CA2127006C - Hot pluggable motherboard bus connector method - Google Patents
Hot pluggable motherboard bus connector method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CA2127006C CA2127006C CA002127006A CA2127006A CA2127006C CA 2127006 C CA2127006 C CA 2127006C CA 002127006 A CA002127006 A CA 002127006A CA 2127006 A CA2127006 A CA 2127006A CA 2127006 C CA2127006 C CA 2127006C
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- card
- motherboard
- bus
- power bus
- power
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F13/00—Interconnection of, or transfer of information or other signals between, memories, input/output devices or central processing units
- G06F13/38—Information transfer, e.g. on bus
- G06F13/40—Bus structure
- G06F13/4063—Device-to-bus coupling
- G06F13/4068—Electrical coupling
- G06F13/4081—Live connection to bus, e.g. hot-plugging
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S323/00—Electricity: power supply or regulation systems
- Y10S323/908—Inrush current limiters
Abstract
A method of connecting an IC card to a motherboard involves first connecting the ground busses, then the power busses and finally the general signal busses. When the power busses are connected, a low current is allowed to flow initially, thon, a predetermined period of time is allowed to elapse for equalization of IC card and motherboard voltages, then a full current is allowed to flow. A method of disconnecting an IC card from a motherboard involves first disconnecting the general signal busses, then she power busses and finally the ground busses.
Description
H-5876,DT-27 HOT P1,UGGABI~E MOTHEItI30ARD H 1S ~ J'ECTION METI~Ola Tho present invention relates to a connector circuit for connecting an integrated circuit card (1C card) to a motherboard. The connection is made in a hot pluggable manner, moaning that when a card is being connected to the motherboard, there is no need to deactivate the motherboard bus.
In the prior art, when a new IC card was being connected to a motherboard bus, the motherboard bus had to be deactivated, thus the bus could not be used by anoLhor IC card which had previously been connected. Deactivation was necessary because noisy signals could be added to the bus by ihv now card during insertion, such noise signals negatively impacting the use of the bus by the existing IC cards previously inserted. For example, data being transmitted along the motherboard bus using an existing IC card could be lost durin6 insertion of the new IC card.
Hot pluggable connections between IC cards and a motherboard have been developed in which it is not necessary to deactivate the motherboard bus during insertion of a new card. In these prior art devices, edge connectors are located on the IC cards for connection to the motherboard.
When the 1C card is connected to a corresponding receptacle on the motherboard, both power Connections to the electrical components on the IC card and general purpose signal connections (e.g. for data and address~s) are established during the same connection. 'fo ensure a stable operation of the bus while a card is connected, it is necessary to make sure that power and general purpose signal connections are made in a certain order. For example, it is better to have the power connections made before the general purpose signal connections.
In the speeifeetion of U.S. Fatent No. 5,210,855, a connection soguonce is described in which first ground connections are made, then power connections are anade and finally general purpose signal connections are made. However, a problem has existed in these devices. Specifically, when the power connection is made between the IC card and the modterboard bus, power is applied to the card immediately. This causes a short circuit to exist across the motherboard power bus. This can cause many problems to occur as follows. First, physical damage to the connectors can occur, for example, the connectors can by depleted by the temporary short circuit. Second, disturbances to the signal lines on the motherboard bus can bo created by the short circuit on the power bus by electromagnetic interference. Third, regulated voltage levels on the motherboard hus can be caused to fall out of regulation, thus severely effectitag all other IC cards connected to the motherboard bus.
Another problem which has existed in the prior art "hot-pluggablv" devices mentioned above is thnt when a card containing active elements is physically removed from the motherboard, the active levels existing on the connectors can cause disruptions to occur to the motherboard bus.
~.~I~ f~~/1~~) Ii-5876,D'f-2'7 An object of the invention is to solve the above-noted problems which have existed in the prior art.
