CN1286868A - 用于产生电视观众简档的方法和装置 - Google Patents

用于产生电视观众简档的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN1286868A
CN1286868A CN97180573A CN97180573A CN1286868A CN 1286868 A CN1286868 A CN 1286868A CN 97180573 A CN97180573 A CN 97180573A CN 97180573 A CN97180573 A CN 97180573A CN 1286868 A CN1286868 A CN 1286868A
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卡恩·博达德
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于监视电视观看活动以便确定观众喜爱的节目种类和优选的频道的方法和装置。为了有助于观众访问优选的节目,可以按照被监视的观看活动配置电子节目指南的显示。从而提供对优选节目的快速访问。被监视的电视观看活动还可用于提供锁定特征,以便阻止或限制特定频道或特定种类的节目和观看,或用于从互联网上识别并提供信息。在本发明的另一个实施例中,观众可以在其根据由监视观众的观看活动而确定的优选的节目自动地循环。

Description

用于产生电视观众简档的方法和装置
本发明涉及向电视观众提供电视节目及电视节目指南信息的方法和装置。更具体地说，本发明涉及一种根据观众过去的观看行为用于编制屏幕节目表及节目选择的方法和装置。
观看电视是一种大众的活动，自从有广播电视以来，可利用的电视频道不断增加，借以大大增加观众可以选择的节目。节目指南已经成为观众的重要工具，确实，其对于高效率地查找所需的节目是重要的。
纸件指南，例如利用报纸提供的节目指南是内容丰富的，但是具有许多缺点。这些缺点包括在印刷之后提前购买，并且摆在用户面前的是大量的并且看不出节目之间有什么明显区别的信息。只对一部分可观看的节目感兴趣的读者被迫检索整个节目单，以便查找其想要的节目。
最近，作为纸件指南的替换物，提出了所谓的电子节目指南(“EPG”)。EPG在观众的电视屏幕上直接地提供电视节目单，并且基本上消除了以过时的指南为依据的可能性，因为节目单可以由EPG提供者实时地更新。1994年10月4日公开的Young的美国专利No.353121披露了一种EPG，其中的信息被显示在观众的电视屏幕上。
这些已知的EPG不仅提供屏幕上的节目单，而且还能使观众调谐到所要的节目上，只要这种节目被列在节目指南中，便可以借助于和EPG的交互作用通过遥控而不是手动地改变频道调谐到想要的节目上。EPG一般以表格形式表示节目单，并使观众通过用于选择节目的光标或指针进行控制。所述表格可以这样组织，使得一个轴代表时间而另一个轴代表节目频道。这种表格一般以排序的方式表示节目频道，例如按频道号以数字顺序表示，或者按照节目源或其它的识别特征以字母的顺序表示。
虽然已知的EPG使观众能够方便地识别可得到的电视节目而不用检索其它不感兴趣的信息源，但是仍然存在缺点。例如，非常偏爱体育节目的观众仍然必须检索整个的节目表，以便寻找和感兴趣的体育事件有关的节目。此外，虽然一些电视机和电视安排系统使观众能够预先规定某个频道作为“喜爱”的频道，但并不是给定的电视接收机的每个观众都喜爱同一个喜爱的频道，并且任何一个观众的喜好可以随时间而改变，因而减少了这个特征的效率。此外已知的EPG没有提供用于限制特定的频道或特定种类的电视节目可被观看的时间量的装置，例如不仅根据节目的类型，而且根据观看的时间的家长锁定特征。已知的EPG也没有提供用于根据观众的过去的电视观看行为从互联网上识别并提供感兴趣的信息的装置。
