CN102415068A - 用于多租户电话网络的方法和系统 - Google Patents

用于多租户电话网络的方法和系统 Download PDF

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CN102415068A
CN102415068A CN2010800195480A CN201080019548A CN102415068A CN 102415068 A CN102415068 A CN 102415068A CN 2010800195480 A CN2010800195480 A CN 2010800195480A CN 201080019548 A CN201080019548 A CN 201080019548A CN 102415068 A CN102415068 A CN 102415068A
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CN102415068B (zh
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杰弗里·劳森
约翰·沃尔斯
埃文·库克
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Twilio Inc
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Abstract

一种用于运行多租户电话系统的方法和系统，包括存储从多个用户接收到的呼叫请求的呼叫队列；可扩展和可收缩的电话资源集群，其为呼叫请求建立呼叫会话；计算系统的容量需求的分析系统；管理所述电话资源集群的扩缩和运行的资源分配器；以及多个电话网络信道，其被用作呼叫会话的电话通信信道。

Description

用于多租户电话网络的方法和系统
相关申请的交叉参考
本申请要求以下美国临时专利申请的权益：于2009年3月2日提交的，题为“A method of Providing a Telephony Network for a Plurality ofUsers”的第61/156,758号美国临时专利申请；于2009年10月7日提交的，题为“Method and System for a Multitenancy Telephone Network”的第61/249,493号美国临时专利申请；于2010年1月19日提交的，题为“Method and System for a Multitenancy Telephone Network”的第61/296,270号美国临时专利申请，通过引用将它们全文合并到本文。
本申请涉及第12/417,630号在先申请，该申请于2009年04月02日提交，题为“System and Method for Processing Telephony Sessions”，通过引用将其全文合并到本文。
技术领域
本发明大体上涉及电话领域，更具体地涉及在电话领域中的新颖和实用的多租户(Multitenancy)电话网络。
背景技术
对于电话会话或连接，电话网络在历史上采用信道架构。信道架构在电话史上是有基础的。物理上的线连接或信道需要被物理地连接以进行电话呼叫。信道的概念沿用至今。习惯上要求电话网的用户基于每个信道付费。希望拥有公共交换机(PBX)、呼叫中心、或类似电话应用的用户，通常订阅业务或具有仅他们可用的固定数目的信道。由于信道数目是其合同的一部分，他们不能超过该信道数目(否则呼叫或电话会话将失效)。由于大部分应用偶尔经历满容量使用，用户常常支付比通常所使用的信道更多的信道的费用。
与电话网络的基于信道的架构形成对照，基于分组的网络革新近年来显著增加，诸如网络电话(VOIP)、基于互联网的应用、以及基于互联网的电话应用等等。随着更新的技术进入电话领域，处理硬件和软件容量需要正面临罕见的挑战。专用的硬件和软件常常在电话呼叫会话期间执行任务或甚至充当连接呼叫方到基于互联网的应用的中间系统。电话系统通常比基于网站的应用具有更高的性能预期。当网站用户期待网站和软件耗时以加载和处理信息时，正在通话中的呼叫方经历延时或反应满的交互的困扰。此外，电话应用仍然依赖基于信道的电话系统，其又对可扩缩性增加了另外的障碍。电话网络和现存的电话应用软件和硬件架构限制了电话应用领域的增长能力。因此，在电话领域需要建立新的和实用的多租户电话网络。本发明提供这种新的和实用的系统和方法。
发明目的
本发明提供为电话应用提供多租户电话网络的系统和方法。本发明的一个目的是管理多用户环境中的共享资源的使用和动态地扩缩资源以满足容量要求。这个目标的相关效果是对每个用户可用的资源的视在数量的总和大于用于实施多租户电话网络的实际资源数量。本发明的另一个目的是通过提供处理和存储资源来有效地利用电话平台的资源以满足容量需求，从而有效地将其它未使用的资源留给其它的应用，将其关闭电源以节约功率，或任何适合的功能。本发明的另一目的是使电话资源集群的使用对用户的应用透明。即使应用的运行分布在多个电话业务资源之间且可能涉及在不同信道上的多个电话会话的情形也优选地保留这种透明度。本发明的这些和其它目的由本发明的优选实施方式实现，包括用于多租户电话网络的系统，运行多租户电话网络的方法，运行动态电话网络的方法，以及在电话硬件之间分布呼叫的方法，在下列部分中逐个进行描述。
附图简要说明
图1是运行多租户电话网络的方法的优选实施方式的流程图示；
图2-4是多租户电话网络的系统的优选实施方式的示意性图示；
图5是利用呼叫转录器集群的本发明的优选实施方式的示意性图示；
图6是运行动态电话网络的方法的优选实施方式的流程图；
图7是实施会议电话的本发明的优选实施方式的流程图；以及
图8是接收呼入呼叫的本发明优选实施方式的流程图。
优选实施方式的说明
本发明的优选实施方式的下列说明并非旨在将本发明限制在这些优选的实施方式，而是使得本领域的技术人员能够实施和使用本发明。
1.用于多租户电话网络的系统
如图2-4中所示，优选实施方式的系统100包括电话资源集群110、呼叫队列120、分析系统130、资源分配器140、以及多个电话网络信道150。电话资源110集群优选地包括多个分配的电话网络信道152和/或诸如多个呼叫路由器、负载平衡器的多个电话资源112，并且可以另外包括业务应用。该系统起到分配网络和系统资源的使用以及基于容量要求动态地调整系统的作用。
