CN102227904A - 电话网络事件的系统和方法 - Google Patents

电话网络事件的系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN102227904A
CN102227904A CN2009801480183A CN200980148018A CN102227904A CN 102227904 A CN102227904 A CN 102227904A CN 2009801480183 A CN2009801480183 A CN 2009801480183A CN 200980148018 A CN200980148018 A CN 200980148018A CN 102227904 A CN102227904 A CN 102227904A
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incident
router
event
subscription
client
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杰弗里·劳森
约翰·沃尔斯
埃文·库克
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Twilio Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M7/00—Arrangements for interconnection between switching centres
    • H04M7/0012—Details of application programming interfaces [API] for telephone networks; Arrangements which combine a telephonic communication equipment and a computer, i.e. computer telephony integration [CPI] arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/66—Arrangements for connecting between networks having differing types of switching systems, e.g. gateways
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L51/00—User-to-user messaging in packet-switching networks, transmitted according to store-and-forward or real-time protocols, e.g. e-mail
    • H04L51/52—User-to-user messaging in packet-switching networks, transmitted according to store-and-forward or real-time protocols, e.g. e-mail for supporting social networking services
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L67/00—Network arrangements or protocols for supporting network services or applications
    • H04L67/01—Protocols
    • H04L67/02—Protocols based on web technology, e.g. hypertext transfer protocol [HTTP]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M15/00—Arrangements for metering, time-control or time indication ; Metering, charging or billing arrangements for voice wireline or wireless communications, e.g. VoIP
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M15/00—Arrangements for metering, time-control or time indication ; Metering, charging or billing arrangements for voice wireline or wireless communications, e.g. VoIP
    • H04M15/44—Augmented, consolidated or itemized billing statement or bill presentation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M15/00—Arrangements for metering, time-control or time indication ; Metering, charging or billing arrangements for voice wireline or wireless communications, e.g. VoIP
    • H04M15/90—Arrangements for metering, time-control or time indication ; Metering, charging or billing arrangements for voice wireline or wireless communications, e.g. VoIP using Intelligent Networks [IN] or Advanced Intelligent Networks [AIN]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M3/00—Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges
