CN101401408A - 产生用于通信会话的统一计费记录的系统和方法 - Google Patents
产生用于通信会话的统一计费记录的系统和方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种方法,用于在通信网络中的策略服务器中创建计费记录。所述方法还包括从一个或多个应用层元件接收策略数据。所述方法包括从一个或多个较低层元件接收计费数据,使得所述计费数据与所述策略数据有关。所述方法还包括合并接收到的所述计费数据和策略数据。
Description
技术领域
本发明一般涉及电信领域,并且具体涉及通信会话的计费数据。
背景技术
例如接入终端之类的端点可能在通信会话期间使用通信网络系统与其它端点传输分组。例如,接入终端可能对网络进行订阅,所述网络维护接入终端的订阅信息。
可使用某些已知技术获得这些通信会话的计费记录。然而,这些已知技术在某些情况中没有效率。在某些情况中,通常期望其有效率。
发明内容
根据本发明,可减少或消除与用于创建计费记录的在先技术有关的缺点和问题。
根据本发明的一个实施例,提供一种方法,用于在通信系统中由策略服务器创建计费记录。所述方法包括:所述策略服务器从一个或多个较低层元件接收计费数据。所述方法还包括:所述策略服务器从一个或多个应用层元件接收策略数据。所述方法还包括:所述策略服务器合并接收到的计费数据。
根据本发明的另一个实施例,用于在通信系统中创建计费记录的方法包括策略服务器,所述策略服务器将计费数据处理成统一的格式,所述统一的格式与收费数据函数兼容。所述方法还包括:所述策略服务器将已合并和统一的计费数据发送给服务数据管理器。
本发明的某些实施例重要的技术优势包括:使得更易于引入只需要基于持续时间开账单的新的应用服务。如果应用服务只需要基于持续时间开账单,则其不需要实现计费接口,并且,例如SDM的计费基础设施也不需要使接口适应这种新的应用服务。
本发明的某些实施例的其它它重要优势包括:因为账单系统不需要使从多个实体接收到的计费信息相互关联,因此明显降低账单系统上的负载。这降低了计费消息的总数量并且简化了CDF中的计费数据合并,从而减少了整体处理。这还通过减少需要与CDF直接通信的元件数量,简化了系统的整体操作与管理。
从以下附图、说明和权利要求,本发明的其它技术优势对本技术领域的技术人员将是显而易见的。此外,以上已经列举了特定的优势,而各种实施例可能包括全部、包括一些或者不包括所列举的优势。
附图说明
为了更全面地理解本发明和其优势,现在联系附图,参考以下描述,在附图中:
图1是说明根据本发明实施例传输用于接入终端的分组的系统简化框图;
图2是说明根据本发明实施例的计费模型的简化框图;和
图3是说明根据本发明实施例的合并计费数据的示例方法的简化流程图。
具体实施方式
为教导和讨论的目的,提供关于以下发明操作方式的一些概论是有用的。以下基本信息可以视作基本原理,可以从其恰当地说明本发明。仅仅是为了说明的目的而认真提供这信息,并且因此,不应以任何方式将该信息解释为限制本发明和其潜在应用的广泛范围。
在本发明一个实施例中,实现了在全IP下一代网络体系结构的计费数据捕获。其基于具有应用到SIP和非SIP应用两者的策略服务器结构的增强的IMS体系结构。应用(SIP和非SIP两者)与策略管理器交互以获得网络资源使用授权,并且策略管理器在协商中与承载管理器(BearerManager)交互以授权网络资源使用。
当用户使用网络和应用资源时,重要的是捕获对于所述使用的计费信息。这使服务提供商能够针对应用和/或网络资源使用、管理,以及故障检修服务等向用户收费。
在传统的基于IMS的体系结构(3GPP、3GPP2、TISPAN、PacketCable 2.0等)中,这通过使几乎网络中全部元件——应用服务器、CSCF和承载组件——产生计费信息来实现。这导致账单系统上的负载和使所述信息相互关联的处理。其还使得更难引入新的(非SIP)应用服务,这是因为所述新的(非SIP)应用服务需要产生它们自己的计费信息,将其发送到收费网关函数,收费网关函数必须配置为接收和处理所述计费信息,等等。而且,传统的基于IMS的体系结构一般不考虑非SIP应用的应用级计费。
全IP下一代网络体系结构以宏移动性和微移动性的形式支持网络移动性。宏移动性是通过将用户的IP地址锚定(anchor)在所谓的承载管理器上而提供。承载管理器又与IP网关(IPGW)通信,IP网关(IPGW)使用代理移动IP(Proxy Mobile IP)过程支持IP网关间切换。IPGW又与接入网(例如,EVDO Rev A RAN)通信。
承载管理器类似于传统3GPP2体系结构中的家乡代理,和传统3GPP体系结构中的GGSN。类似地,IPGW类似于3GPP2中的PDSN和3GPP中的SGSN。
当用户使用网络资源时,重要的是捕获针对所述使用的计费信息。这使服务提供商能够针对网络资源使用、管理,以及故障检修服务等向用户收费。
在传统的基于IMS的体系结构(3GPP,3GPP2,TISPAN,PacketCable2.0等)中,这通过使网络中各个承载级组件产生计费信息来实现。IMS收费体系结构将收费触发函数(CTF)定义为实施此的逻辑元件,并且然后将计费数据发送给收费数据函数(CDF)或计费网关函数(CGF),用于进一步的处理和合并(使用Rf接口)。
然而,存在与此相关的几个新问题。首先,如果用户是移动的并且(例如在IPGW之间)执行切换,则CGF可能从用于单个会话的许多元件接收计费数据。这使整个系统复杂化,并且需要在CGF上的另外的处理和接口配置。其次,在全IP下一代网络体系结构中,支持不同接入网并且可在不同类型的接入网技术之间执行切换,每一种接入网技术产生不同类型的计费信息。例如,IPGW(或IPGW/PDIF)可使用DIAMETER(基于3GPP2Rf的),并且传统的家乡代理可使用RADIUS消息。这意味着CDF必须支持各种不同计费协议,并且能够基于此而产生合并的记录。全IP下一代网络体系结构定义了对这两个问题的解决方案。