电话资源集群110(或“集群”)起到可扩缩的(可扩展的和/或可收缩的)资源集合的作用，其中至少一个资源被用于创建用户要求的电话呼叫会话。集群110优选是可以动态地调整以满足处理和/或存储要求的硬件和/或软件部件的集合。集群110优选地相对于外部设备呈现为硬件和/或软件云，使得硬件分配和使用的管理由系统在内部处理。在图2中示出的一种变形中，电话资源集群110，优选为多个电话资源112，所述电话资源112起到为呼叫请求或呼叫会话诸如建立呼叫会话、将电话指令转换成呼叫动作、转录呼叫、或接通呼叫等提供中间处理任务的作用。在图3示出的另一变形中，电话资源集群110优选为到分配的电话网络信道152的多个连接，其中分配的电话网络信道152是已经被激活或被指定为可用于呼叫会话的信道的已分配的电话网络信道152的信道。
电话资源112优选是为特定的电话处理任务提供的软件或硬件资源。优选存在多个电话资源112，且可能存在执行不同的专门任务的多个电话资源类型。电话资源112优选地包括计算机处理器和/或计算机存储设备。电话资源112可以是物理硬件设备、虚拟机、软件程序/例程、和/或提供电话资源112的处理和存储操作的任何适当的组合。在某些情形中，电话资源112可以包括专用的硬件或软件。由于电话资源112在处理能力或数据存储方面共享基本的功能，可以另配电话资源112的核心功能使得电话资源112执行不同的专门任务。资源分配器140(更具体地说是负载平衡器142)优选另配电话资源112以作为资源集群110的不同部分。例如，集群可以包括许多文本到语音服务器和许多呼叫路由器，但是在某一时间点可以只有少量的文本到语音操作被执行以及数量增加的电话应用，因此文本到语音服务器优选地被另配为呼叫路由器。在一个变形中，多个电话资源112(即集群110)优选地包括多个呼叫路由器114。另外或可替换地，集群可以包括其它硬件设备或软件例程，诸如媒体处理系统、转录系统、文本到语音系统、呼叫记录器、呼叫数据存储、或任何适当的硬件(物理设备或虚拟机)或软件。集群的资源分配器140优选地包括负载平衡器142，其管理处理任务的分布和多个电话资源112的运行。此外，集群可以包括可以共同解决由于利用多个资源所导致的问题的业务应用和/或呼叫路由器网络。
多个呼叫路由器114起到发起或接收来自电话设备的呼叫以及提供电话应用相关的处理的作用。优选地，呼叫路由器连接到应用服务器，其优选地是呼叫请求源。多个呼叫路由器114优选是可以根据容量需求进行调整的动态数量的呼叫路由器114。如上所述，在可替换的实施方式中，多个呼叫路由器114可以由其它适当的电话硬件或软件资源代替或与其它适当的电话硬件或软件资源相结合，诸如媒体处理系统、转录系统、文本到语音系统、或其它在电话应用中使用的专用硬件或软件资源。在一个例子中，多个转录硬件资源或虚拟资源可以用于代替呼叫路由器以对电话呼叫进行转录，如图5中所示。此外，呼叫路由器114可以被另配为媒体处理系统、转录系统、文本到语音系统、或用于任何适当的过程，并且类似地任何处理器可以被另配以用作呼叫路由器。硬件或软件资源的数量可以另外或可替换地分配或解除分配，使得在任何时间可以操作在任何适当的组合中的任何期望的资源数目。硬件实例在被解除分配时可以被断电、置入节能模式、或置于任何适当的状态。电话资源112可以另外或可替换地作为云计算平台(其可以由诸如由Amazon运行的Elastic Compute Cloud的外部一方运作)上的虚拟资源运行。当诸如呼叫路由器114的电话资源112被解除分配时，虚拟资源可以返回给供应商，提供给云计算平台的其它用户，结束资源的虚拟化或任何适当的过程。当解除分配时，可以退出或删除软件实例。可以调整或维持诸如呼叫路由器与媒体处理系统的比率的资源比率。
呼叫路由器114优选地经由PSTN网络连接到公共交换电话网(PSTN)设备，使得它可以从PSTN连接的设备接收和产生呼叫，诸如陆上通信线、蜂窝电话、卫星电话或任何其它适当的PSTN连接的设备，以及诸如网络(VOIP)电话、SIP设备、Skype、Gtalk、或其它因特网可寻址的语音设备的非PSTN设备。因此，呼叫路由器112可以优选地创建到分布式电话控制器的电话网络的连接。呼叫路由器112可以可替换地或另外用作或包括用于诸如SMS(短信息服务)信息或MMS(多媒体信息)的电话信息的信息路由器。呼叫路由器112可以优选地连接到信息网络，使得它可以从SMS/MMS网络设备、蜂窝电话、计算机、智能手机、或任何适当的SMS/MMS网络设备接收和发送信息。呼叫路由器112也可以发送或接收文本信息、多媒体信息、电子邮件、传真或其它适当的PSTN兼容的通信信息。呼叫路由器112优选地利用应用层协议更优选地利用HTTP(超文本传输协议)协议，或安全的HTTPS(超文本传输协议安全)协议与应用服务器相通信。应用服务器优选地主持(host)电话应用、声音文件、文本文件、数据库、和/或可以被呼叫路由器在电话交互中使用的任何适当的媒体、资源或文件。呼叫路由器112可以另外产生呼叫路由器资源。呼叫路由器资源优选地可以被应用服务器和其它设备(诸如其它呼叫路由器)通过呼叫路由器API访问。呼叫路由器资源起到呼叫路由器元数据、内部呼叫路由器状态、或由呼叫路由器使用的给定资源的状态的可寻址表示的作用。例如，呼叫路由器114可以记录呼叫和将该记录保存为呼叫路由器资源。
此外，优选实施方式的电话资源集群110可以包括服务应用116，其充当信息部件以协调在各种呼叫路由器114、硬件资源、和/或软件资源之间分布的应用的功能。服务应用116优选是内部资源，当应用的正常运行因为应用的运行分布在集群110的各种硬件和软件资源之间而被阻止时使用该内部资源。服务应用116优选是信息服务，该信息服务在信息被传送到特定目的地(诸如到另一呼叫路由器114)时提供可靠的信息。服务应用116可以可替换地提供广播信息，它发布信息而不知道假如信息被收到时是谁接收了信息。作为第一个例子，挂断电话服务应用116可被用于协调在不同的呼叫路由器114上的挂断呼叫会话。挂断电话服务优选地被用于通信到适当的呼叫路由器114以取消去话呼叫，例如当一个应用想拨多个号码但是一旦其中一个呼叫被应答时，则挂断所有未应答的呼叫。作为第二个例子，多输入服务可以汇集和输入来自多个电话设备的命令。因此，双音多频(DTMF)输入或语音命令可以由任何呼叫方发布和发送到该应用，即使该呼叫分布在该集群内的多个呼叫路由器114上。这可以被用在会议电话内的投票表决应用中。这样，电话应用不需要积极地应对处理和分布在集群内的呼叫处理，以及集群的硬件和软件资源由于内部服务应用116而优选地对外部应用呈现为单一实体。