    • H04M3/22—Arrangements for supervision, monitoring or testing
    • H04M3/2209—Arrangements for supervision, monitoring or testing for lines also used for data transmission
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M3/00—Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges
    • H04M3/22—Arrangements for supervision, monitoring or testing
    • H04M3/2218—Call detail recording
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M7/00—Arrangements for interconnection between switching centres
    • H04M7/006—Networks other than PSTN/ISDN providing telephone service, e.g. Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), including next generation networks with a packet-switched transport layer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M2215/00—Metering arrangements; Time controlling arrangements; Time indicating arrangements
    • H04M2215/01—Details of billing arrangements
    • H04M2215/0104—Augmented, consolidated or itemised billing statement, e.g. additional billing information, bill presentation, layout, format, e-mail, fax, printout, itemised bill per service or per account, cumulative billing, consolidated billing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M2215/00—Metering arrangements; Time controlling arrangements; Time indicating arrangements
    • H04M2215/01—Details of billing arrangements
    • H04M2215/016—Billing using Intelligent Networks [IN] or Advanced Intelligent Networks [AIN]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M2215/00—Metering arrangements; Time controlling arrangements; Time indicating arrangements
    • H04M2215/01—Details of billing arrangements
    • H04M2215/018—On-line real-time billing, able to see billing information while in communication, e.g. via the internet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M3/00—Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges
    • H04M3/42—Systems providing special services or facilities to subscribers
    • H04M3/42229—Personal communication services, i.e. services related to one subscriber independent of his terminal and/or location
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M7/00—Arrangements for interconnection between switching centres
    • H04M7/12—Arrangements for interconnection between switching centres for working between exchanges having different types of switching equipment, e.g. power-driven and step by step or decimal and non-decimal