Another object of the invention is to provide for a controlled applicetiort of power to an iC card From the motherboard bus. Current flow is limited to a safe value until voltage levels between the motherboard bus and the 1C card have equalized.
A further object of the invention is to provide for controlled disconnection of the various connections between the IC card and the rnothorboard when the IC card is to bo physically removed from the motherboard.
Once the connectors have been fully disconnected, only ehen is the IC card physically removed from the motherboard bus, thus preventing disruptions to the bus from occurring.
The present invention includes a method of connecting an IC card to a motherboard, comprising steps of:
(a) detecting that an IC card )tae been insaried into a connector located on said motherboard;
(b) connecting a power bus of said motherboard to a power bus of said IC card, and (c) connecting a general signal bus of said motherboard to a general signal bus of said 1C card;
in which said step (b) includes substeps as follows;
(bl) allowing only a low current to flow between said power bus of said motherboard and said power bus of said IC card;
(b2) waiting for a predetermined period of tim~, said predetermined period of limo corresponding to the time it takes for voltage levels between said motherboard and said IC card to become equalized; and (b3) atlowing a full current to flow between said power bus of said motherboard and said power bus of said IC card.
A connector is provided on a motherboard for connecting the geound, power and general purpose signal connections of an IC card to the corresponding motherboard busses.
wring connection of an IC card to the motherboard, the connections are made in the following order. First, the ground connections arc made, then the power connections ere made, and finally the general Purpose data connections are made.
When the power connections are made, the current flow is limited by, for example, a variable resistance circuit, under programmed control, so that a safe amount of current flows through the power connections between the IC Bard and the motlterboard power bus. Then, after a predetermined period of time has elapsed during which the voltage levels between the motherboard bus and the IC card have equalized, the current is allowed to reach its maximum steady state value under Programmed control.
When the IC card is to be removed from the motherboard, the connections between the IC card and the motherboard bus arc disengaged in the reverse order from which they wore engaged during the time when the IC cab was being connected to the motherboard. That is, under programmed control, first the general purpose signal connectors are disengaged, then the power is disengaged and t~mally the ground connections are disengaged.
In the prior art, when a new IC card was being connected to a motherboard bus, the motherboard bus had to be deactivated, thus the bus could not be used by anoLhor IC card which had previously been connected. Deactivation was necessary because noisy signals could be added to the bus by ihv now card during insertion, such noise signals negatively impacting the use of the bus by the existing IC cards previously inserted. For example, data being transmitted along the motherboard bus using an existing IC card could be lost durin6 insertion of the new IC card.
Hot pluggable connections between IC cards and a motherboard have been developed in which it is not necessary to deactivate the motherboard bus during insertion of a new card. In these prior art devices, edge connectors are located on the IC cards for connection to the motherboard.
When the 1C card is connected to a corresponding receptacle on the motherboard, both power Connections to the electrical components on the IC card and general purpose signal connections (e.g. for data and address~s) are established during the same connection. 'fo ensure a stable operation of the bus while a card is connected, it is necessary to make sure that power and general purpose signal connections are made in a certain order. For example, it is better to have the power connections made before the general purpose signal connections.
In the speeifeetion of U.S. Fatent No. 5,210,855, a connection soguonce is described in which first ground connections are made, then power connections are anade and finally general purpose signal connections are made. However, a problem has existed in these devices. Specifically, when the power connection is made between the IC card and the modterboard bus, power is applied to the card immediately. This causes a short circuit to exist across the motherboard power bus. This can cause many problems to occur as follows. First, physical damage to the connectors can occur, for example, the connectors can by depleted by the temporary short circuit. Second, disturbances to the signal lines on the motherboard bus can bo created by the short circuit on the power bus by electromagnetic interference. Third, regulated voltage levels on the motherboard hus can be caused to fall out of regulation, thus severely effectitag all other IC cards connected to the motherboard bus.