3GPP IMS定义了离线收费体系结构。重复利用了一些离线体系结构,尤其是收费触发函数(CTF)和收费数据函数(CDF)的概念。然而,全IP下一代网络体系结构提供了一些重要的整个系统的简化,并且引入了收费触发合并器函数(Charging Trigger Consolidator Function,CTCF)的概念。全IP下一代网络体系结构还提供了针对非SIP应用的计费解决方案。
图1是传输用于接入终端20的分组的系统10的简化框图。根据本实施例,系统10包括无线接入网(RAN)22、网际协议(IP)网关(IPGW)24、通信网络26、承载管理器30、策略服务器40、应用管理器50、应用服务器60、介质服务器62、非SIP应用70、规章服务器(regulatory servers)80、PSTN网关82、安全管理器90和服务数据管理器92。
根据本发明的教导,应用级元件和承载级元件与策略服务器40进行通信。因此,策略服务器40可使用软件产生统一的计费记录,所述统一的计费记录捕获应用的策略数据(例如,开始和结束时间)和应用对网络资源的相关使用(例如,所使用的字节和分组的总数)。应用50、70至少可告知策略服务器40其名称、开始时间、停止时间、与应用流有关的参数,和连同应用的另外的数据。承载管理器30可以告知策略服务器40用于该会话的网络资源。
注意,由于这些组件的灵活性,其可以作为替代地配备有(或包括)任何适合的组件、装置、专用集成电路(ASIC)、处理器、微处理器、算法、只读存储器(ROM)元件、随机存取存储器(RAM)元件、可擦除可编程ROM(EPROM)、电可擦除可编程ROM(EEPROM)、现场可编程逻辑门阵列(FPGA),或者任何其它可操作来辅助其操作的合适的元件或对象。通过通信系统10的上下文中的ARF 74、CDF 75、CGF 77、承载管理器30、应用管理器50、非SIP应用70和策略服务器40的结构提供相当大的灵活性,并且因此,它们应该如此解释。
应当注意:图1和图2的系统的内部结构是通用的,并且为了实现预期操作或另外的操作,可以轻易进行改变、修改、重新排列或重新配置。此外,图1和2中的任何项目都可以在合适时进行组合,或用其它功能元件代替,所述功能元件是可操作以实现在此描述的任何操作的。
通过使用在策略服务器中产生单个计费记录的计费模型,系统10提供几个优点。计费模型使得易于引入新的应用服务,所述新的应用服务只需要基于持续时间和/或基于流量开账单。如果应用服务只需要基于持续时间和/或基于流量开账单,则其不需要实现计费接口,并且例如SDM之类的计费基础设施也不需要使接口适应于这种新的应用服务。
系统10中的计费模型还提供其它的优点,例如,因为账单系统不需要使从多个实体接收到的计费信息相互关联,所以明显降低账单系统的负载。此外,计费模型允许更简单的系统整体操作和管理。在以下图2和图3中说明关于这些操作的细节。
根据说明性实施例,系统10提供到例如接入终端20的端点的例如通信会话的服务。通信会话是指端点之间的活动通信。在通信会话期间可传输信息。信息可以包括话音、数据、文本、音频、视频、多媒体、控制、信令,和/或其它信息。信息可以在分组中传输,每一个分组包括以特定形式组织以用于传输的一包数据。
系统10可以利用通信协议和技术来提供通信会话。通信协议和技术的示例包括由以下标准设定的通信协议和技术:电气电子工程师学会(IEEE)标准、国际电信联盟(ITU-T)标准、欧洲电信标准协会(ETSI)标准、互联网工程任务组(IETF)标准(例如,例如移动IP的IP),或其它标准。
根据说明性实施例,接入终端20代表任何可操作以与通信网络进行通信的合适的装置。例如,用户可能使用接入终端20来与通信网络通信。例如,接入终端20可能包括个人数字助理、例如膝上电脑之类的计算机、蜂窝电话、移动手机,和/或任何其它可操作用来与系统10通信的装置。接入终端20可以是移动或者固定装置。
系统10包括通信网络26。一般而言,通信网络26可包括至少以下网络的一部分:公共交换电话网(PSTN)、公用或专用数据网、局域网(LAN)、城域网(MAN)、广域网(WAN)或本地的、区域的或者例如互联网的全球的通信或计算机网络、有线或无线网、企业内部网、其它合适的通信链路,或者上述任何通信网的任何组合。
无线接入网22可以为接入终端20提供接入服务。例如,无线接入网22可以在其覆盖范围以内提供层2移动接入、移动性、和/或切换服务。或者,接入终端20还可以经由替代性的机制,例如WiFi或1xRTT数据,接入网络。
IP网关24作为无线接入网22和通信网26之间的网关。IP网关24例如可执行以下操作:认证接入终端20、给接入终端20指定承载管理器30、在不同的IP网关24和无线接入网22之间执行切换功能,和/或辅助接入终端20到通信网26的注册。由于IP网关24执行如认证、切换和上下文转移(context transfer)这样的并非接入网专用的功能,所以系统10允许跨越这些不同接入网技术的无缝漫游和切换功能。
承载管理器30提供将分组发送到接入终端20和/或从接入终端20发送的承载路径。根据一个实施例,承载管理器30用作承载路径的锚定器(anchor)。承载管理器30可用作对网络地址的使用授权的家乡或外地代理,所述网络地址允许接入终端20使用由承载管理器30锚定的承载路径。由于承载管理器30作为IP锚定点,因此其还可以用作例如服务质量、计费和移动性之类的若干网络策略的自然执行点(natural enforcementpoint)。
承载管理器30可执行其它合适的操作,以为接入终端20提供服务。其它合适的操作的示例包括为接入终端20处理信令、提交(commit)资源和维护网关。承载管理器30可以包括任何合适的装置,例如服务通用无线分组业务(GPRS)支持节点(SGSN)、网关GPRS支持节点(GGSN),家乡/外地代理、移动网关、移动IPv4节点、移动IPv6节点,或分组数据服务节点(PDSN)。承载管理器30可使用任何合适的协议,例如IP多媒体系统(IMS)协议。