    • H04M7/1205—Arrangements for interconnection between switching centres for working between exchanges having different types of switching equipment, e.g. power-driven and step by step or decimal and non-decimal where the types of switching equipement comprises PSTN/ISDN equipment and switching equipment of networks other than PSTN/ISDN, e.g. Internet Protocol networks
    • H04M7/1225—Details of core network interconnection arrangements
    • H04M7/123—Details of core network interconnection arrangements where the packet-switched network is an Internet Protocol Multimedia System-type network
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M7/00—Arrangements for interconnection between switching centres
    • H04M7/12—Arrangements for interconnection between switching centres for working between exchanges having different types of switching equipment, e.g. power-driven and step by step or decimal and non-decimal
    • H04M7/1205—Arrangements for interconnection between switching centres for working between exchanges having different types of switching equipment, e.g. power-driven and step by step or decimal and non-decimal where the types of switching equipement comprises PSTN/ISDN equipment and switching equipment of networks other than PSTN/ISDN, e.g. Internet Protocol networks
    • H04M7/128—Details of addressing, directories or routing tables

Abstract

一种用于发布电话应用的事件到客户端的系统的实施方式，该实施方式包括生成来自电话应用的事件的呼叫路由器及管理由呼叫路由器生成的事件的发布和管理客户端对事件的订阅的事件路由器。该系统可用于与电话设备和应用服务器交互的电话应用。

Description

电话网络事件的系统和方法
相关申请的交叉引用
此申请同样要求以下的权益：2008年10月1日提交的题为“Telephony Web Event System and Method”的美国临时申请号61/102007的权益，其在此以引用方式全部并入。
技术领域
本发明大致涉及事件通知领域，更具体地涉及电话网络事件领域的一种新的和有用的系统和方法。
背景技术
近年来，具有网络功能的电话和“如软件的网站”都有增长的趋势。这两个市场基于信息传输、即时通信，以及远程设备之间的交互而发展。然而，当前的系统不提供电话活动与远程托管应用程序、服务器端组件，或前端网站的无缝集成。例如，目前在电话呼叫期间安全且实时地转播发生在电话呼叫期间的事件到或自网站非常困难(如果并非不可能)。另外，业务逻辑与电话组件的分离使从呼叫基础设施到其他远程服务的实时事件的传送变得复杂。因此，这需要在电话领域创建新的和有用的电话网络系统和方法。该发明提供这样一种新的和有用的系统和方法。
附图说明
图1为本发明的优选实施方式的示意图。
图2为本发明的优选实施方式的详细示意图。
图3为电话应用的事件订阅的优选方法的流程图。
图4为分发事件的优选方法的流程图。
图5为订阅事件的优选方法的流程图。
图6为订阅和发布事件的优选方法的流程图。
图7为全双工发布和订阅事件的优选方法的流程图。
图8A-8C分别为HTTP GET请求、HTTP POST请求、以及HTTP GET请求的示例。
图8D-8F为HTTP请求的示例。
图9A和9B为XML响应的示例。
图10为集合订阅的示例。
具体实施方式
本发明的优选实施方式的以下描述并非意在将本发明限制到这些优选实施方式，相反地使本领域技术人员能够实施和使用本发明。
1.电话网络事件系统
如在图1和图2中所示的，该优选实施方式的电话网络事件系统100包括呼叫路由器110和事件路由器120。系统运行以启动实时的电话事件交互。在优选的系统中，电话事件(例如，拨号序列、语音指令，以及电话呼叫终止)通过发布者(准备和电子公告事件发生的设备，优选为呼叫路由器)发出并通过订阅者接收。订阅者优选为任意客户端130，例如网络浏览器132或允许接收关于特定事件的信息的应用程序接口(API)服务器134。系统100优选在多租户(multitennant)系统上实施，在多租户系统，多个应用和用户在同一软件或硬件系统上操作。特别地，呼叫路由器能优选同时管理多个电话应用，事件路由器能够发布多个事件并为多个客户端管理多个订阅。系统的组件优选关于账户、正在进行的呼叫、这些呼叫的事件等的数量，以及客户端的订阅的数量可扩展。呼叫路由器110、事件路由器120，或任何子元件(例如事件代理服务器122或消息中介128)可被分配或释放以自动调节能力需求。可另外包括负载均衡器121以优化系统组件的操作。