Another problem which has existed in the prior art "hot-pluggablv" devices mentioned above is thnt when a card containing active elements is physically removed from the motherboard, the active levels existing on the connectors can cause disruptions to occur to the motherboard bus.
~.~I~ f~~/1~~) Ii-5876,D'f-2'7 An object of the invention is to solve the above-noted problems which have existed in the prior art.
Another object of the invention is to provide for a controlled applicetiort of power to an iC card From the motherboard bus. Current flow is limited to a safe value until voltage levels between the motherboard bus and the 1C card have equalized.
A further object of the invention is to provide for controlled disconnection of the various connections between the IC card and the rnothorboard when the IC card is to bo physically removed from the motherboard.
Once the connectors have been fully disconnected, only ehen is the IC card physically removed from the motherboard bus, thus preventing disruptions to the bus from occurring.
The present invention includes a method of connecting an IC card to a motherboard, comprising steps of:
(a) detecting that an IC card )tae been insaried into a connector located on said motherboard;
(b) connecting a power bus of said motherboard to a power bus of said IC card, and (c) connecting a general signal bus of said motherboard to a general signal bus of said 1C card;
in which said step (b) includes substeps as follows;
(bl) allowing only a low current to flow between said power bus of said motherboard and said power bus of said IC card;
(b2) waiting for a predetermined period of tim~, said predetermined period of limo corresponding to the time it takes for voltage levels between said motherboard and said IC card to become equalized; and (b3) atlowing a full current to flow between said power bus of said motherboard and said power bus of said IC card.
A connector is provided on a motherboard for connecting the geound, power and general purpose signal connections of an IC card to the corresponding motherboard busses.
wring connection of an IC card to the motherboard, the connections are made in the following order. First, the ground connections arc made, then the power connections ere made, and finally the general Purpose data connections are made.
When the power connections are made, the current flow is limited by, for example, a variable resistance circuit, under programmed control, so that a safe amount of current flows through the power connections between the IC Bard and the motlterboard power bus. Then, after a predetermined period of time has elapsed during which the voltage levels between the motherboard bus and the IC card have equalized, the current is allowed to reach its maximum steady state value under Programmed control.
When the IC card is to be removed from the motherboard, the connections between the IC card and the motherboard bus arc disengaged in the reverse order from which they wore engaged during the time when the IC cab was being connected to the motherboard. That is, under programmed control, first the general purpose signal connectors are disengaged, then the power is disengaged and t~mally the ground connections are disengaged.
~.~E~ ~~~~
H-5976, J;7T-a7 'I'!~e invention will now be describ~d, by way of ehample, with a reference to the drawings in which;
Figure 1 shows a basic circuit sinacture.
Figure 2 shows a flow chart of a connection routine of the present invention for connecting an IC card to a motherboard.
Figure 3 shows a flow chart of a disconnectiwa routine of the present uavention for disconnecting an IC card from a motherboard.
):figure I shows a basic circuit structure of the present invention. An IC
card 1 connects to a motherboard 2 via a cattnactor circuit 21 located on the motherboard 2. Thv ground bus of the IC card 1 is connected to the ground bus 28 of the motherboard 2 during insertion of the card into connector 21. ~
conttoller 25 controls switches 22 and 23 located between connector 21 and general purpose signal bus 26 and power bus 27, respectively, so that the switches are elosod as follows.
When it is detected that m IC card I has been physically inserted into a connector 21 by, for example, naonitoring power supply current, (see Figure 2 step Sl), the controller 25 clos0s the switch 23 (stops S2 to S4 as will be fully described below) to connect the tmotherboard power bus 27 to the IC card 1. Finally, the controller 25 eloses the switch 22 (step SS) to connect the motherboard general signal bus 26 to the IC card 1.