此外，优选实施方式的电话资源集群110可以包括呼叫路由器网络118，其起到允许在各个呼叫路由器114之间的某一层级的通信和同步作用。呼叫路由器网络118可以另外或可替换地应用于其它硬件或软件资源。呼叫路由器网络118优选地被用于访问共享资源或作为通信信道。在一个示例性应用中，在呼叫路由器网络118上建立网络电话(VOIP)连接以混合来自各个呼叫路由器的音频。VOIP连接优选地被用于实施分布在多个呼叫路由器114上的会议电话。作为另一例子，呼叫路由器网络118可以另外被用于将来自呼叫路由器的音频分流到实时因特网音频流。作为另一例子，呼叫路由器网络118可以被用于访问在另一电话资源112上的数据，诸如通过使用呼叫路由器API来访问呼叫路由器资源。服务应用116和呼叫路由器网络118可以另外在同步分布在集群内的应用中彼此协调。
优选实施方式的呼叫队列120起到管理呼叫请求堆栈的作用。呼叫队列120优选是尚未服务或尚未分配必要资源的去话呼叫请求的列表。该请求优选以适合于网络150和电话资源集群110的当前容量的速率被服务。服务速率可以可替换地根据分布式电话控制器114、电话资源集群110、和/或在队列120中的请求数量的容量来进行调整。当容量被超出时，优选地将呼叫请求(诸如由电话应用发起的请求)放置在呼叫队列120中，或可替换地针对每个请求或基于任何适当的规则将该呼叫请求放置在呼叫队列120中。
在一种变形中，应用优选具有相关的用户限制，特别是：请求间(inter-call)速率限制(节流量)和总限制(最高限额)。节流量和最高限额优选地用于确定呼叫队列中的请求定位。该限制可以可替换地分配给账户、电话号码、或任何适当的实体。电话信息(例如，SMS和MMS)是可以另外被放置在呼叫队列中的呼叫请求的一种变形。可以优选地排队入栈和出栈的电话信息，由于入栈信息不像入栈呼叫一样，其不要求立即采取动作。SMS信息优选在队列中的请求被服务后发送。可以可替换地在专门的信息队列中对SMS信息和/或MMS信息排队。SMS信息可以具有随着请求而变化的速率限制(节流量)和总限制(最高限额)。以任何速率从用户收到的请求优选地根据该节流量以一定的时间间隔排列在呼叫队列中。在来自应用的呼叫请求之间优选地具有强制的等待时间。优选地以如图6中显示的交错或交替形式在队列中对不同用户的请求进行排序，但是可替换地，用户可以基于服务计划、先到先服务策略、呼叫请求类型、和/或任何适当的策略拥有优先权。最高限额优选是对用户在给定的时间内可以发出的请求的总数的限制。呼叫队列120的用户限制、处理、间隔、和/或排序起到防止一个应用在任何时间不公平地占据电话网络或电话资源集群的使用。此外，应用可以要求尽快地或在未来的某个时间(例如，用户安排一个呼叫或稍后时间的呼叫)访问电话资源112。另外或可替换地，用户限制可以根据应用的需求进行调整或设置。应用可以基于用户应用的类型或特征而具有特定的要求。用户限制优选地根据用户选择的合同和/或定价模式或由其它适当的方法设置。
在另一变形中，呼叫队列120专用于单一用户实体的请求。在这个变形中，优选具有多个单独分配的呼叫队列120。优选地将呼叫请求编入每个用户的呼叫队列120。电话信息请求可替换地具有用于每个电话号码的队列。优选地可以在任何时间将用户请求加入到该单独分配的队列120中。每个队列优选地根据考虑了每个用户限制(诸如资源限制、全系统限制等等)的计划被服务(即，出列)。换句话说，出列以交替方式发生在多个呼叫队列120之间。单独分配的呼叫队列可以另外用于特定的资源，而出列优选地根据特定资源的出列速率发生。出列速率优选地与资源的容量相关，但是可以可替换地基于任何适当的准则。与其它排队变形一样，排队可以可替换地根据任何适当的排队方法发生，这些方法例如随机法、以循环方式、公平排队法、加权的公平排队法、基于实际资源使用、和/或任何适当的方法。作为基于账户/电话号码排队的可替换选择，可以基于时间、优先权、使用历史、或任何适当的方面对呼叫或信息请求进行排队。可以另外具有用于协调单独分配的呼叫队列(或信息队列)120的出列的控制队列。
如上所述，呼叫队列120可以包括用于处理电话信息(例如：SMS或MMS信息)的另外的或可替换的系统。SMS信息优选地具有针对其服务速率的另外的限制和制约。优选地不仅针对与各种用户共享电话网络接入而对SMS信息进行排队，并且也优选地实施速率以防止来自单一用户的SMS信息受到速率限制，被识别为垃圾电子邮件。电话信息的呼叫队列120可以包括至少两种类型的队列：控制队列和电话号码队列。电话号码队列优选地起到用户希望发送的电话信息的单一用户的个人队列的作用，而控制队列实质上类似于上面针对呼叫队列120描述的多用户队列。可以可替换地使用单独分配的呼叫队列120而不使用控制队列，并且单独分配的呼叫队列120可以基于账户电话号码或任何适当的分配。控制队列和电话号码队列优选地起到分离特定应用的信息排队和多个信息的信息排队的作用。优选地不直接将SMS信息(文本)的内容或MMS信息(多媒体)的内容存储在呼叫队列中，优选地存储关于SMS信息内容的编号。这起到减少队列负载的作用。优选地当服务排队的编号时，存储和访问SMS/MMS内容。
队列弹出器(popper)122(即出列器)优选是软件或硬件机制，它起到从呼叫队列中选择要服务的呼叫请求的作用。队列弹出器122优选地以优选的速率选择呼叫请求，但是队列弹出器可以可替换地根据容量或可用资源，或其组合来选择呼叫请求。可以另外存在起到同时从呼叫队列120选择呼叫请求的多个队列弹出器122。呼叫弹出器122的数量是可变的。附加的或专门的队列弹出器122可被用于附加的SMS呼叫队列。呼叫队列120、队列弹出器122、或任何适当的组合可以优选地用于控制呼叫请求的节流(或服务速率)。可以在每个电话号码、每个账户(如在多用户应用中一样)上、和/或根据任何呼叫/信息特征实施节流。
优选实施方式的分析系统130起到分析系统以预测资源需求的作用。分析系统130优选地监视系统的多个方面。分析系统130可以监视诸如网络或硬件操作层级的当前容量或趋势(增加或减少)；诸如找出容量相关性的存入数据的使用历史(例如，检测模式)；队列长度和队列进入等待时间；从应用的过去使用来对应用进行诸如历史模式的分析；和/或任何适当的方面。优选地找出涉及一天的时间、一周中的各天、年模式、使用模式(诸如假如一个用户的需求容量的增加指示其它用户的需求容量的增加)、呼叫地点、呼叫的呼叫持续时间、和/或任何适当的指示器。分析系统130优选地把电话网络信道的入栈和出栈容量区别开。分析系统优选地产生用于资源分配器140、分布式电话控制器144、负载平衡器142、和/或另外地，呼叫队列120的数据。来自分析系统的预测或数据可以另外被用于提供分布式呼叫控制器的容量、用于计划电话网络的静态容量的容量需求、呼叫路由器的数量、集群内的硬件或软件资源、和/或队列管理的参数。分析系统130优选地比较预期的和实际的负载，并提供用于补偿在系统的资源使用中的可变性的数据。