根据现有技术的上述缺点，本发明的目的在于，提供一种方法和装置，用于监视观众的观看行为，不仅用于确定观众喜爱的频道，而且还确定观众喜爱的节目种类，并参照观众的观看爱好配置电子节目指南(“EPG”)或其它合适的指南系统的显示。
按照本发明，提供一种用于监视电视观看行为并确定观众的喜好的新的方法和装置。例如，这种新的方法和装置可用于按照观众的喜好在电视屏幕上配置和显示电子节目指南信息，控制某个电视节目被观看的时间数量，根据观众的选择自动地转换喜爱的节目选项，以便使观众容易选择，或者从互连网上识别与提供感兴趣的信息。
在本发明的一个示例性的实施例中，提供一种用于监视观看行为的装置，它包括用于建立用于存储优选的观看状态的观众简档的装置。该装置还包括用于计算一种观看状态的持续时间，确定所述观看状态是否被包括在观众简档表中，并且当被包括在观众简档表中时将该观看状态的持续时间附加于用于该状态的总的观看时间计数器的装置。如果观看状态没有被包括在观众简档表中，则这一新的装置将该观看状态和该观看状态的持续时间附加在观众简档表中。
如果观众简档表已满，则该装置将从观众简档表中除去一个最少的优选观看状态，从而为新的观看状态留出余地。不过，只有大于一个预定长度的观看状态才被考虑被包括在观众简档表中。
在本发明的另一方面中，可以确定观众喜爱的节目的种类。在本发明的这个方面，每个观看状态的持续时间被分成预定数量的电视节目种类，并被附加于相应于每一个这种种类的种类时间观看计数器中。
本发明的特点和优点通过结合附图阅读下面的说明将会看得更加清楚，其中：
图1说明一个假想的在一个短的时间间隔内的观众的观看行为；
图2说明一个观众简档阵列，其表示在一个扩展的观看时间间隔内可以被观众简档存储的信息；
图3是说明用于管理观众简档阵列的一种优选的算法的流程图；
图4是由电子节目指南显示的电视节目表；以及
图5是具有在背景中显示有主电视节目的电子节目短暂指南。
本发明的下面的实施例将以电子节目指南(“EPG”)和一般的电视观看进行说明，但是本领域的技术人员应当理解，所披露的方法和结构具有更广泛的应用。
电视观看环境一般包括电视机，观众接口，观众接口遥控器和一个或几个观众。观众接口在本领域中是公知的，并一般被设置为电视机的顶置单元。观众接口通常被连接在电视机和各个电视节目/广播源例如电缆和卫星之间。观众接口从各种广播源接收电视节目和电视节目指南信息形式的输入信号。观众接口也可以完成附加的功能，例如对电视节目的解码和编码。
为了说明本发明，观众接口附带地包括EPG。不过，本领域的技术人员应当理解，EPG可以以各种方式来实现，包括被设置在电视机内或者作为和观众接口连接的交互电视网的一部分。一种合适的EPG的例子在1995年11月13日申请的序列号为08/556624的题目为“Electronic Program Guide with Enhanced Presentation”的美国专利中描述了，在此引为参考。
观众接口还包括用于接收来自遥控器的观众指令的装置，例如改变电视频道。不过，遥控器仅仅是一个可供观众向观众接口与/或EPG输入指令的装置。例如，观众可以直接地向观众接口输入指令。
按照本发明，提供用于上述的电视观看环境中的观众简档，其监视观众的观看行为，从而确定观众的优选频道和在这些频道上所喜欢的电视节目的种类。本发明的观众简档比现有技术具有若干优点。凭借其存储的信息，观众简档将和可以遥控的EPG联合操作，并且可被命令自动地在观众喜爱的频道或在当前播放观众喜爱的节目种类的频道而漫游(surf)。此外，由观众简档捕捉的信息可被用于编制电视节目指南信息的EPG表示，从而提供对关于观众喜爱的频道与/或节目种类的信息的快速访问。此外，因为观众简档可以存储许多观众的简档，所以编制的节目表可以是特定观众的节目表。此外，可以使用观众简档锁定特定的频道或节目种类，或者限制这种频道或节目种类可被观看的时间量。观众简档还可用于识别并提供来自互联网的感兴趣的信息。