策略服务器40管理策略。策略服务器40负责实现策略,所述策略指导:如何利用在下面的IP网(例如IP网关24、承载管理器30和无线接入网22)支持在网络上运行的应用(例如SIP和非SIP应用)。策略服务器40通过向承载管理器30和IP网关24提供被称为方面(facet)的策略来对它们进行控制,承载管理器30和IP网关24执行所述方面。网络中的许多元件联络策略服务器40,以获得关于其如何继续进行的决定,例如,这样的决定影响在下面的IP网络的使用的情况。策略可以包括一个或多个策略规则,其中策略规则规定如果满足一个或多个条件则所要采取的动作。策略可以包括多个方面,所述方面是可以在网络元件上安装和执行的策略规则。一个方面可能允许网络元件做出策略决定。策略服务器40可能与承载管理器30耦合。
应用管理器50管理应用,例如SIP应用和/或其它合适的应用。应用管理器50能够执行SIP操作(例如SIP注册、授权和路由)、话音特征(例如呼叫路由和呼叫转发)、服务性能交互管理(Service CapabilitiesInteraction Management,SCIM)、用户在线服务(user presence services)和/或其它操作。应用管理器50负责调用基于SIP的应用服务器60,所述基于SIP的应用服务器60能够提供类似IP集中式数位交换机(centrex)和一键通(Push-To-Talk)的服务。应用管理器50可以与策略服务器40通信,以请求代表它来为具体接入终端20实现策略。此外,应用管理器50还能够将SIP会话请求通知给策略服务器,使得网络能够恰当地配置以支持这些会话。
系统10支持两种不同类型的应用:基于SIP的应用和非SIP应用。基于SIP的应用服务器60驻留在应用管理器50上,并且应用服务器60是使用IMS服务控制(ISC)接口来访问的。基于SIP的应用服务器60能够提供类似于IP集中式数位交换机和一键通的服务。然而,支持SIP应用的对那些应用的访问和下面的网络资源的协调由策略服务器40进行管理,策略服务器40与应用管理器50通信。
系统10还支持非SIP应用。可通过接入终端20或通过其它触发直接调用非SIP应用服务器70。非SIP应用服务器70和策略服务器40之间的通信接口与应用管理器50和策略服务器40之间的通信相同。这通信接口可以基于DIAMETER或任何其它合适的接口。
媒体服务器62代表本身不是有用的应用,但是当被其它应用使用时有用的粗放应用组件。应用服务器60可能需要对媒体处理功能(例如交互式语音应答)、混合功能(mixing functions)和消息功能(messagingfunctions)的访问。不是让各个应用服务器60分别实现这些功能,而是将功能提取到一组公共的媒体服务器62中。媒体服务器62也被称为是服务使能器。
规章服务器80提供用于从执法机构安装截取命令的接口,和用于传递给执法机构的来自网络的数据集合。系统10可操作以经由传统的基于SIP的PSTN网关82与PSTN互连。
安全管理器90是系统10中用于安全服务的中心接入点。因为安全管理器90用作密钥材料的中心存储库和产生点,所以通过与安全管理器90交互而进行所有层的认证。安全管理器90是安全操作中心(SOC)的核心,所述SOC在系统10中提供对威胁的持续管理。
服务数据管理器(SDM)92存储用于接入终端20的用户数据。需要访问用户数据的组件从SDM92获取用户数据,所述组件包括应用管理器50、策略服务器40、SIP应用服务器60和非SIP应用服务器70。因为在系统10中使用了许多协议和装置,而每一个都具有可能不同的标识符,所以SDM 92作为用于用户数据的存储库。SDM 92是可操作以使在系统10中使用的各种标识符相关的。SDM 92提供对用户数据基本的创建/读取/更新/删除(Create/Read/Update/Delete,CRUD)服务,并且SDM 92存储用户数据。SDM 92还用作系统10中用户使用的计费记录的存储库。由后端账单系统读取计费记录,以用于相互关联和开账单。SDM 92还存储各条非用户数据,例如PSTN路由逻辑。供应系统可通过将用户数据推进SDM 92以及将其读出而与SDM 92接口。
系统10的组件可以包括任何合适的元件排列,所述元件例如是:接口、逻辑、存储器、其它合适的元件或以上的任何组合。接口接收输入,发送输出,处理输入和/或输出,和/或执行其它的合适的操作。接口可能包括硬件和/或软件。
逻辑执行组件的操作,例如,执行指令以从输入产生输出。逻辑可以包括硬件、软件、和/或其它逻辑。某些逻辑,例如处理器,可以管理组件的操作。处理器的示例包括一个或多个计算机,一个或多个微处理器,一个或多个应用,和/或其它逻辑。
存储器存储信息。存储器可包括计算机存储器(例如,随机存取存储器(RAM)或只读存储器(ROM))、海量存储介质(例如,硬盘)、可移除的存储介质(例如,光盘(CD)或数字视频光盘(DVD))、数据库和/或网络存储装置(例如,服务器),其它计算机可读介质,或任何以上的组合。
不偏离本发明的范围,可对系统10做出修改、添加或者省略。根据具体需要,可以集成或分离系统10的组件。并且,可以由更多、更少或其它模块执行系统10的操作。此外,可使用任何合适的逻辑执行系统10的操作。本文中所使用的“每个”指的是集合的每一个成员或集合的子集的每一个成员。
为了教导和讨论的目的,提供关于以下发明操作的概览是有用的。以下基本信息可视作基本原理,本发明可以从其恰当地说明。只是出于说明的目的,认真提供此信息,并且不应当以任何方式解释为限制本发明的广泛范围和其潜在的应用。
在计费模型中有两种类型的记录。由应用管理器50和/或应用服务器60产生计费记录,并且计费记录表示应用管理器50或应用服务器60的提供特定应用的操作的细节。发送计费记录给应用会话一端处的SDM。在SIP的情况下,这意味着呼叫的结束。
另一种类型的记录是使用数据记录(UDR)。UDR是对在下面的IP网和其资源的使用的账目。UDR像计费记录一样,通常在IP会话的一端产生,但是,也可紧接着其它事件产生,例如超过使用阈值。UDR还可包括关于造成IP网络使用的应用的信息。结果,通常单单UDR就足够作为网络使用的基本记录了,这使得应用管理器和应用服务器计费记录是可选的。
