群包可包括这样的包,该包的目的地地址指定了接收节点130至150中的全部节点(意即广播)或少于全部节点(意即多播)。
接收节点130至150每一个包括能够经由无线链路135至155通过接入点120来接收来自源节点110的网络通信的任何装置。接收节点130至150可包括诸如个人计算机、PDA、蜂窝电话及/或具有网际网络功能的电视的装置。在一实例中,该群160的接收节点130至140可包括TV置顶盒,TV置顶盒配置成接收由IPTV服务器于源节点110处提供至群160的视频流。尽管描述为源节点110及接收节点130至150,但是应注意该源节点110亦可为数据包的目的地节点而接收节点130至150亦可为数据包的源节点。
如本文中进一步描述,该接入点120配置成将视频流作为多播包而同时地传输至接收节点130及接收节点140,或将其作为一个或多个单播包而按序地传输至接收节点130及140中的每一个。该接入点120实质上是能够充当一无线LAN中的对等连接中的桥接器或充当网络链路115与无线链路135至155之间的桥接器的任何装置。如关于图2所进一步论述,该接入点120可配置为将多播包转换成一个或多个单播包。该接入点120可包括处理器、存储器及提供或辅助提供该桥接器及/或该多播包转换的额外电路。接入点120可使用IEEE 802.11协议(诸如802.11a或802.11b)来与接收节点130至150通信。将了解该接入点120可并入有诸如802.11g、802.16或蓝牙的其它无线协议。
该接入点120可支持多播控制协议(诸如IGMP),且可配置为具有多播功能的路由器。多播控制协议使接入点120能够自接收节点(例如,接收节点130至150)确定该接收节点130至150与哪一(几)群(例如,群160)关联。多播控制协议的某些实例为IGMP、协议独立式多播(PIM)、实时流协议(RTSP)、多协议边界网关器协议(MBGP)、多播源发现协议(MSDP)、简单服务发现协议(SSDP)及源特定多播(SSM)。举例而言,该接收节点130可向接入点120发送多播控制协议包以改变用于自源节点110接收的IPTV多播流的信道。该多播控制协议包通知接入点120:该接收节点130关注于接收用于所选信道的群包。
某些实施例的接入点120进一步配置以维护关于″关联节点″的信息。关联节点是已与该接入点120协商无线通信链路(例如,无线链路135)的装置。举例而言,当该接收节点130最初与接入点120关联以协商该无线链路135时,接收节点130提供唯一地识别该接收节点130的媒体访问控制(MAC)或硬件地址。该接收节点130亦可提供许可的物理数据速率(例如,1Mbps至54Mbps)的列表,它可以这些速率与接入点120通信。举例而言,该接入点120可将此关于关联节点的信息储存于存储器中。
如本文中进一步描述,因为一实施例的接入点120配置以将寻址至群160的多播包转换成寻址至接收节点130至140的一个或多个单播包,所以该系统100于无线LAN中改进多播数据吞吐量。该接入点120可以用比用于802.11多播传输的最小数据速率更高的数据速率来向接收节点130至140按序地传输一个或多个单播包。此外,因为该接入点120将能够服务于由接收节点130至140产生的802.11 ACK包,所以此实施例的该接入点120确保所转换的多播包的可靠传输。在某些实施例中,该接入点120可确定不将多播包转换成一个或多个单播包,而改为可以用比该用于802.11多播包传输的最小许可物理数据速率相对更高的数据速率来向群160的接收节点传输多播包。
图2说明根据本发明一实施例用于在图1的无线局域网络中进行多播或单播传输的示例性方法。将该示例性方法的步骤描述为以特定次序发生,但是将了解可重新排列某些步骤以提供相似结果。该方法确定是否将多播包转换成一个或多个单播包,或是否传输该多播包。该方法亦确定以何速率传输该多播包及该一个或多个单播包。该方法开始于已与接收节点130至150关联的该接入点120。
在步骤205中,该接入点120接收来自第一接收节点(例如,接收节点130)的含有用于接收节点130的第一地址的第一加入请求(例如,诸如IGMP加入请求的多播控制协议包)。接入点120使用该加入请求来使该接收节点130与群160的地址相互关联。在IGMP中,多播客户(例如,接收节点130)加入多播群(例如,群160)以致能对多播业务流的群接收。当接入点120接收来自接收节点130的IGMP加入请求时,该接入点120检查该IGMP包并确定所要求的加入信息。