观众简档可以由软件实现，并且和EPG类似，可通过交互式电视网络或其它用于加载软件的装置，被下载到观众接口中。在另一个示例的实施例中，观众简档可作为在观众接口中的常驻软件来实现。
在监视观看行为的同时，观众简档将考虑一个用于观看任何一个不重要的频道的短的时间间隔。这个短的观看时间间隔例如可能来自通过在几个频道漫游而不在一个重要的观看时间间隔停留在任何一个频道上的观众。通过忽略不重要的观看时间间隔，观众简档便能够集中在观众的真正兴趣上，并防止大量的短的没有代表性的观看持续时间间隔曲解关于观众的真正喜好的数据。因而观众简档只考虑那些大于一个观看单位(unit)的重要的观看时间间隔。本领域的技术人员应当理解，由一个观看单位表示的持续时间间隔可以改变(例如1分钟，5分钟，10分钟等)，但是作为例子，并为了说明本发明，一个观看单位将被规定为15分钟。因此，只有大于一个观看单位，或15分钟的观看持续时间，才在确定观众喜爱的电视节目种类和喜爱的频道时予以考虑。
按照上述，图1披露了一种假想的在被观众简档滤波和存储之前的观众实际的观看行为。频道100是在所示的时间间隔102中由观众观看的电视频道。每个观看持续时间104反映观看的频道和经过的时间。虽然结合一个假想的观众观看行为进行讨论，本领域的技术人员应当理解，本发明不限于一个观众。如这里所披露的，观众简档可以单独地或者和电子节目指南相结合来监视并存储关于多个观众的优选信息。
图2披露了由观众简档在存储装置中存储的作为假想的观众扩展的观看历史的观众简档阵列200。应当理解，观众简档阵列200可以用几种类型的数据存储装置中的一种来实现，例如一种二维阵列或链接表。观众简档阵列200包括代表在至少一个观看单位观看的电视频道的项202。更具体地说，在任何给定的时刻在观众简档阵列200中的项202代表在此时刻由观众喜爱的观众简档进行的确定。
观众简档监视观众的观看行为并进行采集数据的时间间隔可以叫做观众简档采集期间。观众简档采集期间总是在一个新的观众简档产生时开始。观众简档采集期间可以响应观众的指令直观地重新开始，例如，如果观众随后快速地改变观看爱好，或者可以在合适的时间间隔(例如一个月或一年)自动地重新开始。不过，观众简档采集期间只在重新初始化时结束。
每个项202具有一个相关的总的观看单位计数器204和一个或几个单个的种类或子类观看单位计数器206。在观众的观众简档采集期间，项202的总的观看计数器204表示由项202表示的观众观看的相应的通道的总的观看单位数。子类观看单位计数器206表示在观众简档采集期间的在项202的相应的频道上观众观看的相关种类208的节目的观看单位数。种类208代表各种可能的电视节目种类。在每个种类208内有一个或几个子类。例如在电影类中，具有惊险的、娱乐的、科幻的等子类。除去种类208之外，通过监视子类，观众简档甚至可以提供关于观众行为的更精确的信息。
在阵列200中的可能的项202的数量可以被限制。在本发明的一个实施例中，所述限制被设置为可得到的电视频道的百分数，例如10％。而在本发明的另一个实施例中，项202的数量可以具有一个设置的数值限制，例如8个。不过，本领域的技术人员应当理解可以使用任何合适的装置来限阵列200中的项202的数量。
当通道100的一个通道符合成为观众简档项202的条件(即在观众简档采集期间具有一个以上的观看单位)并且观众简档阵列200已满时，则提供下面结合图3说明的一种新的方法，用于解决这个冲突。虽然在实际上，观众趋于集中在有限数量的(小于观众简档项202的限制数)喜爱频道上。
观众简档阵列管理