结构中的每个组件建立于接收到的事件集合之上,并且还记录对应于所使用的资源的使用数据。对应于策略服务器设置的计费方面和每个组件上的默认策略,完成计费集合。
网络中的组件还可以根据计费方面中的指令报告事件。例如,如果IPGW安装了计费方面,所述计费方面要求IPGW在一分类符上的1MB使用数据上触发,则IPGW将这事件报告给承载管理器,并且将对应于该特定分类符的分组计数器发送出去。另外的事件包括注册、注销、移动性和QoS。
计费模型尝试使系统10中产生计费记录的点数最小化,并且减小来自各种组件的独立事件集。关联功能不会因来自各种组件的过多的事件超载。此外,经由承载管理器和策略服务器进行正确事件报告和合并到UDR中,这使得能够部署新的应用而不需要应用本身产生收费记录或计费事件。
由每个网络组件收集UDR并且在某些已定义的事件发生时报告UDR,所述事件通常是IP会话或IP流的结束。UDR的合并还在报告UDR时,以如以下图2所示的链接方式完成。将来自RAN的UDR合并进来自IPGW的UDR中,并且然后将其发送给承载管理器。承载管理器将从IPGW接收到的合并后的UDR与其自己的UDR合并,并且将合并后的UDR发送给策略服务器。策略服务器在记录策略服务器已知的另外事件之后做类似的合并,并且将合并后的UDR发送给SDM。
由账单系统从SDM检索所述记录,并且所述记录还能够将SDM用作计费数据的存储库。
由RAN报告的各种计费事件包括网络进入、QoS和AT状态(休眠/空闲)的变化。RAN还报告对应于具体AT的RAN资源的UDR,所述UDR包括无线链路使用和使用持续时间。
IPGW收集对应于所安装的计费方面的另外的计费数据,以及对应于活动的IP会话的使用数据。根据触发条件,计费方面可能触发针对承载管理器的事件。所有发送给承载管理器的事件还包括对应于特定分类符的计费使用数据。当将所述事件报告给承载管理器时,则重置对应于所述方面的分组计数器。
除了承载管理器安装的计费方面以外,IPGW还具有默认方面,所述默认方面使得其能够收集与特定AT的活动的IP会话相对应的使用数据,所述使用数据包括被访问的IP地址和家乡IP地址两者。对应于包括非零分组计数器的所有计费方面的使用数据在注销事件发生时,或者根据周期性间隔报告为UDR。由RAN报告的UDR还在这些UDR中记录为容器(container)。
类似地,承载管理器具有对应于用户IP地址的默认方面和由策略服务器安装的方面。所有与包含从IPGW报告给承载管理器的分组计数器的计费方面相对应的事件在承载管理器处记录到用于特定方面的UDR中。记录在承载管理器处的UDR还帮助合并从来自几个IPGW的移动事件中报告的数据。在用户会话结束时,或者以定义的周期性间隔,将来自承载管理器的UDR报告给策略服务器。
将承载管理器和应用管理器中的各种系统事件报告给策略服务器。策略服务器从承载管理器和应用管理器两者接收事件,并且将这些事件连同来自承载管理器的UDR一起记录,然后将合并后的UDR发送给SDM。
由策略服务器以控制承载管理器处的资源使用的每会话/每应用流安装QoS和计费方面。计费方面支配用于由分类符定义的特定应用流的承载计费的特征(例如:时间,量)。对应于由策略服务器安装的动态方面的事件就触发条件——阈值和/或时间——报告分组计数器。然后,在报告事件后重置分组计数器,以用于下一触发条件。策略服务器可以进一步产生计费数据记录,所述计费数据记录合并在每个会话基础上从承载管理器接收到的事件和由应用管理器报告的事件。在与动态QoS有关的计费的合并和关联两者中,以及在允许应用中,该信息都是有用的。例如,新的应用服务,其中不在应用层实现收费,但是供应商仍然可以基于特定的应用使用收费。
计费模型包括SIP应用和非SIP应用两者,以及过度(over the top)应用。在大多数情况下,上述从策略服务器产生UDR的过程足够允许新的应用,而不需要该应用产生计费数据。
在某些情况中,关于应用的另外的信息可能是有必要的,所述另外的信息未经由策略服务器或承载管理器记录或收集。为了处理需要基于应用的计费的情况,特定非SIP应用服务器或应用管理器可记录可用于计费的事件。对于非SIP应用,这些可以通过特定应用服务器或使用使用了深度分组检测的应用检测来实现。
需要收费关联有两个理由:家乡和访问网络之间的关联,以及用于特定应用会话的应用层(应用管理器和应用服务器)的使用和承载层(承载管理器和IPGW)的使用之间的关联。
由家乡网络中的承载管理器按每个移动IP用户会话分配承载关联标识符,并且经由策略对等(policy peering)将承载关联标识符发送到被访问网络。访问承载管理器和家乡承载管理器两者都在对应于移动IP会话而生成的UDR中使用承载关联标识符。
按每个应用会话(即,SIP呼叫或流媒体会话)使用动态关联标识符使应用层的使用与IP网关联。对于由AT发起的应用请求,应用管理器或非SIP应用服务器联络策略服务器,以用于授权。策略服务器产生关联密钥,并且将其传递给应用管理器或非SIP应用服务器。将同样的密钥作为计费方面的一部分传递给承载管理器和IPGW。然而,在由PSTN网关发起的SIP呼叫的情况下,关联标识符可能通过发端网关分配,在SIP信令消息中携带,并且然后从应用管理器传递给策略服务器。由PSTN网关、应用管理器或应用服务器产生的计费记录,以及策略服务器产生的UDR包括这个关联标识符。
计费模型使被访问网络中的承载管理器和策略服务器将该信息收集和报告给被访问计费服务器。家乡网络收集经由家乡网络的流量以及家乡控制下的会话的所有计费信息。当用户漫游进被访问网络时,执行初始接入认证,并且在接入认证结束时,对应于移动IP会话,由家乡网络给访问网络分配承载关联标识符。
与移动IP会话(与动态应用会话相对)相关的所有UDR发送给V-SDM和H-SDM,并且包含承载关联标识符。然后,该标识符用于被访问提供商和家乡网络提供商的任何离线结算。