优选实施方式的资源分配器140起到扩缩和管理电话集群110的运行的作用。资源分配器140另外优选地另配集群110的电话资源112、分配新的电话资源112、解除分配电话资源、和/或任何其它适当的分配过程。资源分配器140可以另外控制系统的呼叫队列和其它设备的供应。资源分配器140优选地在确定资源的供应和运行中使用分析系统130的数据。资源分配器140优选地使用来自分析系统130的信息以预测所需的电话资源112的容量。资源分配器140优选地使用预测的容量需求以确定需要运行多少硬件(物理的或虚拟的)或软件资源，以及资源分配器优选地根据需要来分配、解除分配、或另配电话资源112(例如，呼叫路由器和/或其它硬件或软件资源)。当确定在某一特定时间已经分配的资源的数量和比率时，资源分配器140可以另外使用启动时间、运行成本、或其它硬件和软件资源的参数。资源分配器140也优选保持跟踪当前可用的资源数量，并使其它系统部件(包括出列器、负载平衡器等等)可以获得资源可用性的信息。这种资源可用性的信息优选被其它系统部件使用以调整该系统部件的运行。资源分配器150优选实时监视资源和另配资源。
优选实施方式的资源分配器140优选包括负载平衡器142，其起到在呼叫路由器和其它硬件之间分发处理任务的作用。优选实施方式的负载平衡器140优选地优化处理任务的分发，使得多个呼叫路由器114运行在最优或接近最优的水平上。呼叫路由器114的运行可以针对性能、能量、成本、和/或任何适当的条件进行优化。负载平衡器142优选地在任务被创建时将该任务(例如呼叫请求/会话的服务)指示给合适的呼叫路由器142(或电话资源112)。任务优选是电话应用的运行，但是可以可替换地是呼叫请求或呼叫会话。在一个例子中，一百个呼叫路由器114可以提供针对一百个电话应用的呼叫路由器任务。在第二个例子中，一百个呼叫路由器114可以各自处理与一个电话应用相关的单个呼叫会话，诸如具有一百个参与者的电话会议应用。资源分配器140优选地发送关于系统资源的当前状态(资源负载、资源数量等等)的通知到负载平衡器142。负载平衡器142基于由资源分配器140提供的数据，将请求分发到当前可用的和运行的资源，以满足被负载平衡的应用的需求。
优选实施方式的资源分配器140可以包括分布式呼叫控制器144，其起到控制由系统使用和运行的电话网络150的作用。分布式呼叫控制器优选管理多个电话资源对电话网络信道150的共享使用。如果使用多个网络供应商或载波，分布式呼叫控制器144可以可替换地是多个电话网络的子集。分布式呼叫控制器144的运行优选地起到控制针对电话网络150的当前容量需求的分配的信道数量的作用。分配的信道优选是可用的静态信道容量中的在使用中或准备使用的信道。分布式呼叫控制器的容量优选地在任何给定的时间小于或等于静态信道容量。分布式呼叫控制器150的容量可以优选地通过分配更多的电话网络资源到呼叫控制器而增加，并且分布式呼叫控制器144的容量可以优选地通过解除分配电话网络资源而减少。作为例子，商用硬件节点在高容量需求期间可以被增加到电话网络以运行电话软件堆栈。分布式呼叫控制器144优选地使用分析系统130来预测或响应期望的容量需求。电话网络150可以另外被划分成入栈信道、出栈信道、以及可以分别用于接收呼叫、产生呼叫、以及接收、产生呼叫二者的双向信道。电话网络150还可以包括SMS或MMS入栈和出栈信道。分布式呼叫控制器144优选地根据预测的使用来管理信道类型的使用。双向信道可以优选地用于容量需求的灵活性。作为一个例子，如果预期来话呼叫负载较高，那么优选地将去话呼叫引导到出栈信道以保留更多的容量给来话呼叫。分布式呼叫控制器144可以另外根据来自网络供应商的订购或合同来管理分配的信道的数量和使用。可以使用分配或解除分配信道以保证批量定价阈值或其它网络条件得到满足。
具有静态数量的信道150的电话网络优选是为用户提供电话网络接入的基本的基础设施。电话会话优选通过电话网络进行通信，并且电话会话优选包括电话语音会话和/或文本/媒体信息(电话报文发送)。信道的静态数量优选是可以一次被支持的同步电话会话或呼叫的总数量。信道数量通常由特定的载波或网络可用的相互连接的数量进行限制。电话网络150可以可替换地由多个载波或网络供应商或公共交换电话网络组成，但是优选地将多个载波或网络作为一个电话网络进行管理或处理。信道的静态数量优选为一段时间的设定数量(通常基于与电话公司的合同)，并且该数量优选足够大以提供足够的容量。信道的静态数量优选地决定网络容量和与其它网络相连接的电话网络的能力。电话网络的运行优选通过提供接入电话网络的信道的应用来处理。电话网络可以具有在任何给定的时间没有被使用的给定数量的信道。在一个变形中，电话网络可以可替换地以未使用模式运行未使用的信道。未使用模式可以是全部或部分的硬件掉电模式、硬件睡眠模式、辅助使用(诸如用于可以优选以最小负面影响来中断的非关键性使用)、和/或任何适当的方式。未使用模式可以起到减少运行成本和/或最大化利用未使用容量的作用。电话网络信道150优选是公共交换电话网(PSTN)连接，但是可以可替换地是会话发起协议(SIP)信息通路或创建到电话设备的电话网络连接的任何适当的设备。
2.运行多用户电话网络的方法
如图1中所示，优选实施方式的运行多用户电话网络的方法100’包括多路传输多个用户的呼叫请求到电话资源的步骤S110，通过电话资源从呼叫请求创建第一呼叫会话的步骤S130，以及将该呼叫会话与多个另外的呼叫会话多路传输到电话信道的步骤S140。方法100’起到创建资源密集型电话应用的有效的和可扩缩的网络系统。电话资源优选是电话资源集群的一部分。由于处理网络负载的宽范围(wide spectrum)的能力，电话资源集群优选地进行扩缩以满足当前的容量要求，其起到减少运行成本和允许多种应用使用多用户电话网络的作用。此外，方法100’起到允许电话应用的运行分布在各种各样的多用户、共享资源(例如，电话资源)之间，使得电话应用的特定目标不受多用户电话网络的限制。优选实施方式的方法100’优选由上面描述的系统实施，但是可以可替换地由任何适当的系统来实施。