当观众观看一个尚未被包括在观众简档阵列200中的一个新的电视频道的时间大于一个观看单位时，观众简档阵列200中自动增加项202。不过，因为观众简档监视观众当前喜爱的频道，当观众简档阵列200被完全充满时，必须有一种方法利用新的喜爱的频道代替旧的项。图3说明一种有利的方法，观众简档利用该方法管理观众简档阵列200。图3说明的方法利用被加权的最当前(the least recently)使用的算法使观众简档项202退出，为新的频道留出位置。虽然此处在图3中以最当前使用的算法进行说明，但是，本领域的技术人员应当理解，也可以使用其它的类似的算法来监视观众行为并确定观众的喜爱，这仍然落在本发明的范围内。
现在参看图3，当电视观众开始观看一个频道时，在步300观众简档计时器被初始化。当观众调谐到一个不同频道时(步302)观众简档检查计时器，确定经过了多长时间(步304)。如果计时器表示经过的时间小于一个观看单位，则不进行进一步处理，并且观众简档简单地重新起动计时器(步300)。然而，如果计时器表示经过了一个或几个观看单位，则观众简档在步306确定被观看的频道是否已经在观众简档阵列200中。如果被观看的频道已经是阵列200中的项202，项202的观看单位计数器204和206就增加一个或几个观看单位(步308)，然后观众简档重新起动计时器用于新的频道(步300)。
如果观看的频道没有已经成为观众简档阵列200中的项202，则观众简档在观众简档阵列200中为新的项202寻找空间(步310)。如果在阵列200中具有空间，则观众简档把阵列200中的现有的所有项202向下移动一个位置(步312)，并在阵列200的顶上插入新的项202，并对于新的频道重新起动计时器(步300)。通过把新的项202放到观众简档阵列200的顶部，显然最近观看的项将位于阵列200的顶部。
如果在观众简档阵列200中没有用于新的项202的空间，则新的项202必须替换一个现有的项。观众简档将在阵列200中的底部的项开始(步314)，并且对于该项202的总的观看单位计数器204减1(步316)，然后检查(步318)对于该项的计数器204是否已经到0(子类观看单位计数器206不被减少)。如果计数器204已到0，则观众简档使所有项202向下移动一个位置，并在阵列200的顶部插入新的项202。这再次说明，这种新的方法是如何按照观众的喜爱对最近观看的项202加权的。不过，如果在步316对于底部的项202减少总的观看单位计数器204而没有使计数器204减少到0，则观众简档必须继续寻找要从观众简档阵列200中被除去的足够旧的项202。
因此，观众简档将向上移动到观众简档阵列200中的下一个较高的项202，只要观众简档没有处于阵列200的顶部。然后观众简档将减少(步316)，并对于下一个较高的项202检查总的观看计数器204(步318)。观众简档将按这种方式继续下去(步322，324，316和318)，直到它或者访问观众简档200中的每个项202，或者对于一个特定的项把总的观看单位计数器减少到0。如果观众简档经过整个观众简档阵列200而没有对于任何项202把总的观看单位计数器204减少到0，则观众简档将放弃其对观众简档阵列200附加一个新的项202的企图(步326)。
用这种方式产生观众简档阵列200，其中项202的次序表示哪个频道是最近观看的频道，同时相应的计数器204和206表示访问阵列200中的各个频道的时间长度和频繁程度。
在本发明的另一个示例的实施例中，代替只进行一个周期(即对在观众简档阵列200中的每个项的一次访问试图对阵列200附加一个新的项202)，观众简档可以通过阵列200进行多个周期，其中例如，周期数可以取决于由新的项202表示的频道已被观看的观看单位数。这另一个实施例允许在观众简档采集期间，根据相应频道被观看的时间量，使一个可能的新的项202的关联相对于现有项202的关联被加权。这可能是有帮助的，例如，在下一个时间周期(即几个观看单位)，一个可能的新的项202被观看，同时当前项202的总的观看单位计数器204太低，例如两个观看单位的情况下。因而，这另一个实施例确保一个观看时间长的新的项202不会因为不重要而被任意地删除。