如上所述,对于动态会话,在家乡网络中指定关联标识符。策略服务器经由策略对等接口将这标识符作为提供商之间传递的计费方面的一部分,传递给被访问网络。在IP会话结束时,策略服务器可以卸载在会话开始时创建的方面。对该卸载的响应可能包括与计费方面有关的计数器的最终值。这允许家乡网络立即获知被访问网络中的资源使用。此外,用于被访问网络使用的从V策略服务器发送到其SDM的计费记录可能包括家乡分配的关联标识符。这允许家乡和被访问网络按照需要定期地使详细的记录一致。
图2举例说明可与图1的系统10一起使用的计费模型110的示例。在一个实施例中,计费模型110包括RAN 22、IPGW 24、承载管理器30、策略服务器40、SDM 92、应用管理器50、非SIP应用70和安全管理器90。在一个实施例中,计费触发函数(ATF)和分组数据相互作用函数(PDIF)位于IPGW 24中。收费触发合并器函数(CTCF)76可以位于承载管理器30中。计费接收函数(ARF)74可包括收费数据函数(CDF)75和/或收费网关函数(CGF)77或是此二者的组合,使得ARF可以位于策略服务器40中。在一些实施例中,策略服务器40包括CTCF 76和ATF72。在一些实施例中,SDM 92包括CDF 75和/或CGF 77。从计费模型110的各种组件中产生计费数据66和策略数据67。
计费模型110尝试使系统10中产生计费数据66的点数最小化,并且减小来自各种组件的独立事件集。关联功能不会被过多来自各种组件的事件超载。此外,经由承载管理器30和策略服务器40进行正确事件报告和合并到UDR 66中,这使得能够部署新的应用而不需要非SIP应用70自身产生收费记录或计费事件。计费模型110包括SIP应用和非SIP应用两者,以及过度应用。在大多数情况中,从策略服务器40产生UDR 66的过程足够允许新的应用,而不需要这些新的应用产生计费数据。计费模型允许新的SIP应用服务和非SIP应用服务容易地添加到系统10。计费模型110允许更少的接口和后端处理。
用户数据记录(UDR)66是在下面的IP网络及其资源的使用的账目数据。UDR类似于计费记录,通常在IP会话结束时产生,但也可在其它事件后产生,例如超过使用阈值。UDR 66还包括关于导致IP网络的使用的应用的信息。因此,单单UDR 66常常就足够作为网络使用的基本记录了,以致来自应用管理器和应用服务器的计费记录68有时是可选的。
IPGW 24可产生来自RAN事件的计费数据。在图2的一个具体实施例中,可存在多个IPGW 24,这是因为AT的用户可能移出覆盖区域,所以系统10支持IPGW 24之间的切换。具体的IPGW 24只服务于某一覆盖区域。当AT 20的用户从网络的一个部分移向网络的另一部分时,用户会话能够继续保持活动。当AT移出原来的IPGW24的覆盖区域时,AT切换到另一个IPGW 24。
承载管理器30可作为对由诸如IPGW 24之类较低层元件产生的计费数据66的合并器。承载管理器30已经是对于具体用户流量发往的移动性锚定器,并且承载管理器30确定流量发往的合适的IPGW 24。承载管理器30还接收计费数据66。当移动性事件发生,例如用户从一个网关IPGW 24移向另一个IPGW 24时,承载管理器30可以合并来自IPGW 24的所有更新的计费数据66。因为承载管理器30已经在处理移动性事件,所以承载管理器30合并由IPGW 24产生的计费数据66是更有效的。如果SDM 92不得不处理这些移动性事件,则系统10不那么有效,这是因为SDM92更愿意只看见单个收费会话,例如会话开始时间、所使用的数据量和会话结束时间。因为承载管理器30正在执行合并功能,所以SDM 92就不必执行合并功能。承载管理器30可以帮助策略服务器40检测是否流消失或是否用户移出服务之外,等等。因此,存在如果会话停止则告知策略服务器40的方式,而无需由应用告诉策略服务器40该会话停止。
接口64可以是在图2的组件之间传输数据的任何合适的接口。本技术领域的技术人员可以认识到对不同接口的需要。在这个具体实施例中,接口64是DIAMETER Rf接口。Rf协议允许IMS收费触发函数(CTF)72将离线收费事件发布给收费数据函数(CDF)75。收费事件可以是一次性事件或者是基于会话的事件。START(开始)、INTERIM(中间)、和STOP(停止)事件类型用于基于会话的计费。EVENT(事件)类型用于基于事件的计费,或者用来指示失败的建立会话的尝试。START事件类型启动计费会话。INTERIM事件类型更新计费会话。STOP事件类型停止计费会话。离线收费用于定期付费的网络服务。例如,用户可能有月付的话音呼叫订单。在Rf计费结构中,收费数据函数(CDF)75可以位于任何地方,包括策略服务器。在一些实施例中,接口64可以是Ra接口或策略接口。在其它实施例中,接口可以是处理例如计费事件或策略事件的组件之间的事件的任何合适的接口。
计费触发函数(ATF)72是如下的元件,所述元件产生某个计费事件并且将其发送给计费接收函数(ARF)74所驻留的元件。ARF74所驻留的位置对发送计费信息的实体无关紧要。例如,承载管理器30可以将计费信息66直接发送给SDM 92,或者可以将其往上发送给策略服务器40以用于进一步的合并,但是这对于承载管理器30无关紧要。在这个实施例中,ATF 72和ARF 75是用于可在各种实体中使用的元件的宽泛术语。ATF 72可以是IMS收费触发函数。ARF 74可以是IMS收费数据函数75。ARF 74还可以是IMS收费网关函数77。ARF 74还可以是CDF 75和CGF 77的组合。
在这个实施例中,不是让IPGW 24中的ATF 72(或其等同元件)将收费事件直接发送给CDF 75或SDM 92,而是ATF 72将计费数据66发送给承载管理器30中的CTCF 76,该CTCF 76对于ATF 72看起来就像CDF 75一样。这根据为所关注的接入网规定的协议和过程(例如,基于DIAMETER的Rf、RADIUS、私有等)完成。
在这个实施例中,CTCF 76位于承载管理器30中。CTCF 76从IPGW24中的ATF 72接收计费事件。CTCF 76又根据基于Rf的接口64将计费事件发送给CDF 75,从而向CDF 75提供统一的计费信息。在接收到计费事件时,CTCF 76可以将其发送(如果必要,在变换之后)给CDF 75。CTCF 76还可在将计费数据66发送给CDF 75之前合并多个计费事件。