步骤S110，其包括多路传输多个用户的呼叫请求到电话资源，起到在多个用户之间共享电话资源的使用的作用。单一的电话资源优选在多个用户/应用之间共享。多路传输优选地以时分多路传输的形式发生，其中呼叫请求以交替的方式被发送到电话资源。时分多路传输优选地基于完整的呼叫会话或过程的结束。换句话说，用户轮流使用电话资源以创建呼叫会话和运行应用。例如，第一客户优选使呼叫请求被电话资源服务，并且当该呼叫请求的呼叫会话结束时，第二用户可以使呼叫请求由相同的电话资源服务。呼叫请求优选地从用户或更具体地从驻留在外部服务器上的电话应用接收，但是可以可替换地从任何适当的源发送呼叫请求。优选地在基于包的通信信道，换句话说非直接的通信信道上接收呼叫请求。在一个变形中，优选地以HTTP或HTTPS信息接收呼叫请求，但是可以可替换地通过任何适当的应用通信协议接收。步骤S110可以另外包括对用户的呼叫请求进行排队的步骤S112，其起到门控或对呼入的呼叫请求划分优先顺序。呼叫队列优选地用于出栈请求，而优选立即处理呼入的呼叫请求(否则呼叫会话将很可能失败)。可替换地，呼入的呼叫可以针对全部服务来排队，当呼叫在队列中等待以被完全服务时，“振铃”音频在回放。但是，队列可以被用于到来的电话信息，因为诸如SMS信息和MMS信息的电话信息如果在首次尝试时没有被接收将会重复发送。呼叫队列优选是来自多个用户的待决的呼叫请求的列表。另外的队列可以另外或可替换地被用于电话信息。优选地在队列内以平衡访问资源的方式排序呼叫请求。优选地对每个用户(例如，账户、应用、或电话号码)分配内部呼叫请求限制(节流量)和可以在规定的时间内进行的呼叫请求的最大数量的限制(最高限额)。优选地以规定的速率或由设备(即，队列弹出器)选择服务的呼叫请求，所述设备可以基于在电话资源集群上的当前负载选择呼叫。可以可替换地以任何适当的诸如上面描述的那些变形来运行队列。队列可以被分配到每个用户或电话号码。排队可以可替换地根据任何适当的排队方法发生，这些方法诸如随机法、以循环方式、公平排队、加权的公平排队、基于实际的资源使用、和/或任何适当的方法。负载平衡器优选将呼叫请求分布到具有最少容量的电话资源。如上面所描述的，负载平衡器和呼叫请求队列优选地协作来分配负载。
作为一个附加的步骤，方法100’优选地包括供应电话资源集群的资源的步骤S120，其起到扩缩电话资源集群的容量以充分地将呼叫请求多路传输到电话资源的作用。步骤S120可以包括另配电话资源集群的现存的电话资源，将附加资源分配到电话资源集群，和/或解除分配电话资源集群的资源，和/或将一种类型的资源实时地再分配到另一种类型的资源。电话资源集群优选地包括执行如上面描述的各种功能或操作的多个电话资源。例如，电话资源集群可以包括多个呼叫路由器、转录系统、媒体处理系统、以及文本到语音系统。电话资源优选地由计算机处理器和/或存储资源组成以用于第一目的。作为S120的一部分，电话资源集群的资源：处理器和/或存储设备的电话资源的资源优选地被另配新的第二目的。例如，当需要服务更多的呼叫时，文本到语音可以被另配以起到呼叫路由器的作用。此外，更多的资源可以被分配或解除分配，其可以包括增加新的资源到系统和/或激活资源、或从共享的资源环境的另一客户再分配资源。资源可以优选是由多租户共享的虚拟计算环境诸如云端托管供应商(即，提供可改变大小的计算容量，其允许用户启动机器图像以创建虚拟机器资源的互联网服务)提供的那些资源，但是可以可替换地是共置在一处的或分布式的物理机器。例如，许多资源可以在运行在掉电状态。当要求更多的容量时，可以开启/启动(即分配)资源以充当电话资源集群的新资源。类似地，当电话资源集群的容量多于当前要求的容量时，资源可以被掉电，回到资源池为其它公司所用(即，解除分配)，或进行任何适当的动作以结束资源的当前使用。
此外，步骤S120可以包括分析资源容量需求的步骤S122，其起到收集关于实时或即将发生的容量需求的数据。可以从呼叫请求队列、从关于容量需求的存储历史、电话资源集群的当前负载、来自应用分析的数据、或预测容量需求的任何适当的信息源收集数据。来自呼叫请求队列的数据可以提供诸如待决的呼叫请求数量、呼叫请求的类型或细节、或任何适当的与队列相关的信息。存储的容量历史优选地提供对容量模式的了解，诸如贯穿一天、一周、或一年的时间模式。电话资源集群的当前负载优选地提供诸如电话资源的当前资源数量、电话资源的可用资源数量、资源类型的划分、解除分配的资源数量、电话网络信道的数量等等信息。应用分析数据优选是来自预期的或预测的容量需求的用户的电话应用的数据。优选地对应用的运行实施分析，和/或从用户收集关于诸如呼叫数量、呼叫峰值时间、呼叫类型(例如，会议电话、SMS信息等等)等等应用的预期容量需求。分析信息优选被用于控制步骤S120的资源的供应、分配、和解除分配。此外，在分析容量需求后，优选地向系统的其它部件，诸如电话资源集群、电话资源、呼叫队列、出列器、资源分配器通知相关的分析信息。特定的分析信息可以被特别地发送到部件。例如，负载平衡器和出列器优选地被通知可用的资源并根据该容量信息调整运行。
步骤S130，其包括通过电话资源从呼叫请求创建第一呼叫会话，起到利用电话资源将呼叫请求转换为呼叫会话的作用。步骤S130优选另外包括专门针对特定应用的附加的处理和步骤。在一个优选的变形中，作为步骤S140的一部分，呼叫路由器优选地处理呼叫请求的电话指令以识别目标电话号码，以及然后建立到目标电话号码的连接。转录服务器可以启动记录或准备记录呼叫会话的谈话
步骤S140，其包括将该呼叫会话与多个另外的呼叫会话多路传输到电话信道，起到建立到电话设备的电话网络连接的作用。电话信道优选地是PSTN(公共交换电话网络)连接。这可以是连接到PSTN的物理线路或某些对接的基础设施。在某些情形中，信道的概念优选地用于电话网络或从电话网络借用的。在一个可替换方式中，SIP(会话发起协议)信息通路可以被用作到电话网络的基于因特网的网关。多路传输优选地以时分多路传输的形式发生，其中呼叫会话以交替的方式被连接到电话信道。时分多路传输优选地基于完整的呼叫会话的完成。例如，特定的网络信道可以首先用于第一用户的呼叫会话，并且当该呼叫完成时，可以利用该特定的网络信道为第二用户建立第二呼叫会话。作为步骤S140的一部分，电话信道可以另外包括供应电话信道的步骤S142。这起到调整系统的可用的电话网络容量的数量的作用。通过供应网关(例如，呼叫路由器或SIP信息通路)到电话网络，可以分配或解除分配信道或到信道的网关。电话网络信道的这种扩缩允许在接近当前的电话网络容量需求的情况下运行。如果不使用这种可扩缩性，那么将存在对可以同时使用的信道数量的设定限制。
3.运行动态电话网络的方法