The switch 23 is of a type it which the impedance can be set to a certain value for a predetermined time duration under control of the controller 25. The controller controls the impedance of the switch 23 so that current flow is at first limitxd to a safe and low value (step S2). Then, after a predetermined time has elapsed (step S3), the predetermined time being dependent on the time it takes for the voltage levels between the motherboard 2 and the IC card 1 to become oqualiz~d, the controller 2S
lessons the impedance of the switch 23 so that the maximum steady current for proper aperation of the IC
card 1 will flow to the card 1 (step S4).
Thus, physical damage to the connectors, caused by arcing on the connectors during the initial inrush of currant to the card, can be prevented by using the controlled current switch as described above. Further, disturbances to signal lines 26 on the motherboard by electromagnetic interforonCe Can also be prevented. Still further, the deregulation of regulated voltage levels an the motherboard 2 can be prevented. Tho controller 25 also controls the switches 22 and 23 in the following manner whoa it is detected that the user wishes to physically remove an IC card ! frnm the motherboard 2 (see step S6 of Figure 3). The switches are caused to oven in a certain order, specifically, the reverse order to the order in which they wor~ closed evhen the IC
card was first connected to the motherboard connector 21. More spveifically, first the general signal bus ~':1~ a ~~
1~-5876,DT-27 switch 22 is opened (step S7), and then the power bus switch 23 is opened (step S8). Then, an indication is gluon to the user thae it is alright to physically disconnect the card I from thr motherboard connector 21 (step S9). Tho ground connection is disconnoctcd whop the card is physically removed by the user.
It is important that tire switches be opcnod before the iC card 1 is physically removed from the connector 21. Specifically, if these switches are opened first then mechanical contact bounce vn the signal lines can be prevented.
There are two ways to carry out this controlled disconnection of the connection lines. first, a software control technique can be used in which a register is provided inside the controller 25. A predetermined value is written to the register when the user wishes to physically remove the IC
card 1. Under software control, the contents of the register are constantly checked to determine whether the contents arc equal to the predetermined value. When it is determined that the contents of the register are equal to the predetermined value, the switches 22 and 23 arc opened. After the switches are opened, an indication is given to the user by means of, for example, a CRT or by indicator lights, that it is permissible to physically remove the IC card 1 from the motherboard connector 21.
The second way is a mechanical technique in which a sensing element, such as an optical sensor or a pressure sensor, senses that an access cover (which covers the IC card 1) has been removed. When the access cover has been removed, it is clear that the user tray be in the process of removing the IC card 1 from the motherboard connector 21. 'thus, when the sensing element senses that the access cover has been removed the switches are opened as discussed above.
A method of connecting an IC card to a motherboard involves Eirst connecting the ground busses, than the power busses and finally the general signel busses. When "he pnwar busses are connected, a low current is allowed to flow initially, then, a prodotemtinod period of time is allowed to elapse for equalization of IC
card and motherboard voltages, then a full current is allowed to flaw. A
method of disconnecting an IC card from a motherboard involves first disconnecting the general signal busses, then the power busses and finally the ground busses.
H-5976, J;7T-a7 'I'!~e invention will now be describ~d, by way of ehample, with a reference to the drawings in which;
Figure 1 shows a basic circuit sinacture.
Figure 2 shows a flow chart of a connection routine of the present invention for connecting an IC card to a motherboard.
Figure 3 shows a flow chart of a disconnectiwa routine of the present uavention for disconnecting an IC card from a motherboard.
):figure I shows a basic circuit structure of the present invention. An IC
card 1 connects to a motherboard 2 via a cattnactor circuit 21 located on the motherboard 2. Thv ground bus of the IC card 1 is connected to the ground bus 28 of the motherboard 2 during insertion of the card into connector 21. ~
conttoller 25 controls switches 22 and 23 located between connector 21 and general purpose signal bus 26 and power bus 27, respectively, so that the switches are elosod as follows.