在这另一个实施例中，当在步304识别出新的项202时，新的项观看单位计数器(未示出)被初始化，并被设置等于由新的项202表示的频道已被观看的观看单位数。然后，观众简档每通过观众简档阵列200循环一次(步314-324)，则新的项的观看单位计数器应当减一。如果在对于阵列200中的任意项202的总的观看单位计数器204被减到0之前，新的项的观看单位计数器被减到0，则在步326应当禁止对阵列200试图增加一个新的项202。然而，如果在新的项的观看单位计数器被减到0之前，在步316，318，对于阵列200中的项202的总的观看单位计数器204被减到0，则在步320，观众简档继续对阵列200增加新的项202。
在本发明的另一个示例的实施例中，在通过观众简档阵列200进行一个未完成的循环(步314到326，除去步320)之后，观众简档将简单地除去具有低于要被增加的项，如果有的话，的观看单位计数器的最老的项202，以便为具有大于1的新的项观看单位计数器的新的项202留出空间。这另一个实施例避免使计数器在多次循环中对于所有其它现有的项进行减数，因而和要被增加的将来的项相比，不强调这些项的重要性。
观众简档阵列的使用
图4说明不使用本发明的新的观众简档，一个典型的电子节目指南显示400是可以如何出现的。显示400由含有表示可得到的电视频道的行404和含有表示时间间隔的列406的表402构成。在行404中可得到的频道出现的次序按频道名的字母顺序排列。在图4中可以看出，例如喜爱观看SCI-FI频道或VH-1频道的观众必须漫游整个表402，以便知道在观众喜爱的频道上提供的内容。
按照本发明，由观众简档捕捉的信息可由EPG用于编制显示400，使得对于关于观众喜爱的频道与/或节目种类的信息提供较快的访问。因而，行404可以由EPG按照观众简档配置，使得喜爱的频道或喜爱的节目种类在表402的顶部显示，并可以容易地由观众选择。
图5说明电子节目指南的显示500的另一个实施例。如图5所示，频道可被排列在行502中，和主电视显示504重叠，具有通过光标一次选择的一个频道506。和图4的EPG类似，频道按频道名的字母顺序列出。在频道506上当前选择的电视节目在频道506下方的信息块508中表示。观众可以在观看主电视显示504的同时使用观众接口遥控器检查每个频道506。
图5的EPG可以结合本发明的观众简档进行操作，以便根据观众的爱好在行502中组织各个频道。本发明的观众简档也可以由EPG使用，以便通过观众喜爱的频道或者通过当前表示观众喜爱的节目种类或各节目种类的频道自动地漫游。因而，本发明的观众简档，和图5的EPG相结合，可以接收并执行观众发出的指令，以便自动地与由在观众简档阵列200中的当前项202表示的电视频道漫游，而不需观众进一步干预。这使得观众只通过按一次遥控器上的键便可以瞥见在观众喜爱的频道上当前播放的节目或在观众喜爱的种类中的节目，并且通过再按一次键便可以在一个喜爱的频道上停止漫游。本领域的技术人员应当理解，不需要占据电视的整个显示便可以漫游优选的频道的景象。因而，例如，如图5所示，在观众仍然观看主电视显示504的同时，光标可以在观众喜爱的频道上自动地阶跃。不过，本发明的观众简档也可以被用来在没有在电视屏幕上显示的EPG的主显示504中在喜爱的频道上阶跃。
本发明的这个新的方法和装置也可以被用来锁定特定的频道或节目种类，或者用来限制这种节目观看的时间量。作为对在本领域中已知的家长锁定特征的改进，本发明允许根据时间参数锁定某个频道，从而使得观看某个频道与/或观看种类可以被限制于每个时间期间的一定量的观看单位。
因而，例如，观众可被限制于每周只看4个小时的体育节目。一旦阵列200的观看单位计数器指示已经累计够4个小时的体育节目，在这一周内观众便被禁止观看任何其它的体育节目。这个新的锁定特征对儿童的家长非常有利，儿童家长可能希望限制可以观看的节目种类和这种节目的观看时间。