该优选实施方式的呼叫路由器110运行以启动发生在电话应用期间的事件的发布。电话应用优选为控制基于电话的设备112和基于互联网的网络应用服务器114之间的交互的程序。呼叫路由器110优选控制呼叫和程序逻辑，所述呼叫和程序逻辑使电话设备112和应用服务器114交互，如在以下更详细地讨论的。呼叫路由器110优选从电话应用114中检测发生的事件并发布这些事件到事件路由器120。呼叫路由器可另外包括事件分发器116，其确定向哪个事件路由器传送事件。在一种变型中，事件路由器120包括多个管理事件的发布的消息中介128。可根据事件类型或任何适合的布置对消息中介128进行分片或布置。事件分发器116优选具有控制逻辑以知道正确的消息中介128以发送事件。控制逻辑优选随着事件路由器的硬件或软件资源的多少进行更新或同步。作为实例，事件可具有变化的属性，例如，账户ID、呼叫ID，或事件类型。消息中介128可基于这些属性中的任意一个或属性的任意组合进行分片。例如，如果有3个事件路由器(分片)，那么呼叫路由器能够转换呼叫ID为整数，并且将该数字以3为模以确定联络哪个事件路由器。事件代理服务器122可另外共享该控制逻辑使得事件代理服务器122知道订阅哪个消息中介128。事件代理服务器122优选使用类似的技术以基于订阅的属性确定联络哪个事件路由器120。另外地，事件可被分发(发布)到多个消息中介128，例如事件具有被多个消息中介128管理的属性的情况。例如，事件可通过为特定账户管理事件发布的一个消息中介128来发布，并且事件可另外通过管理特定的事件类型的事件发布的第二消息中介128来发布。另外地，多个事件分发器116可被分配或释放。虽然可使用任何适合的通信系统，但呼叫路由器和事件路由器优选使用HTTP或可替代地使用HTTPS进行通信。发布的事件优选包括事件所属的账户、事件的类型，以及可选地一组涉及事件的事件数据。
优选实施方式的呼叫路由器110另外运行以启动或从电话设备112接收呼叫并连接到网络应用服务器114。呼叫路由器110基本上类似于在2009年4月2日提交的题为“System and Method for Processing Telephony Sessions”的申请号12/417630(在此以引用方式全部并入)中公开的呼叫路由器。呼叫路由器110优选通过PSTN网络连接到PSTN设备，以使其能够从PSTN连接的设备112例如地上通信线、移动电话、卫星电话，或任何其它适合的PSTN连接的设备，及非PSTN设备，例如网络电话(VOIP)、SIP设备、Skype、Gtalk，或其它互联网可寻址的语音设备接收或拨打呼叫。呼叫路由器110可替代地或另外地作为消息路由器运行或包括消息路由器以用于基于消息的网络，例如SMS、电子邮件、传真、即时通讯，或微型博客网络。呼叫路由器110能够优选连接到SMS网络，以使其能够从SMS网络设备112、移动电话、电脑、智能电话，或任何适合SMS网络的设备接收和发送消息。呼叫路由器110也可发送或接收文本消息、多媒体消息、电子邮件、传真和其他适合的PSTN兼容的通信消息。呼叫路由器110能优选连接到即时通讯网络，以使呼叫路由器110能从不同的即时通讯网络例如基于如Jabber、AIM的协议或传真的即时通讯网络接收和发送消息及接收和传送现有信息。呼叫路由器110能够优选连接到微型博客网络，例如Twitter，以使其能够经由通过那些网络暴露的API接收和发送消息到微型博客网络和从微型博客网络接收和发送消息。呼叫路由器110可替代地从具有暴露的API的任何适合的系统发送和接收消息。呼叫路由器110优选使用应用层协议，更优选使用HTTP，或安全的HTTPS协议与应用服务器114通信。应用服务器114与呼叫路由器110之间的通信优选为无状态，且任何状态信息(例如，呼叫状态)或数据优选位于URI或请求参数，例如HTTP标题、GET URI参数、POST请求体参数，或HTTP信息记录资料。可用的状态信息优选通过呼叫路由器请求传送到应用服务器以用于无状态处理，并且应用服务器优选不存储状态。替代地，应用服务器优选存储局部状态信息，例如数据库或会话，这在网络开发中较为普遍。呼叫路由器110优选在呼叫路由器资源29中存储状态信息。呼叫路由器资源优选可由应用服务器114和其它设备经过呼叫路由器API进行访问。呼叫路由器110优选将每个来电号码联系到起始源地址(或更具体地为URI)，更优选地URI由应用服务器114提供，仍然更优选地URI由应用开发者在呼叫被呼叫路由器110接收之前，通过将初始URI和来电地址(例如，DID、SIP地址，等。)联系或通过启动呼出电话的应用来提供。呼叫路由器110优选发送呼叫数据，例如，呼叫者号码(经呼叫者ID获得)、呼叫者地理数据(国家、城市，和/或州、邮编)，拨打的号码、呼叫时间，或任何其它适合的信息或参数。呼叫数据优选以存储在呼叫路由器110上的密钥来进行数字签名。优选地包括信息的密码哈希值和信息一起作为数字签名。呼叫路由器110也可使用密钥来加密敏感信息(在计算加密哈希值之前或之后)以允许敏感信息通过网络发送。呼叫数据优选作为HTTP POST请求被发送到应用服务器114。呼叫数据也可以URL(GET)变量或封装到HTTP标题中进行发送。示例的HTTP请求在标题中包含如在图8A和8D中所示的信息。如在图8B中所示的，更多的来自PSTN设备的输入(例如，语音录制或DTMF按钮按压)可随后提交到应用服务器114作为HTTP请求(GET或POST)。如图8C中所示，来自电话键盘的输入可包括在HTTP GET请求中。如图8E中所示，通过呼叫路由器接收的SMS消息的内容可发送到应用服务器114作为HTTP请求。如图8F中所示，来自文本消息的输入包括在HTTP GET请求中。请求数据可替代地同时发送在URI(查询字符串)、消息主体(POST)和消息标题，或任何以上的结合。
任何适合的活动或参数，由电话设备112或由应用服务器114启动，可构成由呼叫路由器110生成的事件。呼叫路由器110优选地通过任何适合的程序逻辑自动检测这类事件。事件可涉及与呼叫相关的事件，例如开始和结束呼叫、开始或结束拨打号码，或任何基于呼叫的事件。事件可另外地或替代地涉及电话活动，例如，开始或停止录制音频、开始或停止文本到语音(TTS)的转换、开始或停止音频文件的播放、开始或停止电话输入的收集、使呼叫重定向到另一个电话号码，或任何基于电话的指令。事件可另外为例如，电话会议的特定的应用进行调整。电话会议事件可包括参与者加入呼叫、参与者离开呼叫、收集电话输入、参与者沉默、参与者，或任何适合的基于会议的事件。此外，可生成事件用于发生在由呼叫路由器110使用的基于消息的协议上的活动。例如，消息发送事件可包括消息发送、消息接收，用于SMS、电子邮件、传真、即时通讯，或微型博客消息的消息错误。