When it is detected that m IC card I has been physically inserted into a connector 21 by, for example, naonitoring power supply current, (see Figure 2 step Sl), the controller 25 clos0s the switch 23 (stops S2 to S4 as will be fully described below) to connect the tmotherboard power bus 27 to the IC card 1. Finally, the controller 25 eloses the switch 22 (step SS) to connect the motherboard general signal bus 26 to the IC card 1.
The switch 23 is of a type it which the impedance can be set to a certain value for a predetermined time duration under control of the controller 25. The controller controls the impedance of the switch 23 so that current flow is at first limitxd to a safe and low value (step S2). Then, after a predetermined time has elapsed (step S3), the predetermined time being dependent on the time it takes for the voltage levels between the motherboard 2 and the IC card 1 to become oqualiz~d, the controller 2S
lessons the impedance of the switch 23 so that the maximum steady current for proper aperation of the IC
card 1 will flow to the card 1 (step S4).
Thus, physical damage to the connectors, caused by arcing on the connectors during the initial inrush of currant to the card, can be prevented by using the controlled current switch as described above. Further, disturbances to signal lines 26 on the motherboard by electromagnetic interforonCe Can also be prevented. Still further, the deregulation of regulated voltage levels an the motherboard 2 can be prevented. Tho controller 25 also controls the switches 22 and 23 in the following manner whoa it is detected that the user wishes to physically remove an IC card ! frnm the motherboard 2 (see step S6 of Figure 3). The switches are caused to oven in a certain order, specifically, the reverse order to the order in which they wor~ closed evhen the IC
card was first connected to the motherboard connector 21. More spveifically, first the general signal bus ~':1~ a ~~
1~-5876,DT-27 switch 22 is opened (step S7), and then the power bus switch 23 is opened (step S8). Then, an indication is gluon to the user thae it is alright to physically disconnect the card I from thr motherboard connector 21 (step S9). Tho ground connection is disconnoctcd whop the card is physically removed by the user.
It is important that tire switches be opcnod before the iC card 1 is physically removed from the connector 21. Specifically, if these switches are opened first then mechanical contact bounce vn the signal lines can be prevented.
There are two ways to carry out this controlled disconnection of the connection lines. first, a software control technique can be used in which a register is provided inside the controller 25. A predetermined value is written to the register when the user wishes to physically remove the IC
card 1. Under software control, the contents of the register are constantly checked to determine whether the contents arc equal to the predetermined value. When it is determined that the contents of the register are equal to the predetermined value, the switches 22 and 23 arc opened. After the switches are opened, an indication is given to the user by means of, for example, a CRT or by indicator lights, that it is permissible to physically remove the IC card 1 from the motherboard connector 21.
The second way is a mechanical technique in which a sensing element, such as an optical sensor or a pressure sensor, senses that an access cover (which covers the IC card 1) has been removed. When the access cover has been removed, it is clear that the user tray be in the process of removing the IC card 1 from the motherboard connector 21. 'thus, when the sensing element senses that the access cover has been removed the switches are opened as discussed above.
A method of connecting an IC card to a motherboard involves Eirst connecting the ground busses, than the power busses and finally the general signel busses. When "he pnwar busses are connected, a low current is allowed to flow initially, then, a prodotemtinod period of time is allowed to elapse for equalization of IC
card and motherboard voltages, then a full current is allowed to flaw. A
method of disconnecting an IC card from a motherboard involves first disconnecting the general signal busses, then the power busses and finally the ground busses.