在此实施例中,该接入点120自身并不使用IGMP协议。无论如何,该系统100利用如下事实:从接收节点130至140到源节点110的IGMP加入请求穿过接入点120。该接入点120″嗅察″或取样IGMP加入请求以将接收节点130及140的硬件(MAC)地址与群160的地址映射。在某些实施例中,该接入点120″说出″该IGMP协议。接入点120可将接收节点130及140的IP地址(代替MAC地址)映射至群160的该地址。
作为对于嗅察或说出来自接收节点130至150的IGMP或其它控制协议的替选,该接入点120可维护一映射,该映射含有与接入点120关联的接收节点130至150中的全部或子集的硬件地址。该接入点120可使用该映射来询问接收节点130至150以确定接收节点130至150的哪一些关注于接收寻址至群160的多播业务流。MAC地址或IP地址的这些映射允许接入点120将接收自源节点110并寻址至群160的多播包转换成寻址至群160的接收节点130至140的一个或多个单播包。
在步骤210中,该接入点120将来自IGMP包的接收节点130的第一地址映射至该群160的地址。在步骤215中,该接入点120接收来自第二接收节点(例如,接收节点140)的第二加入请求(例如,第二IGMP加入请求)。在步骤220中,该接入点120将该接收节点140的第二地址映射至该群160的地址。
在步骤225中,该接入点120接收寻址至群160的该多播包。在步骤230中,该接入点120确定第一数据速率(例如,54Mbps),接入点120可通过该第一数据速率来向接收节点130可靠地传输(例如,包括802.11 ACK机制)一个或多个单播包。在步骤235中,该接入点120确定第二数据速率(例如,24Mbps),该接入点120可通过该第二数据速率来向接收节点140可靠地传输一个或多个单播包。尽管未描绘,但是在某些实施例中,该接入点120可确定额外的(例如,第三或更多)数据速率,该接入点120可通过该额外的数据速率来向第三接收节点(例如,将是群160的部份的接收节点150)可靠地传输一个或多个单播包。
在步骤240中,该接入点120确定有效的单播速率。如关于图3进一步论述,该有效单播速率对应于组合速率,该组合速率用于将该多播包转换成一个或多个单播包并以第一及第二(及第三…)数据速率来向群160的接收节点130及140发送一个或多个单播包。该有效的单播速率依赖于包括在单播包中的比特总数,包括额外的数据包开销(例如,与多播包相比的单播包中的额外比特)。该有效单播速率亦依赖于与将多播包转换成一个或多个单播包关联的计算时间。该有效单播速率进一步基于用于对来自群160的接收节点的ACK包进行接收并处理的持续时间。此外,因为群160中的每一额外的接收节点按比例降低该有效单播速率,所以该有效单播速率基于群160中的接收节点的数量。在名为″System and Method for Transmission Parameter Controlfor an Antenna Apparatus with Selectable Elements″的共同未决美国专利申请案中提出用于确定该有效单播速率的方法,通过引用将其主题结合于此。
如进一步描述,胜于将多播包转换成单播包,该接入点可以用″最低公分母速率″向群160进行传输。举例而言,尤其地通过群160中的大量接收节点的每一个以相对高的速率进行接收,该最低公分母速率可高于该有效单播速率。举例而言,该群160可包括接收节点130、140及150。该接收节点130可以用54Mbps的物理数据速率来接收包,该接收节点140可以用54Mbps的物理数据速率来接收包,且该接收节点150可以用54Mbps的物理数据速率来接收包。此实例的该最低公分母速率为54Mbps,其可高于有效单播速率。在步骤245中,该接入点120确定用于向群160的接收节点同时步地传输多播包的最低公分母速率(LCDR)。
在步骤250至295中,该接入点120确定传输单播包还是多播包以及以何速率来传输单播或多播包。具体言之,在步骤250至275中,该接入点120可确定以将多播包转换成寻址至接收节点130的一个或多个第一单播包及寻址至接收节点140的一个或多个第二单播包以供传输。或者,在步骤285至295中,该接入点120可确定以向群160的接收节点130至140同时地传输该多播包且不将该多播包转换成单播包。此外,在步骤285至295中,若最低公分母速率高于最小许可的物理数据速率,则该接入点120判断是否以该最低公分母速率来进行传输。
