CN100370479C - 封装在外壳中的读取器和发射机应答器 - Google Patents

封装在外壳中的读取器和发射机应答器 Download PDF

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CN100370479C
CN100370479C CNB2003101183232A CN200310118323A CN100370479C CN 100370479 C CN100370479 C CN 100370479C CN B2003101183232 A CNB2003101183232 A CN B2003101183232A CN 200310118323 A CN200310118323 A CN 200310118323A CN 100370479 C CN100370479 C CN 100370479C
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约翰尼斯·卡普鲁斯
彼得·赫姆里奇尔
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AUPTOSYS AG
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
    • G06K19/07749—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card
    • G06K19/07758—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card arrangements for adhering the record carrier to further objects or living beings, functioning as an identification tag
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/02—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the selection of materials, e.g. to avoid wear during transport through the machine
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
    • G06K19/07749—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K19/00—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings
    • G06K19/06—Record carriers for use with machines and with at least a part designed to carry digital markings characterised by the kind of the digital marking, e.g. shape, nature, code
    • G06K19/067—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components
    • G06K19/07—Record carriers with conductive marks, printed circuits or semiconductor circuit elements, e.g. credit or identity cards also with resonating or responding marks without active components with integrated circuit chips
    • G06K19/077—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier
    • G06K19/07749—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card
    • G06K19/07771—Constructional details, e.g. mounting of circuits in the carrier the record carrier being capable of non-contact communication, e.g. constructional details of the antenna of a non-contact smart card the record carrier comprising means for minimising adverse effects on the data communication capability of the record carrier, e.g. minimising Eddy currents induced in a proximate metal or otherwise electromagnetically interfering object
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/08—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by means detecting the change of an electrostatic or magnetic field, e.g. by detecting change of capacitance between electrodes
    • G06K7/089—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by means detecting the change of an electrostatic or magnetic field, e.g. by detecting change of capacitance between electrodes hand-held scanners
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
    • G06K7/10009—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
    • G06K7/10158—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves methods and means used by the interrogation device for reliably powering the wireless record carriers using an electromagnetic interrogation field
    • G06K7/10178—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves methods and means used by the interrogation device for reliably powering the wireless record carriers using an electromagnetic interrogation field including auxiliary means for focusing, repeating or boosting the electromagnetic interrogation field
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
    • G06K7/10009—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
    • G06K7/10316—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves using at least one antenna particularly designed for interrogating the wireless record carriers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06K—GRAPHICAL DATA READING; PRESENTATION OF DATA; RECORD CARRIERS; HANDLING RECORD CARRIERS
    • G06K7/00—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns
    • G06K7/10—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation
    • G06K7/10009—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves
    • G06K7/10316—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves using at least one antenna particularly designed for interrogating the wireless record carriers
    • G06K7/10336—Methods or arrangements for sensing record carriers, e.g. for reading patterns by electromagnetic radiation, e.g. optical sensing; by corpuscular radiation sensing by radiation using wavelengths larger than 0.1 mm, e.g. radio-waves or microwaves using at least one antenna particularly designed for interrogating the wireless record carriers the antenna being of the near field type, inductive coil
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/42—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q7/00—Loop antennas with a substantially uniform current distribution around the loop and having a directional radiation pattern in a plane perpendicular to the plane of the loop

Abstract

发射机应答器(10)的天线(1)和电子控制电路(2)被包含在完全密封的金属外壳(3，4)中。读取器(20)的天线(9)受到金属前面板(8)的保护而免受环境干扰，其中金属前面板和容纳电子控制电路(6)的外壳(7，13)是一体的。在优选实施例中，外壳密封得很紧。这些实施例实现了完全密封，并且可以得到抵抗工业干扰的元件这一长期以来的需要。