当在不同IPGW 24之间执行切换,而会话仍在进行时,合并多个事件是有用的。在CTCF将计费数据66发送给CDF 75(例如,当会话结束时或作为中间信息)之前,CTCF 76恢复出从来自IPGW 24的过去事件接收到的较旧的计费数据66(例如,发送和接收的分组和字节),并且将其与从新的IPGW 24接收到的计费数据66进行合并。承载管理器30还可以产生其自身的计费数据66,并且将其包括在发送给CDF 75的信息中。承载管理器30和其CTCF 76提供单个统一的到CDF 75的承载级计费接口。此外,承载管理器30和CTCF 76屏蔽可能在该承载管理器30的范围内发生的任何本地网络移动性。
在一个实施例中,RAN 22是承载管理器30之下的接入网络。在另一个实施例中,承载管理器30之下还可存在一个或多个不同的接入网。在该说明性实施例中,IPGW 24连接到RAN 22并且假设其为基于CDMA的具有自己的将要使用的协议集的RAN 22。例如,如果AT 20移到基于GSM的网络中,则被访问网络可能不具有IPGW 24。即使访问网络具有类似于IPGW 24的元件,由类似于IPGW 24的元件所使用的协议也可能不同,以致,由这些元件产生的计费信息与IPGW 24产生的计费信息不同。
如果AT 20漫游到RAN的覆盖区以外的网络,则分组数据相互作用函数(PDIF)78是有用的。PDIF 78允许AT 20使用家乡网络,例如用户的DSL线缆,并且将AT的流量用隧道送入IPGW/PDIF 78功能,所述IPGW/PDIF 78功能驻留于家乡网络上,允许AT 20连接到承载管理器30。在家乡网络之外产生的计费数据66可能不同,这是因为其它接入网络可能产生与无线接入网不同类型的计费信息。SDM 92处理不同接入网中的这些变化不那么有效,因此用作合并器的承载管理器30不仅显示移动性事件,而且还处理不同接入网络技术中的任何变化。
使用计费模型110的一个优点在于,承载管理器30已经支持这些不同类型的接入网22,这是因为那就是流量转发到那些网络和移动性事件或从其转发的方式。因此,承载管理器30处理和合并从一种或多种类型的接入网22产生的多种计费信息66会有效得多。
策略服务器40从用于SIP应用和非SIP应用70两者的应用管理器50接收各种系统事件和策略数据66。策略服务器40还从承载管理器30接收各种系统事件和计费数据。策略服务器40将该策略信息67连同来自承载管理器30的UDR 66一起记录。因此,策略服务器40能够在每个会话结束时产生单个使用数据记录,该使用数据记录包括来自应用的策略数据和有关每个应用的计费数据。例如,策略接口和策略交互为策略服务器40提供策略数据。策略数据至少可以包括调用的应用的名称(从应用接收)、开始时间、停止时间、与应用有关的参数(例如,“PCMU”、“GZ29”,或其它编码方法),以及包括与具体应用流有关的信息(例如,“音频”或“视频”)的令牌(token)。计费接口64和计费事件向策略服务器提供UDR 66和计费数据(例如,所使用的网络资源)。在许多情况中,策略服务器产生的该单个记录69能够提供足够的计费信息以避免需要任何其它网络元件来执行计费操作。策略服务器40可以发送合并后的UDR给SDM 92而不是让各种元件全都发送计费数据给SDM 92。计费数据66可以是任何格式并且可以包含本技术领域的技术人员已知的任何数据来实现本发明的目标。策略数据67可以是任何格式并且可以包含本技术领域的技术人员已知的任何数据来实现本发明的目标。
由每个应用自身告知策略服务器40该应用的开始和停止,通过包含令牌告知策略服务器40正在运行的应用的类型,还告知策略服务器40用于所述应用的IP会话细节、所述会话请求的服务质量、以及用于向AT20的用户收费的任何其它网络资源参数。应用50、70可以通知策略服务器40要被收费的用户,或者策略服务器40可以从所提供的IP寻址信息(用户具有与其相关的策略特性文件(policy profile))确定要被收费的用户。在与承载管理器30的通信中,策略服务器40可以命令承载管理器30向其提供网络资源计费信息66,并且因此策略服务器40可以在每个会话结束时获知来自承载面的任何计费信息,包括实际的带宽利用率、分组丢失百分比、QOS等等。在异常的承载级会话终止的情况下,承载管理器30可告知策略服务器40,使得承载管理器30停止产生计费记录(并且告知所述应用)。策略服务器40还可以定期与承载管理器30验证承载级会话仍然是活动的。
策略服务器40可以以控制承载管理器30处的资源使用的每会话/每应用流安装服务质量和计费方面。计费方面支配用于由分类符定义的特定应用流的承载计费的特征(例如:时间,量)。与由策略服务器40安装的动态方面相对应的事件就触发条件——阈值和/或时间报告分组计数器。然后,在报告事件之后重置分组计数器,以用于下一个触发条件。策略服务器40还可以产生计费数据记录69,计费数据记录69合并在每个会话基础上从承载管理器30接收到的事件和由应用管理器50报告的事件。
这个信息在与动态服务质量有关的计费的合并和关联两者,以及应用中是有用的。例如,即使在应用层不实现收费,提供商仍然能够基于特定的应用使用向用户收费。策略服务器40是系统10中的中心组件,大部分组件与其进行通信而与组件是SIP应用还是非SIP应用无关。策略服务器40还与网络元件进行通信,所述网络元件例如是承载管理器30。
策略服务器40在中心位置,并且能够有效地产生计费数据66以用于所进行的任何事。例如,当调用SIP应用时,通信经由应用管理器50并且应用管理器50可以与策略服务器40进行通信并且要求策略决定,询问是否允许应用管理器50继续该应用60。在应用管理器50下发给策略服务器40的这个请求中,可以包括告诉策略服务器40正在调用的应用的类型和与其有关的各种参数的信息,例如关于将要使用的媒体流的信息。策略服务器40正在获取关于所述应用和与此应用有关的用户的信息。这对于应用管理器50(基于SIP的应用)和非SIP应用70而发生。策略服务器40了解正在调用的所有这些应用。策略服务器在唯一的位置,产生与具体应用信息有关的计费数据。