如图6中所示，优选实施方式的提供电话网络的方法200包括运行具有静态数量的信道的电话网络的步骤S210，提供接入到多个用户的电话网络信道的步骤S220，以及管理信道的使用以允许用户接入超过正常运行的信道的数量的步骤S230。该方法起到允许电话网络的经营者向多个用户提供高容量，而不基于使用情况降低服务的品质或可靠性。该方法优选在实质上类似与上面描述的一个系统上实施，但是可以可替换地使用任何适当的系统。该方法可以另外地与本文描述的方法结合使用。方法200还起到允许用户使用电话网络而无须特别地关心运行所需的信道数量。电话网络用户优选地运行电话应用，诸如呼叫中心、内部分线交换机(PBX)、电话树(phone tree)、电话手机应用、VOIP服务、SMS或MMS服务、和/或任何适当的电话应用。电话网络的经营者优选地是电话服务供应商，诸如电话平台供应商(例如，因特网电话平台供应商)、电话公司(例如，诸如AT&T的电话网络拥有者)、和/或任何适当的一方。在本优选实施方式的变形中，方法200可以另外包括分布式呼叫控制器、呼叫队列、和/或评估容量需求的步骤。
步骤S210，其包括运行具有静态数量的信道的电话网络，起到给用户提供电话网络接入的基本的基础设施的作用。信道的静态数量优选是可以一次支持的同步电话会话或呼叫的总数量。信道的数量传统上受到特定的载波或网络可用的相互连接的数量的限制。但是，电话网络可以由多个载波或网络供应商或公共交换电话网络组成，而多个载波或网络优选地作为一个电话网络进行管理或处理。信道的静态数量优选是对于一段时间的设定数量(通常基于与电话公司的合同)，并且该数量优选地足够大以提供足够的容量。信道的静态数量优选是网络容量和与其它网络连接的电话网络的能力的指示。优选地通过为用户提供到电话网络的信道的接入来对电话网络的运行进行处理。电话网络可以在任何给定的时间具有未被使用的给定数量的信道。在一个变形中，电话网络可以可替换地以未使用模式运行未使用的信道。未使用模式可以是全部或部分硬件掉电模式、硬件睡眠模式、辅助使用(诸如用于可以优选地以最小负面影响进行中断的非关键性使用)、和/或任何适当的方式。未使用模式可以起到减少运行成本和/或最大化地利用未使用容量的作用。
作为优选实施方式的另外的可替换方式，该方法可以包括运行分布式呼叫控制器作为电话网络的子集的步骤S212。如果使用多个网络供应商或载波，分布式呼叫控制器可以可替换地是多个电话网络的子集。分布式呼叫控制器的运行优选地起到运行为电话网络的当前容量需求所分配数量的信道的作用。分布式呼叫控制器的容量在任何给定的时刻小于或等于静态信道容量。可以优选地通过分配更多的电话网络资源到呼叫控制器而增加分布式呼叫控制器的容量，以及可以优选地通过解除电话网络资源的分配而减少分布式呼叫控制器的容量。优选地通过虚拟硬件或软件(诸如呼叫路由器或SIP信息通路)给接入到电话网络提供便利。电话网络的更多资源的分配可以另外包括接入电话网络的设备的虚拟化。例如，可以增加网络接入信道的虚拟化以进一步增加电话网络的接入容量。作为另一例子，在高容量需求期间，可以增加商用硬件节点到电话网络以运行电话软件堆栈。
步骤S220，其包括为多个用户提供电话网络信道接入，起到允许多个不同方接入电话网络信道的作用。用户优选订阅电话网络经营者的服务。电话网络的用户优选地运行电话应用，诸如呼叫中心、内部分线交换机(PBX)、电话树、交互式语音应答(IVR)应用、因特网电话应用、VOIP服务、和/或任何适当的电话应用。用户优选地不基于任何特定的信道数量订阅服务。从用户的观点看，信道数量优选地是无限的或与用户的应用操作是不相关的问题。当在每个信道基础上运行电话网络时，优选地向用户呈现每次使用或时间情况(例如，定价和/或应用使用情况)。电话网络的经营者优选将与电话网络的运行(例如，从电话公司租赁的固定资产成本或运行成本)相关的成本转换成用户的可变成本。优选地基于每个信道运行、租赁到电话网络的接入、和/或按照与电话公司(诸如AT&T)订立的关于到电话网络的接入的合约。可以可替换地协商租赁协议或合同以最小化每个信道(容量)的成本，并优选地强调按照使用或按照时间计算的成本，或可替换地可以使用任何适当的租赁协议或合同。用户优选地按使用、一段时间的统一费率、按分钟、使用和时间费用的组合、和/或任何适当的定价模型支付费用。
步骤S230，其包括管理信道的使用以允许用户接入超过正常运行的信道的数量的步骤S130，起到向用户提供高容量能力而保证电话网络的品质和可靠性不受到其它用户的使用的负面影响。优选地允许多个用户中的单个用户使用大于信道的静态数量在多个用户之间平均分配的若干信道。单个用户在给定时间使用的最大数量的信道总数可以优选地大于信道的静态数量。单个用户可以接入最大数量的信道的给定时刻优选地是当其它用户对电话网络的需求较低的时候。电话网络和电话资源集群的使用优选是基于电话会话的完成的基于时间的多路传输(即，用户共享资源和网络的使用)。在一个简化的例子中，电话网络具有10个可用的信道并且有5个用户。当均匀地分配时，用户将各自具有2个可使用的信道，但是在一个优选的实施方式中，假定没有其它用户正在使用这些信道，所有5个用户可以各自接入高达10个信道。在电话网络的正常使用期间，用户仍然有能力接入最大数量的电话网络信道，但是优选地通过由呼叫队列实施的用户限制来门控呼叫请求。在上述例子上扩展的另一例子中，分析可以指出在给定时刻4个用户可以使用2个信道，那么第5个用户可以使用8个信道，同时为前4个用户保持可用的容量。管理信道的使用优选地包括管理资源的使用，诸如通过：管理呼叫队列、执行用户限制、预测和/或分析使用和容量需求、基于分布式呼叫控制器的容量来调整容量、和/或任何适当的管理电话网络资源的步骤。可以另外通过预测和分析控制或改变分布式呼叫控制器的容量，以及可以另外改变用户限制。
优选实施方式的方法可以另外包括管理来自多个用户的请求的呼叫队列的步骤S232。步骤S232起到排列对来自用户的呼叫请求的处理的优先顺序的作用。呼叫对列优选地是程序或硬件管理的堆栈，其作为电话网络的控制架构的一部分运行。控制架构优选地管理电话网络和多个用户的使用。呼叫队列优选是等待电话网络服务的呼叫请求的列表，包括电话语音会话请求和/或SMS/MMS信息请求。优选地以适合于网络的当前容量和每个用户的速率来服务请求。可以可替换地根据分布式呼叫中心的容量或在队列中的请求的数量调整服务速率。当超出容量时，优选地将用户请求放到呼叫队列中，或可替换地对于每个请求或基于任何适当的规则将用户请求放到呼叫队列中。用户优选地具有相关的用户限制，尤其是：呼叫率限制(节流量)和总限制(最高限额)。节流量和最高限额优选地被用于确定在呼叫队列中的请求的位置。优选地根据节流量将来自用户的请求以一定的时间间隔排列在呼叫队列中。优选地在队列中以如图6中所示的交错或交替方式排序不同用户的请求，但是可替换地，用户可以基于服务计划、先到先服务策略和/或任何适当的策略具有优选权。最高限额优选是对用户在给定的时间内可以发出的请求的总数量的限制。优选地根据该最高限额将后续的请求安排在稍后时间，但是超过该最高限额的请求可以采用任何适当的方式进行处理。例如，如果用户每秒钟打一个电话，并且用户请求了100个电话，它们将被平均地安排在接下来的100秒上。