Description

封装在外壳中的读取器和发射机应答器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种发射机应答器及读取器。
背景技术
自动化的发展需要对产品，工具和诸如制造、包装和存储等操作进行身分识别。已经熟知的条形码系统具有很多缺点。说到这些缺点，将提及标签的物理和化学损伤，及由于材料的质量和颜色的原因，在需要标识部分上进行条形码的印刷或雕刻在通常的情况下是不可能进行的。另一方面，条形码的视觉分析不允许在条形码上有液体或者油膜的存在，但是在工业的环境中却经常是这种情况。
无连接点的发射机应答识别系统(RFID)构成一个新的解决方案，它具有很多优点。发射机应答器(Transponder)是一个无源的标签(tag)，它捕捉由读取器发射的磁场能量，因此，发射机应答器可以将其存储器中包含的信息转达给读取器。在特定的情况下，它还可以根据读取器的要求修改这一信息。这一新的性能是它和其他识别系统相比重要的优点。
发射机应答器通常封装在绝缘的材料中，以免阻碍其磁感应。困难在于附件或者与发射机应答器相结合的部分或者待识别的产品。如果其中应用了金属的物体，它将会干扰发射机应答器的工作，且其灵敏度将会降低。
制造者曾经试图克服这些困难，实现可以在金属元件周围工作并且可以抵抗工业干扰的发射机应答器。已知的就是将元件封装在金属的外壳中，但是外壳并不是完全封闭的，因此这就允许磁场向发射机应答器传播。这样的开口是由一个很细的间隙构成的，或者是由两个具有足够粗糙度的表面连接点来构成的。不幸的是，这些位置成为必须工作在干扰环境中的发射机应答器中潜在的泄漏点。并且，在设备用于食品或者药品的生产和包装的情况下，不能保证它足够清洁。
具有对天线线圈的金属保护的读取器目前并不是已知的。因此，塑料罩所能提供的使之免受侵蚀剂侵蚀的保护是不够的。这一塑料罩的接合缝隙可能会破裂，并可能会受到污染；这样就不能保证足够的清洁。
发明内容
本发明的第一个目标是实现包含在密封的金属外壳中的发射机应答器，本发明的第二个目标是实现这样一个读取器，它的天线罩及外壳是金属的，并且根据最优实施例，它是仅由单一的金属件构成的，可以用来提供最佳的保护，同时提供可以和在市场上获得的产品相比较的操作性能。
本发明提供了一种发射机应答器，具有天线及电子控制电路，所述天线和电子控制电路被包含在金属外壳内，其中所述外壳被密封地封闭，并具有非磁性的金属壁，电子控制电路只有穿过所述金属壁才能通过天线进行通信。
本发明还提供了一种读取器，具有天线并包括非磁性的金属外壳，其中天线受到金属前面板的保护而免于受环境干扰，其中金属前面板和容纳电子控制电路的外壳结合成一体。
附图说明
本发明将结合它的实施例附图参考说明。
图1显示了封装在金属外壳中的发射机应答器，它由焊接的盖子封闭，及
图2显示了读取器，其天线和通信电路由金属套管保护。
图1中部分显示了发射机应答器10的横截面视图，它包括线圈1，线圈与图中没有显示的电容和电阻结合起来形成谐振天线，它还包括电子芯片2，芯片中具有大功率的通信控制器和可重新编程的存储器。这些元件安装在金属外壳3中并由盖子4封闭，盖子例如可以是焊接上的，并且其焊缝5是可见的。
图2显示了读取器20的剖面图，它在圆柱形金属套管7中具有相对较薄的金属壁8，以及线圈9，线圈和图中没有显示的电容及电阻结合形成天线电路。高度可渗透的铁氧体元件11影响了磁场的形状，并且对于穿过外壳前面板8发射到读取器前面的辐射是有利的。具有电子线缆12的电子电路6实现了读取器不同的功能，其电子线缆被它紧紧引导，穿过外壳上的插头13，读取器的功能如：
-生成载波，并且用将要送给发射机应答器的控制信息对载波进行调制。
-对发射机应答器生成的信号进行滤波和处理。
-管理与发射机应答器之间的会话以及通过串行接口和用户之间的通信。
为了实现本发明的目标，重要的参数、元件以及发射机应答器和读取器的电子电路必须进行优化。在选择频率的时候必须考虑位于两个金属壁内部的磁辐射的穿透深度，其中这两个金属壁吸收掉部分能量，并作为次级天线。根据频率，这一次级天线的辐射将干扰初级辐射，并导致被测信号的畸变并发生重大的变化。
这些金属壁材料的机械特性和电特性非常的重要。这些金属壁必须提供很好的机械保护，对于溶剂要具有高度抵抗力，并且不能被氧化。为了允许足够的穿透深度，这种材料的电阻率不能够太低，并且这种材料不能是有磁性的。
在RFID应用的情况下，这受到工业环境的约束，看起来不锈钢似乎提供了最有趣的性能，但是本发明并不局限于这一种材料。如果期望使用不同的材料，诸如贵重金属或者防腐蚀的材料(anticorrodal)，则可以调整本发明的技术手段。在这个具有示范性的实施例中，选择了DIN 1.4305或者AISI 303的不锈钢，并且基于这种材料的特性进行了优化。
这样，为了透过例如0.2到0.5mm的不锈钢壁传输时，实现有最小干扰的有效信号传输，载波的频率必须在20到50kHz的范围内进行选择。已知对应不同的材料以及不同的金属壁厚度可能需要不同的载波频率。
天线线圈的形状也影响穿过金属壁的辐射强度。当绕组在金属壁上的接触面积最大时辐射最强。因此，给定绕组的横截面是矩形形状，这样就可以达到其侧面积和金属壁之间最大的耦合。辐射的优化也显示了在线圈的后端必须存在一个空气隙，这个空气隙在图中没有显示。
该线圈与一个电容一起形成了一个谐振天线。这一电路的谐振频率及Q因子决定了天线对周围金属元件的灵敏度的降低程度。为了控制Q因子，需要为谐振天线电路的线圈选择具有适合的电阻值的电阻。例如，在发射机应答器的情况下，当线圈接近50mH的时候，电阻值应包含在1000到3000Ohms之间，而对于读取器，当线圈接近3mH的时候，最佳的电阻值应该包含在100到300Ohm之间。
该天线的谐振频率并没有调谐到载波频率之上。当谐振频率比载波频率高5％到20％的时候，将能够更好地提取调制信号。
滤波电路保证了发射机应答器产生的信号的成形。由于这一信号将穿过两个金属壁，所以它将被严重衰减。它的幅度受到发射机应答器和读取器之间距离的影响而明显不同。有差别的信号的成形使得用于具有较大变化的信号的检测器可以可靠地工作，因此，它允许恢复调制信号，而不管载波上的干扰和饱和失真。