优选实施方式的事件路由器120运行以和事件的订阅者连接发布的事件。优选地，发布的事件通过开放的HTTP连接(单个持续的HTTP连接)压栈到订阅者。开放的HTTP连接运行以使用系统简化网络应用的软件。替代地，连接可使用HTTPS、间歇性的HTTP/HTTPS连接、AMF通道、TCP连接、UDP连接、聊天协议例如jabber，或任何适合的消息框架将数据压栈。事件路由器优选为服务器，其可被分区和改变其大小以用于更大的容量。事件路由器120可替代地为单片机系统或任何适合的软件或硬件设备，以用于在任何数量的事件发布者和授权的订阅者之间路由事件。在一个优选的实施方式中，事件路由器包括事件代理服务器122和/或消息中介128。事件代理服务器122优选管理来自客户端(例如，订阅者)的订阅和/或执行更多计算密集型处理，如过滤事件和安全。消息中介128优选地管理发布，以及更优选地管理来自呼叫路由器的事件发布的子集。事件代理服务器122优选为事件代理服务器122群的一部分，其能够被动态地扩展以满足容量需求。消息中介128优选为消息中介128的群的一部分，其能够类似地被动态地扩展以满足容量需求。负载均衡器可另外地包括在事件路由器120内以管理各种组件(例如，事件代理服务器122和消息中介128)的容量负载。多个负载均衡器可为每个组件类型单独执行，或单个负载均衡器可管理事件路由器120。
事件路由器120的消息中介128运行以管理事件的发布。消息中介116(或核心消息分配器)优选处理待发布的事件的路由选择。消息中介优选为本技术领域所知的任何消息中介，例如，RabbitMQ或其它基于高级消息队列协议(AMQP)的中介。优选地，多个消息中介128被用于管理事件。更优选消息中介128根据专用的事件类型(或事件类型的组)进行分片(也就是，分割)。优选基于事件类型将事件分发给适合的消息中介128。可替换地根据任何适合的规则进行消息中介的分片。消息中介128(也就是，分片)可另外地承载在不同的硬件或软件平台，并且当从消息中介128的群中分配或释放了另外的消息中介128时，可调整事件类型责任。消息中介128可替代地为用于所有的发布事件的单个设备，或承载在单个系统上。消息中介128优选发送事件到订阅特定事件的事件代理服务器122。消息中介128可另外地为任何数量的订阅发送事件，该订阅由任何适当数量的事件代理服务器122管理。
事件路由器120的事件代理服务器122运行以管理客户端的订阅。客户端优选连接到事件代理服务器122以建立事件的订阅和通过事件路由器120接收发布的事件的通知。通过消息中介128发布的事件优选地分配到被订阅的事件代理服务器122，并且事件代理服务器122优选发送事件到客户端。事件代理服务器122优选为可自动扩展的多个事件代理服务器122中的一部分。另外地，事件代理服务器优选管理多个订阅，并可订阅多个消息中介128。另外地，多个(或一系列)事件代理服务器122可连接到单个消息中介128或为事件路由器120发布事件的任何适合的设备。多个事件代理服务器122运行以增加事件路由器120能够管理的订阅量。多个事件代理服务器122可替代地用于分割的消息中介128、多个消息中介128，或任何适合的配置。作为另一个变型，事件代理服务器可具有到消息中介128的多个订阅(例如，用于不同的客户端)。该多个订阅可具有冗余。事件代理服务器122可集合订阅以提高系统效率，如在图10中所示。事件分发器116、消息中介128，以及事件代理服务器122合作以提高事件路由器的订阅能力。事件代理服务器122另外运行以执行诸如运行事件过滤器或安全性策略引擎的资源密集型处理。事件代理服务器122优选为用于处理事件过滤、操作安全性策略引擎，和/或任何适合的CPU密集型任务的专用的服务器。
优选实施方式的事件路由器120可另外包括事件过滤器124，其运行以选择地传递事件到客户端。事件过滤器124优选在事件代理服务器122上操作。事件过滤器124基于账户安全性、事件类型、内容，和/或事件的任何适合的参数选择地过滤发布到特定的订阅者的事件数目。当订阅者发布订阅请求时，请求优选包括一组凭证，更优选地包括一组事件过滤器。事件路由器120，更优选为事件代理服务器122，首先通过凭证检验账户所有者身份以确定订阅者是否被授权查看给定账户的事件。一旦订阅者的身份被确定，事件路由器仅传递与授权的账户相关的事件。优选地，该账户级别的安全优选限制事件仅对有关的账户可见，并且事件过滤器优选在账户级别的安全之后应用。事件代理服务器122优选应用事件过滤器124以确定事件路由器是否应该发布事件到给定的订阅者。事件过滤器124优选为类型过滤器或参数过滤器。类型过滤器优选通过事件的类型例如，‘呼叫开始’、‘呼叫结束’、‘呼叫错误’、‘呼叫警告’、‘录音开始’、‘录音结束’、‘收集开始’、‘收集结束’、‘拨号开始’、‘拨号结束’和/或任何适合的事件类型来过滤事件细节。参数过滤器优选基于事件的特征过滤事件，例如，通过呼叫者ID、呼叫内容、呼叫时间、呼叫持续时间、呼叫区域码，和/或任何适合的呼叫特征。参数过滤器可另外基于事件(例如，呼叫者按了哪些数字、通过呼叫路由器发布的警告消息，或录音长度)进行过滤。事件过滤器124可以多种方式使用。如一个示例，过滤器可被配置为订阅特定的呼叫。如另一个示例，过滤器可被配置为订阅到和/或来自给定电话号码的所有呼叫。还如另一个示例，过滤器可被配置以订阅一个账户的特定的电话应用活动，例如，“呼叫开始”(可能涉及多个电话号码的多个同时的呼叫)。事件过滤器124可另外运行以提供安全级别。事件过滤器124优选防止检查、观察、接收，和/或收集和事件的子集有关的任何有用的信息。发布者可为发布者不想让订阅者看见的事件执行安全事件过滤器124，或替代地，任何适合的实体可执行安全事件过滤器124。
优选实施方式的事件路由器120可另外包括安全策略引擎126，其运行以加强管理哪些订阅者被允许订阅特定的事件的安全策略。事件代理服务器122优选操作安全策略引擎126。优选地，安全性策略引擎126包括被标识的URL。被标识的URL优选由订阅消息和确认标志组成。确认标志起着确认订阅请求的真实性的作用。在客户应用开发人员和事件路由器之间共享的私人密钥优选用来生成确认标志，并优选为编码、密码，或任何适合的标识符。优选使用密钥将确认标志实施为HMAC(哈希消息认证码)哈希值，但可替代地通过任何适合的密码消息认证技术来实现。确认标志优选地包括订阅请求，该订阅请求包括订阅URL、订阅过滤器、订阅到期时间，和/或任何其它适合的订阅元数据和参数。确认标志优选附到订阅请求。在一种优选形式中，确认标志被附加到订阅消息的URL的末端以形成标识的URL。标识的URL允许订阅请求传递到未知的设备，例如，远程网络浏览器，并允许浏览器发布订阅请求，而不需要知道密钥或其它信息。替代地，可实施其它安全系统例如OAuth URL标识或任何适合的安全方法。