在步骤250中,该接入点120判断该有效单播速率是否超过该最低公分母速率。举例而言,在群160中具有接收节点130、140及150的802.11a无线LAN中,第一数据速率可为54Mbps,第二数据速率可为6Mbps,且第三数据速率可为54Mbps。举例而言,在给定单播包中的数据比特的数量、包开销、转换处理时间及其类似项的情况下,该有效单播速率可为11.5Mbps。从而,11.5Mbps的有效单播速率超过6Mbps的最低公分母速率(意即,用于802.11a的最小许可的物理数据速率),因此在步骤255至275中该接入点120将把多播包转换成一个或多个单播包。
在步骤255中,该接入点120将多播包转换成寻址至接收节点130的第一单播包。在步骤260中,接入点120以第一数据速率向该接收节点130传输该第一单播包。在传输该第一单播包之后,在于步骤270至275中将多播包转换成第二单播包并向接收节点140传输该第二单播包之前,在步骤265中该接入点120可延迟一预定延迟时段。该延迟时段经计算为允许接收节点130有充足的时间来产生802.11 ACK,接入点120可接收该802.11 ACK以证实对第一单播包的可靠传输及接收。该接入点120可基于若干因素来计算该延迟时段。举例而言,该接入点120可基于接入点120为了将多播包转换成第一单播包而需要的计算时间来计算该延迟。该延迟可包括数据包开销(例如,第一单播包中的额外比特,该额外比特将第一数据速率降低至相对较低的″用户″数据速率)。此外,若接入点120未接收用于第一单播包的来自接收节点130的802.11 ACK,则该接入点120可向接收节点130再次传输该第一单播包,这添加至该延迟。
在步骤270中,该接入点120将来自源节点110的多播包转换成寻址至接收节点140的第二单播包。在步骤275中,该接入点120以第二数据速率向接收节点140传输该第二单播包。以与上文中对于第一单播包关于步骤260至265所描述的方法类似的方式,该接入点120等待来自接收节点140的802.11 ACK以确保对第二单播包的可靠传输及接收。若接入点120未接收该来自接收节点140的802.11 ACK,则该接入点120可向该接收节点140再次传输该第二单播包。尽管未描绘,但是可为群160中的额外(例如,第三…)接收节点而重复步骤265至275。
视需要,该接入点120可在步骤260及步骤275中确定群160的接收节点之一是否包括多播数据传输器。举例而言,若该接收节点130充当源节点110用以经过接入点120向群160的接收节点140及150发送多播包,则接入点120无需向接收节点130再次传回该已转换的单播包。尽管向接收节点130发送回该单播包在802.11中为合法行为,但是如此举动浪费网络带宽。
在步骤250处,若该有效单播速率不超过最低公分母速率,则该接入点120可确定不将多播包转换成一或多个单播包以供向群160中的每一接收节点进行按序传输。从而,在步骤285中,接入点120判断LCDR是否超过最小可用的数据速率。举例而言,若该接收节点130能够以54Mbps来进行接收且接收节点140能够以24Mbps来进行接收,则该24Mbps的LCDR超过6Mbps的最小许可的数据速率。从而,在步骤290中,该接入点120将以该24Mbps的LCDR来向群160传输多播包。或者,在步骤285处,若例如接收节点130能够以54Mbps来进行接收且接收节点140仅能够以6Mbps来进行接收,则LCDR不超过该6Mbps的最小许可的数据速率。从而,在步骤295中,该接入点120将以该6Mbps的最小许可的数据速率来向群160传输多播包。
关于图2所描述的方法通过将接入点120中的多播包转换成可以用相对更高的数据速率向群160的每一接收节点按序传输的一个或多个单播包来有利地实现比传统的多播传输更高的数据吞吐量。此外,因为单播包经来自群160的每一接收节点的ACK响应证实,所以将多播包转换成单播包可提供更高的数据传输可靠性。另外,若该接入点120确定不将多播包转换成单播包,则该接入点120可以用最低公分母速率来传输多播包,该最低公分母速率是比IEEE 802.11标准中所定义的最小许可的物理数据速率更高的物理数据速率。