在本发明的另一个实施例中，使被存储在观众简档阵列200中的信息能够被感兴趣的广播者所得到。广播者使用所述信息更加有针对性地对某些个人或团体广播某类节目或广告。
观众简档阵列200还可用来识别观众没有观看的但是观众可能发现某类感兴趣的内容的频道。因而，例如，如果根据观众简档确定一个特定的观众喜欢观看电影，则该观众将被通知该电影何时在其不常观看的频道上播放。这些频道可以定期的自动地被识别，或者可以按照观众的请求而被提供。
同样，观众简档阵列200可被用于识别和向观众提供来自互联网的信息，其中包括万维网。观众简档的这种应用当个人计算机的输送模块和电视机在交互作用的频谱的相对端时是极为有利的。更具体地说，个人计算机是一种“拉”方式的介质，其中除非用户起动计算机并向其输入合适的指令，计算机才能工作。每个用户指令可以产生长的交互作用，但是不管其长度，用户控制信息的导航和表示。简单地说，用户从个人计算机或互联网中“拉出”信息。
和个人计算机不同，电视是一种“推”方式介质，其中电视广播在用户处被推动。除去能够改变频道或根据要求购买电视机之外，观众不控制来自广播者的信息流。在娱乐业中，这种“推”方式是需要的，其中惊奇是吸引听众的关键。
因而，通过观众简档阵列200保持对观众行为的跟踪有助于使电视和互连网的特点相结合，而不依赖于个人计算机“推”方式的交互作用。如此处所述，观众简档是一种每个观众最近观看的和最常观看的频道、节目种类以及节目子类的汇编。这种观众简档信息和例如已知的互连网检索工程结合，可以用于从互联网检索与“拉出”可能使特定观众感兴趣的信息。然后被确定的信息在观众那里按照电视的交互方式被“推动”。
从互联网拉出的信息可以用不同方式呈现给观众。例如，当可以得到某些感兴趣的信息时，在电视屏幕上可以小心地出现一个小的位图。此外，在屏幕上可以出现一个运行标识，用于给出关于在互联网上可得到的附加信息的一小段信息。
已经描述了本发明的几个实施例。这些描述仅是为了说明，而不构成对本发明的限制。因而，本领域的技术人员应当理解，不脱离下面提出的权利要求的构思，可以作出本发明的许多改型。

Claims (21)

1．一种用于监视电视观看行为从而确定观众的爱好的方法，包括以下步骤：
建立观众简档表，用于存储预定数量的优选的观看状态；
计算第一观看状态的持续时间；
确定所述第一观看状态是否被包括在所述观众简档表中；
如果所述第一观看状态被包括在所述观众简档表中，则将所述第一观看状态的持续时间附加到用于在所述观众简档表中的所述第一观看状态的总的观看时间计数器；以及
如果所述第一观看状态未被包括在所述观众简档表中，则把所述第一观看状态和所述第一观看状态的持续时间附加到所述观众简档表中。
2．如权利要求1所述的方法，还包括以下步骤：
当所述第一观看状态要被加入所述观众简档表中时，如果所述观众简档表已满，则从所述观众简档表中除去一个最小的优选的观看状态。
3．如权利要求1所述的方法，还包括以下步骤：
比较所述第一观看状态的持续时间和预定的时间单元；以及
只有所述持续时间超过所述预定时间单元时，才将所述第一观看状态的持续时间加到所述观众简档表中。
4．如权利要求1所述的方法，还包括以下步骤：
将所述第一观看状态的持续时间划分为相应于电视节目的预定数量的种类的预定数量的种类持续时间；
如果所述第一观看状态处于所述观众简档表中，则把所述第一观看状态的种类持续时间加到所述观众简档表中的预定数量的相应种类观看时间计数器中；以及
如果所述第一观看状态不处于所述观众简档表中，则把所述第一观看状态和所述第一观看状态的种类持续时间加到所述观众简档表中的相应种类观看时间计数器中。
5．如权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述确定第一观看状态的持续时间的步骤包括以下步骤：