优选实施方式的系统也可包括到客户设备的连接130，其运行以作为客户订阅的发布事件能够传送的通道。连接130优选为任何适合的有线的或无线的网络连接。连接130优选在事件路由器120和客户之间，并且更优选地，连接130在事件代理服务器122和客户之间。到客户的连接优选为HTTP连接但可为任何适合的信号发送协议。优选实施方式的客户设备运行以提供与订阅的事件的交互。客户设备可为网络应用的前端接口。客户设备优选对事件做出反应并为用户的交互提供接口。客户设备可为网站、计算机程序、具有上网功能的消费品、服务器，或任何适合的设备。然而，客户设备可替代地为诸如数据收集系统的后台系统。浏览器132为一种常见类型的客户端。与浏览器的连接优选通过java脚本中的Ajax(例如，XMLHttp请求)或通过动画插件(XML套接字或AMF或安全的AMF通道)实现。应用程序接口(API)服务器134为第二种常见类型的客户端。客户端优选启动创建到事件路由器122的连接130。然而，在API服务器134的情况中，事件路由器120，或更优选地，事件代理服务器122可启动创建到客户端的连接130。可另外具有控制通道和发布通道。控制通道为客户端通过其提交订阅请求的连接。客户端能够通过控制通道管理订阅。订阅的管理包括修改已有的订阅(例如，更新过滤器或更改到期时间)、添加订阅、删除订阅和/或任何适合的订阅更改。订阅通道为事件通过其发送到客户端的连接。在一种变型中，客户可在不同的时间通过多个控制通道或替代地通过一个控制通道设置多个订阅和/或修改订阅。无论客户端的订阅数量如何，优选使用一个发布通道。这起着减少在客户和事件代理服务器122之间的开放式连接130的数量的作用。连接130可为如以上提到的任何适合的连接。在连接为长轮询型连接的情况下，客户优选地连接到事件代理服务器122，获取事件并关闭连接。当客户端没有被连接时，事件可被客户端丢失。事件代理服务器122优选地包括缓存以存储事件(直到到期时间)并且在与客户端的下一个连接期间传递缓存的事件到客户端。
优选实施方式的应用服务器114运行以为网络开发人员提供用于通信应用的连接和设计交互的改进的开发环境。呼叫路由器110优选地管理电话设备112和应用服务器114之间的交互。事件优选由该交互生成。网络应用(应用服务器)优选为网站，但可替代为计算机程序、具有上网功能的消费品、或能够进行事件订阅任务的任何适合的方法或设备。应用服务器114优选将电话活动和网站组合以形成强大的用户体验。在应用服务器114的一个示例中，当照片通过幻灯片循环播放时，用户可为个人照片输入电话号码和留下语音注释。在第二个示例中，能够通过网络接口管理电话会议。在第三个示例中，能够使用网络接口对客户服务电话呼叫进行管理和注释。在第四个示例中，通过使用网络接口能够管理和支持商业和销售电话。可替代地使用利用电话交互的任何适合的应用服务器。网络应用优选以类似于规范的网站的方式编程，但集成到系统允许依靠电话活动的新的用户体验。
应用服务器114运行以为从呼叫路由器110接收的请求提供数据处理逻辑。应用服务器114优选通过网络24更优选通过互联网连接到呼叫路由器110。应用服务器114优选为在系统外操作的第三方服务器，但系统可选择性地包括应用服务器114。URI优选与应用服务器114或应用服务器114上的应用相联系。应用服务器114优选使用应用层协议、更优选使用HTTP协议或更安全的HTTPS协议与呼叫路由器110通信。应用服务器114优选从呼叫路由器110接收HTTP请求并发送HTTP响应到呼叫路由器110。应用服务器114优选在编程语言、托管提供商、操作系统和数据库的标准栈上运行以处理HTTP请求，犹如呼叫者是网络浏览器中的网站的访问者。应用服务器114还优选使用密钥验证在请求中接收的呼叫数据的数字签名，以从接收的信息和接收的哈希值中计算加密哈希值。如果计算的哈希值和接收的哈希值不匹配，或没有接收到该请求的哈希值，那么应用服务器114优选确定该请求为假的，并且优选将请求废弃。如果计算的哈希值和接收的哈希值匹配，应用服务器114优选地确定该请求为真实的并继续进行请求的处理。如果安全不重要，应用服务器可替代地选择忽略哈希值。应用服务器优选使用由呼叫路由器请求传达的呼叫状态数据以确定下个呼叫路由器指示，而不需要存储在应用服务器的呼叫状态，。应用服务器可替代地使用由呼叫路由器发送的呼叫状态数据，例如，呼叫者的呼叫者ID或呼叫的唯一ID，以引用另外的或外部的状态数据，例如，存储在应用服务器中的数据库或会话数据中的行。
应用服务器114优选通过为呼叫路由器110生成电话指示来响应从呼叫路由器110接收的HTTP请求。当电话指示被呼叫路由器执行时，优选发生被呼叫路由器110检测的事件。应用服务器优选通过XML回复呼叫路由器，然而，可使用任何适合的机器可读的消息格式，包括HTML、密钥/值配对文本、受限的文本或二进制编码。XML优选地包括用于呼叫路由器110的电话指示，例如，连接到另一个号码、播放录制的问候语、阅读文本，和/或从呼叫者请求DTMF数字输入。电话指示可替代地涉及SMS消息发送、多媒体信息服务(MMS)消息发送、传真、即时消息、电子邮件、微型博客，或任何适合的消息发送任务。电话指示可另外用于发送向外的SMS消息、安排来自特定的电话号码的电话呼叫、安排回叫、设置电话会议(连接多个号码)、发送电子邮件、与日历或日程安排系统交互、购买商品或服务，或任何其它适合的指示。XML指示优选为一组按顺序执行的指令，每次一个(也就是，顺序地执行)。示例的XML响应在图9A和9B中示出。在单个电话会话中(例如，一个由PSTN设备或SMS设备启动的会话)，来自应用服务器的响应能够启动向外的电话呼叫和/或SMS消息。就是说，单个XML响应优选提供与SMS网络和语音电话网络(PSTN、SIP/VoIP，等)顺序或同时交互的能力。另外，发送到呼叫路由器110的音频或视频文件能够通过自动的语音转文本引擎、人或其它技术转换为文本，并以文本形式发回以作为SMS消息或MMS的附件。在一种变型中，在服务器上运行的应用可为在没有可用的开发和脚本处理环境的基本的网络服务器上利用的简单的静态XML页面和静态的声音文件。这种变型优选使用URI模板(HTML5的现行的IETF提案)，其本质上包括用于可变数据的具有占位符的URL，例如：