尽管图1及2大体上描述自源节点110至群160(意即,图1中自左向右)的多播数据流,但是关于图2所描述的方法对于在相反的方向内(例如,图1中自右向左)流动的多播控制协议包是适用的。举例而言,该系统100可包括配置成向目的节点(例如,接入点120)传输群包的源节点(例如,接收节点130)。该接收节点130经由无线链路135向接入点120发送诸如IGMP加入请求的多播控制协议包以加入一接收IPTV多媒体多播流的群(例如,群160)。为了提供对无线链路135的可用带宽的更有效的使用,且为了提供对多播控制协议包的可靠传输,该接收节点135可将该多播控制协议包转换成一个或多个单播包以供向接入点120进行传输并由该接入点120确认。
在一实例中,该接收节点130确定用于传输该群包的第一数据速率而且基于将该群包转换成寻址至该接入点120的单播包来确定第二数据速率。若该用于传输群包的第一数据速率小于该用于传输单播包的第二数据速率,则该接收节点130经由无线链路135以该第二数据速率向接入点120传输单播包。如本文中所论述,该接收节点130以一比指定用于多播传输的速率更高的物理数据速率来传输单播包。一旦接收到该单播包,该接入点120发送ACK以确认对该单播包的接收。
若该用于传输群包的第一数据速率大于该用于传输单播包的第二数据速率,则该接收节点130可经由无线链路135传输该群包。如先前所论述,该接收节点130可以用最低公分母速率来传输该群包。接入点120接着接收该群包并处理多播控制协议包。因此,在这些实施例中,接收节点130及接入点120个别地确定传输该群包或将该群包转换成一个或多个单播包是否允许对可用带宽及可靠传输的更有效的使用。
图3说明根据本发明的一实施例与多播包传输相比较的将如图1至2中所述将多播包转换成一或多个单播包做比较的示例性时序图。第一时间间隔310指示了接入点120所需要的如下时间,该时间用以将接收自源节点110的多播包转换成第一单播包并(例如)以54Mbps向接收节点130传输该第一单播包。将了解该时间间隔310可至少依赖于该第一数据速率、第一单播包中的数据比特数量及接入点120用以将该多播包转换成该第一单播包而需要的转换时间而变化。在向接收节点130传输该第一单播包后,ACK时间间隔320指示了该接收节点130为了传回响应于该第一单播包的802.11 ACK以及该接入点120为了处理该802.11 ACK包而需要的时间。
类似地,第二时间间隔330了指示该接入点120所需要的如下时间,该时间用以将接收自源节点110的多播包转换成第二单播包并以第二数据速率(例如,18Mbps)向接收节点140传输该第二单播包。第二ACK时间间隔340指示了接收节点140为了传回响应于第二单播包的802.11 ACK以及接入点120为了处理该802.11 ACK包而需要的时间。相比较而言,多播时间间隔350指示了接入点120为了以最低公分母速率或最小许可的物理数据速率来接收多播包并同时地向接收节点130及140传输该多播包的持续时间。
因为组合的时间间隔310、320、330及340的持续时间短于该多播时间间隔350的持续时间,所以本文中所描述的该系统及方法通过将多播包转换成按序的单播包来有利地实现更高的数据吞吐量。此外,例如随着由于无线链路135及145(图1)中的干扰导致更低的第一及第二数据速率而使得时间间隔310及320的持续时间增加,时间间隔310、320、330及340的组合持续时间可超过多播时间间隔350。在此情况下,该最低公分母速率可提供比最小许可的数据速率更高的数据速率。因此,另一优点是在无线LAN中的变化下整体数据传输速率的适度降级。
本文中所论述的实施例说明为本发明的一实例。当参看说明来描述本发明的实施例,本领域所及人员可容易地了解对所描述的方法及/或特定结构的所作的各种修改或改造。依赖于本发明的教导并使这些教导促进此技术的所有这样的修改、改造或改变应视为处于本发明的范畴内。因此,不应在限定性意义上考虑描述及标号,而应了解本发明决不仅限于所说明的实施例。因此,不应参考上述描述来确定本发明的范畴,而应以所附权利要求连同其等效的完全范畴为准。

Claims (30)

1.一种方法,包括:
将来自源的多播或广播包接收至通信网络的接入点中;
将该多播或广播包转换成寻址至与该接入点关联的站的单播包;
经由该通信网络自该接入点向该站传输该单播包。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中该通信网络包括802.11无线网络。
3.权利要求1的方法,进一步包括确定来自与该接入点关联的一个或多个站的列表中的该站。
4.权利要求1的方法,其中该多播或广播包包括UDP联网消息。
5.权利要求1的方法,其中该多播或广播包包括多播控制包。
6.权利要求1的方法,进一步包括:
确定最小数据速率,该接入点可通过该最小数据速率来向该站传输该多播或广播包;