Claims (14)

1.发射机应答器，具有天线及电子控制电路，所述天线和电子控制电路被包含在金属外壳内，其特征在于所述外壳被密封地封闭，并具有非磁性的金属壁，电子控制电路(2)只有穿过所述金属壁才能通过天线进行通信。
2.如权利要求1所述的发射机应答器，其特征在于其外壳由不锈钢制成，其金属壁厚度在0.2到0.5mm之间，并且其载波的频率在20到50kHz之间。
3.如权利要求1所述的发射机应答器，其特征在于天线线圈(1，9)的横截面是矩形的，并且线圈的长边和外壳的金属壁紧紧地耦合在一起。
4.如权利要求3所述的发射机应答器，其特征在于在线圈的后端，在外壳(4)的对面提供了空气隙。
5.如权利要求1所述的发射机应答器，其特征在于其天线的谐振频率比载波频率高5％到20％。
6.如权利要求1所述的发射机应答器，其特征在于谐振天线的Q因子在电阻控制下降低。
7.读取器，具有天线并包括非磁性的金属外壳，其特征在于天线受到金属前面板(8)的保护而免于受环境干扰，其中金属前面板(8)和容纳电子控制电路(6)的外壳(7，13)是一体的。
8.如权利要求7所述的读取器，其特征在于外壳包含封闭的盖子。
9.如权利要求7所述的读取器，其特征在于其外壳由不锈钢制成，其金属壁厚度在0.2到0.5mm之间，并且其载波的频率在20到50kHz之间。
10.如权利要求7所述的读取器，其特征在于天线线圈(1，9)的横截面是矩形的，并且线圈的长边和外壳的金属壁紧紧地耦合在一起。
11.如权利要求10所述的读取器，其特征在于在线圈的后端，在铁氧体元件(11)的对面提供了空气隙。
12.如权利要求7所述的读取器，其特征在于其天线的谐振频率比载波频率高5％到20％。
13.如权利要求7所述的读取器，其特征在于谐振天线的Q因子在电阻控制下降低。
14.如权利要求7所述的读取器，其特征在于接收电路之前是一个差分滤波器。
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US7102525B2 (en) 2006-09-05
EP1429417B9 (fr) 2006-10-25
EP1429417B1 (fr) 2006-05-10
CN1503197A (zh) 2004-06-09
DE60211355T2 (de) 2007-05-24
US20040099744A1 (en) 2004-05-27
JP4259988B2 (ja) 2009-04-30
JP2004173283A (ja) 2004-06-17
EP1429417A1 (fr) 2004-06-16
DE60211355D1 (de) 2006-06-14

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