策略服务器40还与例如承载管理器30的网络元件对话,以授权网络资源的使用,以及规定当AT 20尝试调用服务时安装在这些元件中的策略服务器想要的收费规则是什么。例如,建立话音呼叫涉及对与这具体话音呼叫相关的所交换的分组或字节的数量进行计数。承载管理器30将此信息(网络资源级计费信息)发送给策略服务器40,并且策略服务器40合并所有此信息。策略服务器40至少知道i)调用的应用是什么,ii)调用其的用户,iii)与该应用有关的各种参数,以及iv)实际用于这个具体应用的承载级资源。
策略服务器40是整个系统中的单个实体,其可以为整个会话产生计费数据。这是有效的,因为其适用于SIP,也适用于如媒体流服务或游戏(gaming)服务等的非SIP应用,并且这具体服务不必产生计费数据,或者在这元件上实现,或者在计费后端上集成。现在,策略服务器40记录如下事实:已调用该新的应用,以及这是用户,以及这些是所使用的承载级资源。然后,策略服务器40将计费数据发送给SDM 92。策略服务器知道什么时候会话开始以及什么时候会话停止。承载管理器30可以帮助策略服务器40检测流是否消失或者AT 20是否移出服务等。因此,还存在如果会话停止则告知策略服务器40的方式,而无需由应用告诉策略服务器40该会话停止。
在一些情况中,需要捕获关于应用的另外的信息,所述另外的信息没有被策略服务器40或承载管理器30记录或收集。为了处理需要基于应用的计费的这种情况,特定的应用管理器50可以记录可用于计费的事件。对于非SIP应用,特定的应用服务器70可以捕获这数据,或者使用使用了深度分组检测的应用检测的功能可捕获这数据。
用于特定应用会话的应用层55(例如,应用管理器和应用服务器)和承载层25(例如,承载管理器和IPGW)处的使用之间的关联需要收费关联。
由家乡网络中的承载管理器按每个IP用户会话分配承载关联标识符,并且经由策略对等将其发送给被访问网络。承载关联标识符由被访问承载管理器和家乡承载管理器两者在对应移动IP会话产生的UDR中使用。
应用可能仍然想要产生更详细的应用层计费信息。为了实现与那些资源的关联,策略服务器40产生关联标识符85,将关联标识符85作为初始策略交互的一部分提供给所述应用。
按每个应用会话(即,SIP呼叫或流媒体会话)使用动态关联标识符85来使应用层处的使用与IP网络相关。对于AT 20发起的应用请求,应用管理器50或非SIP应用服务器70联络策略服务器40以用于授权。策略服务器40产生关联标识符85,并且将其传递给应用管理器50或者非SIP应用服务器70。将相同的关联标识符85作为计费方面的一部分传递给承载管理器30和IPGW 24。然而,在由PSTN网关82发起的SIP呼叫的情况下,关联标识符85可以通过发端网关分配,在SIP信令消息中携带,并且然后从应用管理器50传递到策略服务器40。由PSTN网关82、应用管理器50或者应用服务器70产生的计费数据66,以及由策略服务器40产生的UDR 66包括该关联标识符85。
图3是举例说明根据本发明实施例合并计费数据76的示例性方法的简化流程图。示例处理在步骤202 AT 20开始播放存储在非SIP应用服务器70上的电影时开始。AT 20发送信令消息,所述信令消息在流媒体服务器70上应用处结束。在步骤204,流媒体服务器70给策略服务器40发送,包括:用户20想要调用流媒体应用的信息,以及作为策略处理的一部分的另外的信息67,例如使用的编解码器(codec)和带宽等。在步骤206,策略服务器40做出策略决定以允许应用继续并且开始会话。
在步骤208,策略服务器40还与承载管理器30通信,并且基于从应用服务器70接收到的信息66在承载管理器30中安装策略,所述信息66例如是试图建立流的AT 20所需要的网络资源和与该会话有关的源IP地址和目的IP地址。策略服务器40告诉承载管理器30以实现服务质量。此外,策略服务器40还告诉承载管理器30记录计费操作,例如发送的字节和分组数,并且告诉承载管理器30在会话结束时将计费数据66发送给策略服务器40。在步骤210,电影结束并且会话结束(例如,用户可能停止电影或者应用可能自己停止)。流媒体服务器70发送消息给策略服务器40,通知策略服务器40:会话已经结束并且不再授权任何资源给AT 20。在步骤212,策略服务器40知道应用结束。策略服务器40发送消息给承载管理器30以除去这个具体的策略,并且因此请求由承载管理器30记录的有关这个会话的全部计费信息66。
在步骤214,策略服务器40现在具有了其需要的全部信息。策略服务器40现在可以产生单个合并后的计费记录,其包括来自承载级25和应用级55的计费信息66。计费记录至少可包括以下信息:用户信息、调用的流媒体服务、所使用的编解码器、会话总时间、产生的分组总数以及发送的总字节数。在步骤216,策略服务器40将单个计费记录和这信息一起发送给SDM 92。
重要的是,注意:上述阶段和步骤只举例说明由本发明执行或在本发明中执行的可能的情况中的一些。在适当时,可以删除或移除这些进程和/或步骤中的一些,或者对这些进程和/或步骤进行相当大的修改、加强或改变,而不脱离本发明的范围。此外,这些操作中的许多已经描述为与一个或多个另外的操作同时或并行执行。然而,可以改变这些操作的定时。前面的示例流程为了教导和讨论的目的而提供。由灵活的体系结构提供极大的灵活性,这是因为可以提供任何合适的排列、时间排序、配置和定时机制,而不偏离本发明的广泛范围。因此,通信能力、数据处理特性和元件、合适的基础设施,以及任何合适的软件、硬件、或数据存储对象都可以包括在通信系统10中以完成与执行兼容性功能有关的元件和活动的任务和操作。