http://www.twilio.com/audio/{Digit}.mp3，其中呼叫路由器110将用按下的数字替代在URI模板中的{Digit}占位符，在作为结果的URI获取文件，并作为响应，播放静态的声音文件。这允许整个应用在看到的即获得的What-You-See-Is-What-You-Get(WYSIWYG)网页编辑器中脱机创作。例如，如果服务器响应指定URI模板：
http://demo.twilio.com/myapp/{Digits}.mp3，并且呼叫者按下数字1234，呼叫路由器110将获得位于：http://demo.twilio.com/myapp/1234.mp3的静态MP3文件并对呼叫者播放它。用于在URI模板中被替代的变量优选对应来自呼叫路由器的HTTP GET、POST和/或标题请求中为提交状态定义的变量名。从先前的示例中，{Digits}将与名为“数字”的参数相关，参数名“数字”优选因为“聚集”电话指示(DTMF数字的集合)而生成。在第二配置的优选的实施方式中，呼叫由应用服务器114(通过呼叫路由器110)启动，并且第二配置基本上类似于第一配置，以致呼叫路由选择优选与来电相同地处理，也就是在呼叫状态改变时通过从呼叫路由器110到服务器114的URI请求来处理。
作为一种另外的选择，系统可以全双工方式执行，在全双工方式，事件(客户端事件)可另外从客户端发布，并且呼叫路由器能够订阅客户端事件，如在图7中所示。在这种选择中，事件路由器另外管理客户端事件的发布并管理呼叫路由器对客户端事件的订阅。系统优选以与上述基本相同的方式执行，但不同的是客户端可另外生成事件和呼叫路由器可订阅事件。客户端事件系统优选与以上描述的事件系统集成。
2.电话网络事件方法
如在图3-6中所示，用于电话应用的事件订阅方法包括分发事件S100和订阅事件S200。分发事件优选包括发布事件到路由器S110，识别事件的订阅者S120，并发送事件到订阅者S130的子步骤。订阅事件包括为事件订阅生成标识的URL S210、发送事件订阅请求到事件路由器S220、验证事件订阅S230，以及允许事件订阅S240的子步骤。该方法可另外地包括分配新的资源到事件路由器。特别地，可分配或释放事件代理服务器和消息中介。另外地，可分配或扩展呼叫路由器、事件分发器，和/或系统的任何适合的部分设备以适应功能需求。负载均衡器可另外在多个组件之间分配处理。
作为可替代的选择，该方法可另外包括接收订阅者生成的客户端事件，发布客户端事件到事件路由器和识别订阅客户端事件的呼叫路由器，并发送客户端事件到呼叫路由器。该方法运行以使事件方法对于双向事件发布和订阅实现全双工。全双工事件系统基本类似于所描述的事件系统，但在该系统中客户端生成事件并且呼叫路由器订阅该事件。
2A.发布事件的方法
步骤S110包括发布事件到路由器，其运行以启动事件的公告。事件细节优选发送到在URL上的事件路由器或其它适合的资源或连接标识符。事件细节优选包括账户身份、事件类型、任何与事件相关的事件数据，以及与事件有关的任何其它适合的参数。发布到路由器优选在新的事件发生之后发生，但可替代地，可周期性地发布一批事件，在满足事件计数时，可发布一批事件，在满足事件类型时，可发布一个事件，或可应用任何适合的事件发布规则。事件优选从在呼叫路由器上运行的电话应用生成。电话应用优选在功能上基本类似于以上描述的一个应用。呼叫路由器优选发布事件到事件路由器。事件优选通过HTTP发布，但可使用任何适合的协议。事件分发器可另外选择一个消息中介发送事件。可根据事件类型对多个消息中介进行分片，并且事件分发器优选能够将事件映射到适当的消息中介。
步骤S120包括识别事件的订阅者，其运行以识别应该被通知已发生的事件的所有授权的订阅者。订阅者优选与订阅URL相联系。可优选识别任何适合数量的订阅者，并且优选通过检查订阅者列表来识别订阅者。订阅者可替代地与一组其它的订阅者相联系，并且一组(或多组)可被识别为订阅者。尽管可使用任何适合的设备，但识别订阅者优选通过事件路由器执行，更优选通过事件代理服务器与消息中介共同执行。优选地，事件代理服务器执行管理客户端(订阅者)的订阅和订阅事件路由器的事件发布的步骤。事件代理服务器优选代表客户端订阅，以使订阅处理能够被委托到事件代理服务器。更优选地，消息中介执行发布事件的步骤，以使事件代理服务器订阅消息中介。识别事件的订阅者可包括验证事件过滤器的子步骤。账户级别的安全可另外地通过事件路由器加强，以限制事件仅到相关账号的可视性。将事件与订阅者的过滤器进行比较以确保应该将事件发送到该订阅者。过滤器优选为如以上描述的类型过滤器和参数过滤器。
步骤S130包括发布事件到订阅者，其运行以通知订阅者事件的发生。事件优选由事件路由器通过开放的HTTP连接发布，但可替代地，可使用周期性的HTTP连接、消息框架例如Jabber，或任何适合的通信协议。在客户先前中断与事件路由器(也就是，在事件发生时没有连接到事件路由器)的连接的情况下，事件代理服务器优选建立到订购者的连接。事件代理服务器优选通过访问所存储的客户端地址和通过任何适合的协议连接来建立连接。在订阅者为API服务器的情况下，API指令可用于连接或通知API服务器该事件。
2B.订阅事件的方法
步骤S210包括为事件订阅生成标识的URL，其运行以生成URL，所述URL对任何订阅URL、过滤器，和/或识别信息进行编码。未标识的URL优选生成为包括账户识别、订阅URL、订阅过滤器、订阅到期时间，和/或任何其它适合的订阅元数据或参数。优选地，基于账户识别查找密钥。密钥用于创建确认标志。确认标志优选使用密钥被实现为HMAC-SHAI(哈希消息认证码)哈希值或可使用任何适合的另一种密码学的消息认证技术。确认标志另外包括订阅请求，该订阅请求包括订阅URL、订阅过滤器、订阅到期时间，和/或任何其它适合的订阅元数据或参数。确认标志优选附加到未标识的URL以形成一个标识的URL。标识的URL优选集成到订阅请求。订阅请求优选为用于接收电话应用的特定事件的请求。
步骤S220包括发送订阅请求到事件路由器。订阅请求优选通过HTTP协议发送到事件路由器，但可替代地使用任何适合的协议。订阅请求优选通过事件路由器接收，更优选通过事件代理服务器接收。事件代理服务器优选管理订阅。