确定用于向该站传输该单播包的有效单播速率;以及
若该有效单播速率不超过该最小数据速率,则不向该站传输该单播包而向该站传输该多播或广播包。
7.权利要求1的方法,进一步包括:
确定用以在其上向该站进行传输的天线配置;
确定用以向该站进行传输的物理数据速率;以及
经由无线网络在该天线配置上且以该物理数据速率自该接入点向该站传输该单播包。
8.权利要求1的方法,进一步包括确定该站充当该源以及不向该站传输该单播包。
9.权利要求1的方法,进一步包括:
询问该站以确定该站的地址;以及
将该多播或广播包的地址映射至该站的该地址。
10.权利要求1的方法,进一步包括:
自该站向该源传输加入请求;
基于该加入请求在该接入点中将该站关联至该多播或广播包的地址。
11.一种方法,包括:
将来自源的多播或广播包接收至通信网络的接入点中;
确定第一速率,该接入点可通过该第一速率来向与该接入点关联的第一站传输该多播或广播包;
确定第二速率,该接入点可通过该第二速率来向与该接入点关联的第二站传输该多播或广播包;以及
经由该通信网络以该第一速率及该第二速率中的较低速率来向该第一站及该第二站传输该多播或广播包。
12.权利要求11的方法,其中该通信网络包括无线局域网络。
13.权利要求11的方法,其中该多播或广播包包括UDP联网消息。
14.权利要求11的方法,其中该多播或广播包包括多播控制包。
15.权利要求11的方法,进一步包括:
不向该第一站及该第二站传输该多播或广播包,并将该多播或广播包转换成寻址至该第一站的第一单播包;
将该多播或广播包转换成寻址至该第二站的第二单播包;
经由该通信网络自该接入点向该第一站传输该第一单播包;以及
经由该通信网络自该接入点向该第二站传输该第二单播包。
16.一种通信网络的接入点,该接入点配置用以:
接收来自源的多播或广播包;
将该多播或广播包转换成寻址至与该接入点关联的站的单播包;且
经由该通信网络自该接入点向该站传输该单播包。
17.权利要求16的接入点,其中该通信网络包括802.11无线网络。
18.权利要求16的接入点,进一步配置用以确定来自与该接入点关联的一个或多个站的列表中的该站。
19.权利要求16的接入点,进一步配置用以:
确定最小数据速率,该接入点可通过该最小数据速率来向该站传输该多播或广播包;
确定用于向该站传输该单播包的有效单播速率;且
若该有效单播速率不超过该最小数据速率,则不向该站传输该单播包且向该站传输该多播或广播包。
20.权利要求16的接入点,进一步配置用以:
确定用以在其上向该站进行传输的天线配置;
确定用以向该站进行传输的物理数据速率;且
经由无线网络在该天线配置上且以该物理数据速率自该接入点向该站传输该单播包。
21.权利要求16的接入点,进一步配置用以确定该站充当该源而且不向该站传输该单播包。
22.权利要求16的接入点,进一步配置用以:
询问该站以确定该站的地址;且
将该多播或广播包的地址映射至该站的该地址。
23.权利要求16的接入点,进一步配置用以基于自该站向该源传输的加入请求来将该站关联至该多播或广播包的地址。
24.一种用于向通信网络的第二节点进行传输的该通信网络的第一节点,该第一节点配置用以:
确定用于向该第二节点传输多播或广播包的第一速率;
确定用于向该第二节点传输一个或多个单播包的第二速率,该一个或多个单播包由该多播或广播包到该一个或多个单播包的转换而产生;且
若该第二数据速率超过该第一数据速率,则向该第二节点传输该一个或多个单播包,否则向该第二节点传输该多播或广播包。
25.权利要求24的第一节点,其中该通信网络为无线局域网络。
26.权利要求24的第一节点,其中该多播或广播包包括UDP联网消息。
27.权利要求24的第一节点,其中该多播或广播包包括多播控制协议包。
28.权利要求24的第一节点,其中该第一节点包括具有多播功能的接入点。
29.权利要求24的第一节点,进一步配置用以:
确定用以在其上向该第二节点进行传输的天线配置;
确定用以向该第二节点进行传输的物理数据速率;且
在该天线配置上且以该物理数据速率来向该第二节点传输该一个或多个单播包及该多播或广播包。
30.权利要求24的第一节点,进一步配置用以:
确定第三速率,该第一节点可通过该第三速率来向该通信网络的第三节点传输该多播或广播包;且
经由该通信网络以该第一速率及该第三速率中的较低速率来向该第二节点及该第三节点传输该多播或广播包。
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