虽然参考具体实施例对本发明已经进行了详细的描述,但应当理解,可以对其做出各种其它更改、替换和改造而不偏离本发明的精神和范围。图1的图示的网络体系结构仅仅为了示例和教导的目的提供。通过本发明可以想象和设想合适的替换和替代:所述替换和替代清楚地在通信系统10的广泛范围以内。例如,由图1图示的RAN 22可由Wi-Fi或任何其它有益于网络通信的合适的接入网替代。此外,尽管前面的讨论集中于SIP,不过,任何其它合适的会话协议都可能从这里提供的兼容性教导受益。本发明不限于SIP平台并且不限制于所标识的信令协议。
虽然本发明已经用几个实施例进行了描述,但是本技术领域的技术人员可以想到很多更改、变化、改造、转换和修改,并且本发明希望包括落在所附权利要求范围以内的变更、变化、改造、转换和修改。
Claims (23)
1.一种在通信网络中创建计费记录的方法,包括:
通过策略服务器从一个或多个应用层元件接收策略数据;
通过所述策略服务器从一个或多个较低层元件接收计费数据,其中,所述计费数据与所述策略数据相关;以及
合并接收到的所述计费数据和接收到的所述策略数据。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,还包括将所述计费数据和所述策略数据处理成统一的格式,所述统一的格式与服务数据管理器兼容。
3.根据权利要求1的方法,还包括将所述合并后的计费数据和策略数据发送到服务数据管理器。
4.根据权利要求1的方法,所述较低层元件是从一组较低层元件中选择的元件,所述组包括:
a)IP网关;以及
b)无线接入网。
5.根据权利要求1的方法,所述应用层元件是从一组应用层元件中选择的元件,所述组包括:
a)应用管理器;
b)SIP应用;以及
c)非SIP应用。
6.根据权利要求1的方法,所述计费数据是从一组计费数据中选择的数据,所述组包括:
a)持续时间;
b)总的所使用的字节;以及
c)总的所使用的分组。
7.根据权利要求1的方法,所述策略数据是从一组策略数据中选择的数据,所述组包括:
a)开始时间;
b)停止时间;
c)应用名称;
d)用户名称;
e)与应用有关的参数;
f)与应用有关的编码方法;以及
g)提供与应用有关的另外细节的令牌。
8.一种用于在通信网络中创建数据记录的系统,包括:
一个或多个较低层元件;
一个或多个应用层元件;以及
策略服务器,该策略服务器可操作用于:
从一个或多个应用层元件接收策略数据;
从一个或多个较低层元件接收计费数据,其中,所述计费数据与所述策略数据相关;以及
合并接收到的所述计费数据和接收到的所述策略数据。
9.根据权利要求8的系统,其中,所述策略服务器还可操作用于将所述计费数据和所述策略数据处理成统一的格式,所述统一的格式与服务数据管理器兼容。
10.根据权利要求8的系统,其中,所述策略服务器还可操作用于将所述合并后的计费数据和策略数据发送给服务数据管理器。
11.根据权利要求8的系统,其中,所述较低层元件是从一组较低层元件中选择的元件,所述组包括:
a)IP网关;以及
b)无线接入网。
12.根据权利要求8的系统,所述应用层元件是从一组应用层元件中选择的元件,所述组包括:
a)应用管理器;
b)SIP应用;以及
c)非SIP应用。
13.根据权利要求8的系统,所述计费数据是从一组计费数据中选择的数据,所述组包括:
a)持续时间;
b)总的所使用的字节;以及
c)总的所使用的分组。
14.根据权利要求8的系统,所述策略数据是从一组策略数据中选择的数据,所述组包括:
a)开始时间;
b)停止时间;
c)应用名称;
d)用户名称;
e)与应用有关的参数;
f)与应用有关的编码方法;以及
g)提供与应用有关的另外细节的令牌。
15.一种在计算机可读介质中实现的逻辑,所述计算机可读介质包括代码使得当执行时可操作用于:
从一个或多个应用层元件接收策略数据;
从一个或多个较低层元件接收计费数据,其中,所述计费数据与所述策略数据相关;以及
合并接收到的所述计费数据和接收到的所述策略数据。
16.根据权利要求15的介质,其中,所述介质还可操作用于将所述计费数据和所述策略数据处理成统一的格式,所述统一的格式与服务数据管理器兼容。
17.根据权利要求15的介质,其中,所述介质还可操作用于将所述合并后的计费数据和策略数据发送给服务数据管理器。
18.根据权利要求15的介质,所述较低层元件是从一组较低层元件中选择的元件,所述组包括:
a)IP网关;以及
b)无线接入网。
19.根据权利要求15的介质,所述应用层元件是从一组应用层元件中选择的元件,所述组包括:
a)应用管理器;
b)SIP应用;以及
c)非SIP应用。
20.根据权利要求15的介质,所述计费数据是从一组计费数据中选择的数据,所述组包括:
a)持续时间;
b)总的所使用的字节;以及
c)总的所使用的分组。
21.根据权利要求15的介质,所述策略数据是从一组策略数据中选择的数据,所述组包括:
a)开始时间;
b)停止时间;
c)应用名称;
d)用户名称;
e)与应用有关的参数;
f)与应用有关的编码方法;以及
g)提供与应用有关的另外细节的令牌。
22.根据权利要求15的介质,其中所述合并后的计费数据与RF接口兼容。
23.一种用于在通信网络中创建数据记录的系统,包括:
用于从一个或多个应用层元件接收策略数据的装置;
用于从一个或多个较低层元件接收计费数据的装置,其中,所述计费数据与所述策略数据相关;以及
用于合并接收到的所述计费数据和接收到的所述策略数据的装置。
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CN104506371A (zh) * | 2015-01-04 | 2015-04-08 | 华为技术有限公司 | 一种应用程序编程接口api调用记录的管理方法和装置 |
CN107241186A (zh) * | 2016-03-29 | 2017-10-10 | 瞻博网络公司 | 应用签名生成和分发 |
CN107508687A (zh) * | 2017-09-08 | 2017-12-22 | 深圳市智物联网络有限公司 | 一种计费的方法、装置、物联网应用平台及计费服务器 |
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