注意这个最高限额可以被描述成呼叫/时间帧(1/秒)数量，或在队列中的呼叫之间所需的等待时间(1秒)。用户限制、处理、按一定间隔排列、和/或呼叫队列的排序起到防止一个用户在任何时间不公平地占据电话网络的使用。在SMS/MMS信息请求的变形中，考虑单个用户的速率以防止被网络进行信息滤波。对于SMS/MMS变形，可以另外在控制队列和电话号码队列中排队请求。优选地存储SMS/MMS信息的内容，而对信息内容的编号进行排队，其起到减少队列上的负载的作用。优选地使用多个高速缓存服务端口或指针。服务端口优选是用于运行来自呼叫队列的呼叫请求的软件和/或硬件控制机制。服务端口优选地从呼叫队列取出请求，并将相应的用户应用或用户连接到电话网络信道。服务端口可以是直接连接，但是可以可替换地是诸如上面所描述的在集群中的呼叫路由器的硬件或软件资源。服务端口优选地少于信道的静态数量以允许用于呼入呼叫的容量，但是服务端口可以可替换地等于信道的静态数量。在一个有1000个电话网络信道的例子中，可以有500个服务端口。这将保留500个信道可为呼入呼叫所用。此外，用户可以请求尽快地或在未来某个时间(例如，用户安排一个呼叫或在稍后的时间进行呼叫)访问电话资源。队列弹出器优选是负责从呼叫队列中选择呼叫进行服务的软件或硬件机制。另外可以有从队列中选择呼叫的多个队列弹出器。另外或可替换地，可以根据用户的需求调整或设置用户限制。用户可以基于用户应用的类型或特性具有特殊的要求。优选地根据用户选择的合同和/或定价模型或任何适当的方式设置用户限制。
优选实施方式的方法可以另外包括预测分布式呼叫控制器的容量需求的步骤S234。步骤S234起到与在一个稍后时刻所需的电话网络信道的数量相关的评估指示器的作用。优选地通过程序或数学方法分析(通过模式检测或任何适当的算法)当前和过去信息以完成容量的预测，但是可以可替换地使用任何适当的方法。优选地找出涉及一天的时间、一周中的每天、年模式、使用模式(诸如假如一个用户需求的容量的增加指示其它用户需求的容量的增加)、呼叫地点、呼叫的呼叫时间、和/或任何适当的指示器的容量需求模式。步骤S234的预测可以另外被用于实时供应、解除供应、和/或另配分布式呼叫控制器的容量或计划电话网络的静态容量的容量需求。
优选实施方式的方法可以另外包括对呼叫队列的容量需求作出反应的步骤S236。步骤S236起到利用呼叫队列和其它当前容量指示器来调整当前容量需求或预期的近期需求的分布式呼叫控制器的作用。优选地通过软件或可替换地通过对呼叫队列的任何适当的监控来评估呼叫队列。队列中的当前呼叫数量、当前使用电话网络的用户总数量、呼入呼叫(可能没有排队)、用户请求的频率、和/或电话网络或呼叫队列的任何适当的特性优选地引起对容量需求的反应。反应优选地针对当前的全部容量需求，但是可以可替换地针对单个用户或任何适当的一方的当前容量需求。反应可以包括调整呼叫队列的设置(诸如呼叫队列服务速率或排序)、改变用户限制、调整分布式电话控制器的容量、和/或任何适当的动作。在一个例子中，呼叫队列可以具有安排在当前时间之后的100秒的许多呼叫，分布式呼叫控制器可以增加容量以适应预测的容量需求。
优选实施方式的方法可以另外包括分析用户的容量需求和预测电话网络的容量需求的步骤S238。步骤S238起到检测单个容量需求以确定电话网络的总容量需求的作用。优选地通过分析用户的电话应用来获得用户的容量需求。分析的一部分优选地包括检测指示单个应用的容量需求的周期性事件。这种事件的例子可以是与每周的电视节目相关的应用，其中呼叫方在节目的开播时间前后进行呼叫。分析可以可替换地或另外包括检测单个应用的典型的呼叫持续时间。某些应用可以仅使用简短的时间(诸如当短信息播放时)，而其它应用可能要求较长的使用持续时间(诸如当用户必须导航较长的电话树时)。此外，应用历史可被用于确定使用模式，诸如通过监视最大、最小、和/或平均容量需求，请求的频率，请求的持续时间，在特定时间期间发送的SMS信息的数量、和/或任何适当的呼叫特性。优选将用户的单个应用的使用特性与其它用户的使用特性相结合以确定电话网络的总的使用特性和容量需求。优选地，优选分析应用代码以评估应用的功能性和使用模式。优选地编程分析应用代码或操作，但是可以使用任何适当的方法。可替换地，用户和/或第二方可以表征用户的应用和/或电话服务为特征。优选地由用户在签约时执行这个特征描述，并且优选地包括对使用频率、使用次数、呼叫持续时间、和/或应用的任何适当的特性的用户预期。当用于其应用的容量将是最高时，用户可以另外排列优先顺序。任何适当的步骤可以被用于分析单个的应用。
作为优选实施方式的另外的可替换方式，该方法可以包括调整分布式呼叫控制器的容量的步骤S240。步骤S240起到改变电话网络的活动信道的数量以适当地处理容量需求。步骤S240优选地与步骤S212结合使用，其包括控制分布式呼叫控制器。对分布式呼叫控制器的调节调整了经营者提供的容量能力。优选地基于电话网络的信道的使用管理来调整容量。更优选地基于步骤S234和/或S236的预测和分析来调整容量，但是可以可替换地与步骤S232、步骤S238合作来调整容量、和/或因为任何适当的理由而调整容量。当需要更多容量时，诸如CPU、RAM、DISK等等能够处理同步信道或提供更多信道的更多资源，被优选地分配到分布式电话控制器，而相反地当需求较少容量时，优选地从分布式电话控制器解除分配资源。优选地进行容量的调整以处理预期的或预测的容量。可以可替换地或另外调整电话网络的静态容量。由于电话网络容量一般是不太灵活的。优选地为长期容量需求(例如在每个月的基础上)对电话网络容量进行调整。可以可替换地使用对系统进行较多或较少容量的任何适当的调整。
4.在电话硬件之间分配呼叫的方法
如图7-8中所示，优选实施方式的在电话硬件之间分配呼叫的方法300包括排队呼叫请求的步骤S310、选择负载平衡呼叫路由器的步骤S320、以及将呼叫与选定的呼叫路由器相连接的步骤S330。该方法起到平衡在电话应用中所用的资源的使用的作用。优选地在实质上类似于上面描述的一个系统上实施该方法，但是可以可替换地使用任何适当的系统。
步骤S310，其包括排队呼叫请求，起到管理呼叫请求直到可以获得必要的资源以服务该呼叫。呼叫请求优选地以电话应用、呼叫路由器、电话设备、和/或任何适当的呼叫请求源为实例。呼叫请求可以另外是SMS或MMS信息请求。呼叫请求优选地是呼出的。呼入呼叫优选地被视为比呼出请求更紧急的呼叫请求，并且呼入呼叫可以不排队，而是可替换地可以被直接传递到可用的资源。可替换地，可以排队呼入呼叫请求(呼叫会话发起)，但是由于呼入呼叫具有更迫切性，优选地给予其优先次序或系统必须具有较短的排队等待时间，其中较短的等待时间小于呼入呼叫失败耗用的时间。可以可替换地将呼入呼叫置于靠近队列的前面，或根据适合于呼叫请求的较高优先权的独特的规则将其置于在队列中。类似地，可以利用高优选权排队同步去话呼叫请求。同步呼叫是另一呼叫者正依赖以继续进行的呼叫，与由用户将意识不到延迟的应用发起的新的呼叫相对。可以优选地根据基于节流量、最高限额、实时紧迫性(优先权)和/或任何适当因素的规则在队列中对呼叫请求进行排序。