存储第一观看状态的开始时间；
存储第二观看状态的开始时间；以及
通过从所述第二观看状态的开始时间中减去所述第一观看状态的开始时间来确定所述第一观看状态的持续时间。
6．如权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述确定第一观看状态的持续时间的步骤包括以下步骤：
在所述第一观看状态的开始时刻初始化一个计时器；以及
按照所述计时器确定所述第一观看状态的持续时间。
7．一种用于监视观看行为的装置，包括：
用于建立用于存储预定数量的优选的观看状态的观众简档表的装置；
用于计算第一观看状态的持续时间的装置；
用于确定所述第一观看状态是否被包括在所述观众简档表中的装置；
如果所述第一观看状态被包括在所述观众简档表中，则用于将第一观看状态的持续时间附加到用于在所述观众简档表中的所述第一观看状态的总的观看时间计数器的装置；以及
如果所述第一观看状态未被包括在所述观众简档表中，则用于把所述第一观看状态和所述第一观看状态的持续时间附加到所述观众简档表中的装置。
8．如权利要求7所述的装置，还包括：
当所述第一观看状态要被加入所述观众简档表中时，如果所述观众简档表已满，则用于从所述观众简档表中除去一个最小的优选的观看状态的装置。
9．如权利要求7所述的装置，还包括：
用于比较所述第一观看状态的持续时间和预定的时间单元的装置；以及
只有如果所述持续时间超过所述预定时间单元时，才用于将所述第一观看状态的持续时间加到所述观众简档表中的装置。
10．如权利要求7所述的装置，还包括：
用于将所述第一观看状态的持续时间划分为相应于电视节目的预定数量的种类的预定数量的种类持续时间的装置；
如果所述第一观看状态处于所述观众简档表中，则用于把所述第一观看状态的种类持续时间加到所述观众简档表中的预定数量的相应种类观看时间计数器中的装置；以及
如果所述第一观看状态不处于所述观众简档表中，则用于把所述第一观看状态和所述第一观看状态的种类持续时间加到所述观众简档表中的相应种类观看时间计数器中的装置。
11．一种可用于命令计算机监视观看行为的计算机可读介质，包括：
用于命令计算机建立用于存储预定数量的优选的观看状态的观众简档表的装置；
用于命令计算机计算一个第一观看状态的持续时间的装置；
用于命令计算机确定所述第一观看状态是否被包括在所述观众简档表中的装置；
如果所述第一观看状态被包括在所述观众简档表中，用于命令计算机将所述第一观看状态的持续时间附加到在所述观众简档表中的所述第一观看状态的总的观看时间计数器的装置；以及
如果所述第一观看状态未被包括在所述观众简档表中，用于命令计算机把所述第一观看状态和所述第一观看状态的持续时间附加到所述观众简档表中的装置。
12．如权利要求11所述的计算机可读介质，还包括：
当所述第一观看状态要被加入所述观众简档表中时，如果所述观众简档表已满，用于命令计算机从所述观众简档表中除去一个最小的优选的观看状态的装置。
13．如权利要求11所述的计算机可读介质，还包括：
用于命令计算机比较所述第一观看状态的持续时间和预定的时间单元的装置；以及
只有所述持续时间超过所述预定时间单元时，才用于命令计算机将所述第一观看状态的持续时间加到所述观众简档表中的装置。
14．如权利要求11所述的计算机可读介质，还包括：
用于命令计算机将所述第一观看状态的持续时间划分为相应于电视节目的预定数量的种类的预定数量的种类持续时间的装置；
如果所述第一观看状态处于所述观众简档表中，用于命令计算机把所述第一观看状态的种类持续时间加到所述观众简档表中的预定数量的相应种类观看时间计数器中的装置；以及
如果所述第一观看状态不处于所述观众简档表中，用于命令计算机把所述第一观看状态和所述第一观看状态的种类持续时间加到所述观众简档表中的相应种类观看时间计数器中的装置。