Claims (2)
1. A method of connecting an IC card to a motherboard, comprising the steps of:
a) providing said IC card with connecting pins of equal lengths;
b) detecting that said IC card has been inserted into a connector located on said motherboard;
c) electrically connecting a power bus of said motherboard to a power bus of said IC card only after it has been detected that the IC card has been inserted into said connector; and d) connecting a signal bus of said motherboard to a general signal bus of said IC card only after said power bus of the motherboard has been connected to the power bus of the IC card;
wherein, said step ( c ) includes the substeps in the sequences as follows:
c1) allowing only a low current to flow between said power bus of said motherboard and said power bus of said IC card;
c2) waiting for a predetermined period of time, said predetermined period of time corresponding to the time it takes for voltage levels between said motherboard and said IC card to become equalized;
and c3) allowing a full current to flow between said power bus of said motherboard and said power bus of said IC card.
a) providing said IC card with connecting pins of equal lengths;
b) detecting that said IC card has been inserted into a connector located on said motherboard;
c) electrically connecting a power bus of said motherboard to a power bus of said IC card only after it has been detected that the IC card has been inserted into said connector; and d) connecting a signal bus of said motherboard to a general signal bus of said IC card only after said power bus of the motherboard has been connected to the power bus of the IC card;
wherein, said step ( c ) includes the substeps in the sequences as follows:
c1) allowing only a low current to flow between said power bus of said motherboard and said power bus of said IC card;
c2) waiting for a predetermined period of time, said predetermined period of time corresponding to the time it takes for voltage levels between said motherboard and said IC card to become equalized;
and c3) allowing a full current to flow between said power bus of said motherboard and said power bus of said IC card.
2. An apparatus for facilitating disconnection of an IC card, having connecting pins of equal length, from a motherboard, comprising:
a) means for determining that a user wishes to remove an IC
card from said motherboard;
b) means for electrically disconnecting a general signal bus of said motherboard from a general signal bus of said IC
card only after it has been determined that a user wishes to remove an IC board;
c) means for electrically disconnecting a power bus of said motherboard from a power bus of said IC card after the general bus of the motherboard has been disconnected from the general bus of said IC card;
d) means for indicating to said user, after the power bus of said motherboard has been electrically disconnected from the power bus of the IC card, that it is alright to physically disconnect the card from the motherboard.
a) means for determining that a user wishes to remove an IC
card from said motherboard;
b) means for electrically disconnecting a general signal bus of said motherboard from a general signal bus of said IC
card only after it has been determined that a user wishes to remove an IC board;
c) means for electrically disconnecting a power bus of said motherboard from a power bus of said IC card after the general bus of the motherboard has been disconnected from the general bus of said IC card;
d) means for indicating to said user, after the power bus of said motherboard has been electrically disconnected from the power bus of the IC card, that it is alright to physically disconnect the card from the motherboard.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/083,504 | 1993-06-30 | ||
| US08/083,504 US5473499A (en) | 1993-06-30 | 1993-06-30 | Hot pluggable motherboard bus connection method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2127006A1 CA2127006A1 (en) | 1994-12-31 |
| CA2127006C true CA2127006C (en) | 2004-08-31 |
Family
ID=22178765
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002127006A Expired - Fee Related CA2127006C (en) | 1993-06-30 | 1994-06-29 | Hot pluggable motherboard bus connector method |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US5473499A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0632393B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1051386C (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2127006C (en) |
| DE (1) | DE69431976T2 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2122773C1 (en) |
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-
1993
- 1993-06-30 US US08/083,504 patent/US5473499A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1994
- 1994-06-28 DE DE69431976T patent/DE69431976T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-06-28 EP EP94304697A patent/EP0632393B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-06-29 CA CA002127006A patent/CA2127006C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-06-29 RU RU94022749A patent/RU2122773C1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-06-30 CN CN94107261A patent/CN1051386C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2127006A1 (en) | 1994-12-31 |
| US5473499A (en) | 1995-12-05 |
| DE69431976D1 (en) | 2003-02-13 |
| DE69431976T2 (en) | 2004-01-08 |
| CN1105135A (en) | 1995-07-12 |
| CN1051386C (en) | 2000-04-12 |
| RU2122773C1 (en) | 1998-11-27 |
| EP0632393B1 (en) | 2003-01-08 |
| EP0632393A1 (en) | 1995-01-04 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| MKLA | Lapsed |
Effective date: 20140702 |