步骤S320，其包括选择负载平衡呼叫路由器，起到识别能够处理呼叫以优选地优化电话资源集群的运行的呼叫路由器的作用。选定的呼叫路由器通常是带有最小负载的呼叫路由器，但是可以可替换地选择以优化成本、能量使用、处理能力、和/或任何适当的变量。步骤S320可以另外被应用到除了或可替换地除了呼叫路由器之外的其它硬件或软件资源。电话资源集群的呼叫路由器可以具有取决于硬件和/或软件规格的可变的容量和性能。优选地在选择呼叫路由器时考虑多个呼叫路由器之间的差异。类似于上面描述的负载平衡器优选是实施步骤S320的部件，尽管步骤S320可以由任何适当的设备来实现。负载平衡器优选地能够分配和解除分配集群的资源，因此可以分配和/或解除分配资源作为S320的子步骤。资源分配器优选地可以分配和解除分配呼叫路由器、硬件资源、和/或软件资源。优选地基于当前或预测的使用来分配或解除分配资源，但是可以可替换地分配或解除分配资源作为其它资源的功能。例如，可以将一个媒体处理资源分配(例如，运行)给每五个呼叫路由器。负载平衡呼叫路由器的选择优选地利用来自分析系统的数据。因此，选择负载平衡呼叫路由器的步骤可以包括选择将在未来时间平衡负载的呼叫路由器。
步骤S330，其包括将呼叫与选定的呼叫路由器相连，起到将呼叫的控制传递到特定资源的作用。对于去话呼叫，呼叫路由器优选地通过电话网络连接到指定的电话号码。对于呼入呼叫，呼叫路由器优选地连接到特定的电话应用；PSTN连接的设备，诸如陆上通信线、蜂窝电话、卫星电话、或任何其它适当的PSTN连接的设备；非PSTN设备，诸如网络(VOIP)电话、SIP设备、Skype、Gtalk、或其它因特网可寻址的语音设备；和/或与呼入呼叫的号码相关联的任何适当的设备。
优选实施方式的方法，可以另外包括联网具有共享应用的呼叫路由器的步骤S340。步骤S340起到允许在多个呼叫路由器之间进行通信的作用。这优选地在应用的功能分布到多个资源(例如，多个呼叫路由器)的情况下是有用的。网络优选地允许在呼叫路由器之间共享资源。可以另外在呼叫路由器之间混合和共享呼叫路由器的音频信道。优选地在桥接不同呼叫路由器的音频的网络上形成VOIP信道。例如，会议电话可以利用网络以桥接来自不同呼叫路由器的多个呼叫会话音频。
优选实施方式的方法可以另外包括将应用与服务应用进行同步的步骤S350。服务应用起到监视在呼叫路由器集群上分布的应用和协调应用的运行的作用。服务应用可以另外被用于在呼叫路由器之间共享状态信息。服务应用优选地提供诸如上面描述的挂机服务或多输入服务等特定功能。可以通过服务应用诸如输入汇集、多拨号、呼叫分开、呼叫合并、和任何适当的特性来实施任何适当的应用。可以使用任何数量的服务应用。
作为本技术领域的技术人员，从前面的详细描述和从附图和权利要求可以理解，可以对本发明的优选实施方式进行变形和改变而不偏离在下列权利要求中限定的本发明的范围。

Claims (14)

1.一种运行多租户电话系统的系统，包括：
呼叫队列，其存储从多个用户接收到的呼叫请求；
可扩缩的电话资源集群，其建立呼叫请求的呼叫会话；
分析系统，其计算所述系统的容量需求；
资源分配器，其管理所述电话资源集群的扩缩和运行；以及
多个电话网络信道，其被用作呼叫会话的电话通信信道。
2.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中根据用户请求间的速率限制和在特定时间内用户进行请求的最大数量上的用户最高限额，将所述呼叫请求在所述呼叫队列中进行排序。
3.如权利要求2所述的系统，其中所述分析系统接收呼叫队列数据以计算容量需求，以及其中所述资源分配器另外管理多个呼叫队列的分配和运行。
4.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中呼叫请求接收自电话应用，以及其中所述分析系统分析电话应用的容量需求，访问过去的容量需求数据，以及监视当前的容量负载以计算所述系统的容量需求。
5.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述呼叫队列包括用于电话信息请求的附加队列。
6.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述电话资源集群包括多个分配的电话网络信道，所述多个分配的电话网络信道是所述多个电话网络信道的子集；以及所述资源分配器包括分布式呼叫控制器，所述分布式呼叫控制器对所述分配的电话网络信道的数量进行缩放，并使呼叫请求连接到所述分配的电话网络信道中的信道。
7.如权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述电话资源集群包括多个电话资源。
8.如权利要求7所述的系统，其中所述多个电话资源包括多个呼叫路由器，其中呼叫路由器通过所述电话网络信道发起或接收电话通信以及使用应用层协议与用户的应用服务器进行通信。
9.如权利要求8所述的系统，还包括为在至少两个呼叫路由器之间的数据信道的呼叫路由器网络。
10.如权利要求8所述的系统，还包括服务应用，其协调包括在至少两个呼叫路由器上的至少两个呼叫会话的电话应用的运行。
11.如权利要求8所述的系统，其中所述电话资源集群包括多个分配的电话网络信道，所述多个分配的电话网络信道是所述多个电话网络信道的子集；以及所述资源分配器包括分布式呼叫控制器，所述分布式呼叫控制器对所述分配的电话网络信道的数量进行缩放，并使呼叫请求连接到所述分配的电话网络信道中的信道。
12.一种运行电话网络的方法，包括：
多路传输多个用户的呼叫请求到电话资源；
通过电话资源从所述呼叫请求创建第一呼叫会话；以及
将所述呼叫会话与多个另外的呼叫会话多路传输到电话信道。
13.一种提供电话网络的方法，包括：
运行具有静态数量的信道的电话网络；
向多个用户提供电话网络接入；以及
管理信道的使用以允许用户接入超出正常运行的数量的信道。
14.一种在电话硬件之间分布呼叫的方法，包括：
排队呼叫请求；
选择负载平衡呼叫路由器；以及
使呼叫与所选定的呼叫路由器相连接。
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