15．一种用于在电视屏幕上显示节目指南信息的方法，包括以下步骤：
监视观众的观看行为；
按照观众的观看行为确定观众的至少一个优选的观看状态；
按照所述观众的至少一个优选的观看状态配置节目指南信息；以及
在电视屏幕上显示配置的节目指南信息。
16．如权利要求15所述的方法，其中所述监视步骤包括以下步骤：
建立观众简档表，用于存储预定数量的观看状态；
计算第一观看状态的持续时间；
确定所述第一观看状态是否被包括在所述观众简档表中；
如果所述第一观看状态被包括在所述观众简档表中，则将所述第一观看状态的持续时间附加到用于在所述观众简档表中的所述第一观看状态的总的观看时间计数器；以及
如果所述第一观看状态未被包括在所述观众简档表中，则把所述第一观看状态和所述第一观看状态的持续时间附加到所述观众简档表中。
17．一种用于控制电视节目的观看时间的装置，包括：
用于识别要被控制其观看时间的电视节目的装置；
用于规定所述被识别的电视节目的可以观看的时间量的装置；
用于监视要被控制其所述观看时间的观众的观看行为的装置；以及
按照所述被监视的观看行为，用于阻止超出所述规定的时间量的所述被识别的电视节目的观看的装置。
18．一种用于在电视屏幕上显示来自互连网的信息的方法，包括以下步骤：
监视观众的观看行为；
按照观众的观看行为，确定观众的至少一个优选的观看状态；
按照所述观众的至少一个优选的观看状态从互连网获得信息；以及
在电视屏幕上显示从互连网获得的信息。
19．如权利要求18所述的方法，其中所述监视步骤包括以下步骤：
建立观众简档表，用于存储预定数量的观看状态；
计算第一观看状态的持续时间；
确定所述第一观看状态是否被包括在所述观众简档表中；
如果所述第一观看状态被包括在所述观众简档表中，则将所述第一观看状态的持续时间附加到用于在所述观众简档表中的所述第一观看状态的观看时间计数器；以及
如果所述第一观看状态未被包括在所述观众简档表中，则把所述第一观看状态和所述第一观看状态的持续时间附加到所述观众简档表中。
20．在一种适用于和电视机连接的顶置单元中的一种用于在电视屏幕上显示节目指南信息的装置，所述装置包括：
用于监视电视观看行为，以便确定观众的频道爱好的装置，所述监视装置包括：
用于建立用于存储预定数量的优选的频道的观众简档表的装置；
用于计算第一频道被观看的的持续时间的装置；
用于确定所述第一频道是否被包括在所述观众简档表中的装置；
如果所述第一频道被包括在所述观众简档表中，则用于将所述第一频道的观看持续时间附加到用于在所述观众简档表中的所述第一频道的总的观看时间计数器的装置；以及
如果所述第一频道未被包括在所述观众简档表中，则用于把所述第一频道和所述第一频道的观看持续时间附加到所述观众简档表中的装置；
用于按照观众的观看行为确定观众的优选频道的装置；
用于按照观众的优选频道配置节目指南信息的装置；以及
用于在电视屏幕上显示配置的节目指南信息的装置。
21．如权利要求20所述的装置，其中所述监视装置还包括：
用于将所述第一频道的观看持续时间划分为相应于电视节目的预定数量的种类的预定数量的种类持续时间的装置；
如果所述第一频道处于所述观众简档表中，用于把所述第一频道的种类持续时间加到所述观众简档表中的预定数量的相应种类观看时间计数器中的装置；以及
如果所述第一频道不处于所述观众简档表中，用于把所述第一频道和所述第一频道的种类持续时间加到所述观众简档表中的相应种类观看时间计数器中的装置。
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CN1119020C (zh) 2003-08-20
CA2277834A1 (en) 1998-05-22
CA2277834C (en) 2009-06-02
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