步骤S230包括验证事件订阅，其运行以验证订阅者的身份。事件的标识的URL优选被解构并识别账户身份、订阅URL、订阅过滤器、订阅到期时间，和/或任何其它适合的订阅元数据或参数。事件路由器优选验证账户识别包括在标识的URL或其它认证凭证中。如果没有发现账户识别，则丢弃订阅请求并且返回错误。如果包括识别信息，则查询用于账户的密钥(也就是，在数据库中查找)。密钥优选为与步骤S210的密钥相同的共享密钥。密钥然后用于形成确认标志。确认标志优选为HMAC哈希值，或可替代地任何适合的密码学的消息或标识符。将确认标志与来自标识的URL的确认标志进行比较以验证匹配。
步骤S240包括允许事件订阅，运行以允许客户端订阅事件。订阅优选允许客户端实时地接收事件(近似几毫秒到几秒)。事件订阅也仅允许被授权由账户查看的事件，例如，通过在该账户上的呼叫生成的事件。更优选地，事件优选通过订阅者的任何过滤器。作为另外的选择，订阅可在给定的时间过后到期。如步骤S240的部分，该方法包括配置订阅的过滤器的事件代理服务器(或事件路由器)。该步骤运行以设置订阅的处理操作。另外地，必须被执行的任何适合的订阅设置可另外执行。在订阅者先前具有订阅的变型中，先前的订阅可被修改以包括新的订阅细节。来自一个订阅者的多个订阅的事件优选通过如以上描述的单个连接发送到订阅者。在事件发生时订阅者没有连接到事件路由器的情况下，事件代理服务器或任何适合的设备可排队或缓存事件以在订阅者下一次建立连接时进行传递。
本领域技术人员将从先前的详细描述以及从图和权利要求中认识到，在不偏离在以下权利要求中限定的发明范围的情况下，能够对本发明的优选实施方式做出修改和改变。

Claims (27)

1.一种用于发布电话应用的事件到客户端的系统，其中所述电话应用与电话设备和应用服务器进行交互，所述系统包括：
呼叫路由器，其从所述电话应用生成事件；以及
事件路由器，其管理由所述呼叫路由器生成的事件的发布以及管理客户端对事件的订阅。
2.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述事件路由器包括多个事件代理服务器，所述多个事件代理服务器管理所述事件路由器的所述客户端的订阅和订阅所述事件路由器的所述事件。
3.根据权利要求2所述的系统，其中所述客户端为API服务器。
4.根据权利要求2所述的系统，其中所述事件路由器还包括管理事件代理负载和扩展所述事件代理系统的负载均衡器。
5.根据权利要求2所述的系统，其中所述事件代理服务器包括根据事件的属性选择性地将事件传递到客户端的事件过滤器。
6.根据权利要求5所述的系统，其中所述事件过滤器选择性地将来自单个呼叫的事件传递到客户端。
7.根据权利要求5所述的系统，其中所述事件过滤器选择性地传递与设置的电话号码相关的事件。
8.根据权利要求5所述的系统，其中所述事件过滤器中的至少一个由事件发布者实现以阻止客户端接收事件类型。
9.根据权利要求5所述的系统，其中所述事件代理服务器另外包括授权客户端订阅事件的安全策略引擎。
10.根据权利要求5所述的系统，其中所述事件路由器包括多个为所述事件路由器管理事件的发布的消息中介，以及其中所述事件代理服务器连接到消息中介以订阅事件。
11.根据权利要求10所述的系统，其中根据事件属性对所述消息中介进行分片。
12.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述呼叫路由器同时管理多个电话应用以及所述事件路由器发布多个事件和管理多个订阅。
13.根据权利要求1所述的系统，其中所述客户端生成客户端事件，并且所述事件路由器另外管理客户端事件的发布和管理呼叫路由器对客户端事件的订阅。
14.一种发布电话应用的事件的方法，所述方法包括：
从所述电话应用生成事件；
发布事件到事件路由器；
识别事件的订阅者；以及
从所述事件路由器发送所述事件到所述订阅者。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法，其中识别订阅者的步骤包括事件代理服务器管理订阅和订阅所述事件路由器的事件发布。
16.根据权利要求15所述的方法，还包括在消息中介上发布所述事件路由器内的事件。
17.根据权利要求16所述的方法，其中所述事件在至少第二消息中介上发布，其中所述消息中介基于不同的属性管理事件的发布。
18.根据权利要求16所述的方法，还包括分配另外的事件代理服务器以提高订阅能力以及分配另外的消息中介以提高事件发布能力。
19.根据权利要求16所述的方法，还包括以下步骤：从订阅者接收对事件的订阅请求；验证订阅者被授权订阅所述事件；以及启动对所述订阅的管理。
20.根据权利要求19所述的方法，其中从所述事件路由器发送所述事件到订阅者的步骤包括：检测所述客户端是否没有被连接以及如果没有检测到连接，建立到所述订阅者的连接。
21.根据权利要求19所述的方法，还包括接收订阅者生成的客户端事件；发布所述客户端事件到所述事件路由器；识别订阅所述客户端事件的呼叫路由器；以及发送所述客户端事件到所述呼叫路由器。
22.根据权利要求14所述的方法，还包括从所述事件路由器发送所述事件到多个订阅者。
23.一种用于形成对电话应用事件的订阅的方法，包括：
从订阅者接收对事件发布的订阅请求；
验证所述订阅者被授权订阅所述事件发布；
订阅由事件路由器发布的所述事件发布，其中所述事件路由器管理电话应用的订阅；以及
通过事件连接返回所述事件发布的事件到所述订阅者。
24.根据权利要求23所述的方法，还包括集合对所述事件发布的订阅，所述事件发布具有从事件代理服务器到所述事件路由器的多个订阅。
25.根据权利要求23所述的方法，还包括为所述订阅配置过滤器以及将事件在返回到所述订阅者之前过滤事件，其中所述过滤器在所述订阅请求中指定。
26.根据权利要求25所述的方法，还包括排列待返回到订阅者的事件，以及在所述订阅者建立事件连接后，通过所述事件连接返回所述事件到所述订阅者。
27.根据权利要求23所述的方法，还包括从所述订阅者接收订阅第二请求的请求；验证所述订阅者被授权订阅第二事件；订阅由事件路由器发布的所述第二事件；以及通过第一事件的事件连接返回所述第二事件。
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